BHAI MASTAN SINGH PUBLIC

SCHOOL,
SRI MUKTSAR SAHIB
Grade-IX – IT (402)
Session - (2024-25)

SummariseD
Notes
of
Grade-ix

Part-B (Unit-IV) ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET

 Electronic Spreadsheet

Creating Editing data Formatting Cell Charts

Spreadsheet data Reference
Inserting Worksheet Using Functions Text Alignment Relative
Text Orientation Absolute
Renaming Worksheet Inserting Rows & Columns Wrapping the text Column
Fill Handle Mixed Pie Bar
Deleting Worksheet Deleting Rows & Columns

Basics:

1. Workbook- Collection of worksheets

2. Worksheet - The working area on the screen
3. Rows- Horizontal position
4. Columns- vertical set
5. Cell address- It has a unique address which identifies its location
6. Operator- Performs mathematical or logical operations

SUB TOPIC: CREATING A SPREADSHEET

Answer the Following Questions:

1. What is the difference between a workbook and a worksheet?

Ans. Workbook -The workbook is like a notebook, which consists of a number of pages.
Worksheet- A worksheet is a grid like area, made up of rows and columns, where you can enter
data. Each page in a workbook is called a worksheet.

2. How many rows, columns and cells are there in a Calc worksheet?

Ans. There are 1,048,576 rows, 1024 columns and 1,073,741,824 cells.

3. What is a range? How will you specify a range of cells in calc?

Ans. A range of cells is a group of contiguous cells that forms a rectangular area in shape. You can
specify a range by writing the starting cell address followed by the ending cell address, both separated
by a colon (:) i.e., A1: A10

4. How will you insert a new worksheet between sheet 1 and sheet 2?
 Ans. Select Insert > Sheet from the menu bar, or Click in an empty space at the end of the line of
sheet tabs.

5. Write the steps you will follow to move a worksheet to a new workbook.

Ans. Select the sheet that you want to copy to the other workbook. On the Edit menu, select Sheet >
Move or Copy Sheet.

SUB TOPIC: EDITING DATA IN A SPREADSHEET

Answer the Following Questions:

1. What is the difference between Label and Value in Calc?

Ans. All words describing the values (numbers) are called labels. The numbers, which can later be used
in formulas, are called values.

2. What is Formula in Calc? Explain with the help of an examples.

Ans. Formulas are used to perform calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division. A formula must begin with an equal to (=) sign. i.e., =A1+B1+C1

3. How to insert a blank row above row 5 in a calc spreadsheet?

Ans. To insert a single row in a sheet, right-click on a row number and select insert Row Above or
Insert Row Below. A new, blank row will be inserted above or below the selected row as per your
selection.

4. What is the purpose of COUNT function in Calc? Explain with suitable examples.

Ans. COUNT Function counts the number of numeric entries, formulas, and date entries in a given
range of cells. i.e., = COUNT (A1:A20)

5. Write a short note on function in calc?

Ans. Functions are pre-designed formulas to perform simple and complex calculations. Functions
eliminate the chance to write wrong formulas. They accept Arguments and return Values. Functions
are made up of two parts-Structure and Arguments.
 SUB TOPIC: FORMATTING DATA IN A SPREADSHEET

1. What do you understand by wrapping the text?

Ans. Wrapping the text means displaying multiple lines within the cell. It can help you display
lengthy text in a single cell without moving the content to the other cells.

2. What do you understand by Text orientation? How will you change the direction of text
with 120 degree?

Ans. Text orientation refers to the direction in which text is displayed or written. To change text
direction by 120 degrees, you can use CSS's transform: rotate (120deg) property.

3. How do we enter date and time in a calc sheet?

Ans. Select the cell and type the date and time. You can separate the date elements with a slash
(/) or a hyphen (-) or use text such as 12 Apr 16. You can separate time elements with colons (:),
such as 12:23:51

4. Write the steps for converting numeric data into labels.

Ans. Select the cell or cells that contain the numbers you want to format and then click the
Home tab. Click in the Number Format list box and choose a format that displays decimal places,
such as Number or Percentage.

5. What is Fill handle? What is its use?

Ans. Fill handle allows you to extend and fill a series of numbers, dates, or even text to a
specified number of cells. The fill handle is a little black box in the bottom right corner of the
active cell.

SUB TOPIC: CELL REFERENCING

 1. What do you understand by cell referencing?

Ans. A cell referencing refers to a cell or range of cells in a spreadsheet that can be used in a
formula or function. With the help of cell reference, you can use the data within the the same
worksheet or a different worksheet.

2. Define the following with an example:

a. Absolute reference
b. Relative reference
c. Mixed reference

a. Absolute reference
Absolute Reference is used when you do not want to change the address of the cell while copying
the formula to another cell. In Absolute Reference you need to add the dollar symbol ($) before
the column and row number.
Example: =$A$1+$A$2

b. Relative reference
Relative reference is used when you copy or move the formula to the other cells, the reference
cell automatically gets changed.
Example: The formula in A3 is =A1+A2. When you copy the formula from A3 to B3, spreadsheet
automatically changes the reference to match the location of cells, i.e., = B1+B2.

c. Mixed reference
It is a combination of Relative and Absolute references. In this type of reference, either row or
column has to remain fixed.
Example: $A1+A$2

3. Differentiate between Absolute and Relative cell referencing.

Absolute referencing: Absolute referencing is used when you do not want to change the address
of the cell while copying the formula to another cell. For this purpose, you need to add the dollar
symbol ($) before the column and row number.

Relative referencing: Relative reference is used when you copy or move the formula to the other
cells, the reference cell automatically gets changed.

SUB TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO CHARTS

1. Define Chart.
Ans. A chart is a graphical representation of data in a worksheet. It helps to provide a better
understanding of large quantities of data. Charts make it easy to draw comparisons, see growth
and relationship among the values.

2. What is the use of inserting chart in a Calc worksheet?

Ans. Inserting Charts in a worksheet provides a better understanding of large quantities of data
and make it easy to draw comparisons, see growth and relationship among the values, and trends
in data.

3. What is the default chart type of Open Office Calc?

Ans. Column Chart is the default chart type of MS Excel.

4. Define chart wall.

Ans. Chart wall is a window within the chart area. It contains the actual chart itself and includes
plotted data, data series, category and value axis.

UNIT- V DIGITAL PRESENTATION

MIND MAP
 Digital presentation

Characteristics Working Applying Inserting Slide Master

with slide Animation images

 Well Design  Copying  Using Custom  Pictures  Creating a

 Use of color Slides Animation  Shapes Slide
 Animation  Moving  Removing an  Grouping Master
and Videos  Deleting Animation Objects  Slide
Transition

Basics
1. Handouts- hardcopy of pages
2. Workspace- Working Area where contents are entered
3. Slide Layout- basic look of slide
4. Template- Existing designs
5. Watermark- faded image of a design as background
6. Animation- A special effect that applies to a single element on a slide such as text, a shape,
an image, and so on.
7. Slide Transition- To set the style of display of slides.

SUB TOPIC: CHARACTRISTICS OF GOOD PRESENTATION

Answer the Following Questions:

1. What is a Presentation?
Ans. A Presentation is a collection of slides arranged in a sequential manner to convey, persuade,
motivate, and entertain or to provide information. It can be projected on a big screen by attaching
the computer with a multimedia projector.

2. List the different elements of a presentation.

Ans. A presentation has the following elements:

a. Regular Text, Lists items b. Background and Title c. Graphical elements like, Clip
Arts, Shapes, Diagrams, 3D objects, Table, etc. d. Audio and videos

e. Transitions and animation f. Footer g. Date and time h. Slide number

3. Distinguish between slide and slide show.

Ans. A slide can be defined as a digital or an electronic page of a presentation.

A slide show is a sequential display of slides, which is shown to the audience with an objective of
providing information and exchanging ideas/views on a particular topic.

4. List any three presentation software.

Ans. Three presentation software are: Open Office Impress, Microsoft PowerPoint and Google
Slides.

5. What points should you remember while making a Presentation?

Ans. You should follow certain guidelines to create a good quality presentation as listed below:

a. Well designed b. Number of lines c. Use of colours d. Format for

Perfection

e. Use high quality graphics f. Animation and videos g. Correct use of Grammar and
Language

h. Keep it simple i. Minimal use of facts and figures j. Well edited k. Powerful first
impression

SUB TOPIC: GETTING STARTED WITH OPEN OFFICE IMPRESS

1. How do you launch OpenOffice Impress?

Ans. Open the OpenOffice using the Start menu or Search bar. The OpenOffice window appears.
Double click on Presentation.

2. What is work space in OpenOffice Impress?

Ans. Workspace is the blank area in the middle of the window where a slide is displayed. By
default, a slide appears in Normal view. You can change the default view in Outline view, Notes
view, or Slide Sorter view.

3. Describe the use of Undo and Redo commands. Which toolbar has these commands?
Ans. Undo: It reverses the last given command or the last entry you typed. To select a previous
operation up to which you want to reverse, click on the arrow next to the Undo icon on the
Standard toolbar.
Redo: It reverses the action of the last Undo command. To select the Undo step that you want to
reverse, click on the arrow next to the Redo icon on the Standard Toolbar.

4. How can you create a new presentation with the black slide?
Ans. You can create a new presentation by using any of the following ways:
Click on File > New > Presentation. Or Press Ctrl+ N.

5. How do you save a Presentation in PDF?

Ans. To create the PDF of your presentation, follow these steps:
 Click on the File menu and select the Export as PDF option.
 Click on the Export button.
 The Export dialog box appears. Select the location where you want to keep your PDF file.
 Enter the name in the File name box. Click on the Save button.

SUB TOPIC: WORKING WITH SLIDES

1. Write the keyboard shortcut to insert a new slide in a presentation.
Ans. Ctrl +M

2. How can you copy and move contents in slides.

Ans. To copy the text, follow these steps:
 Select the text that is to be copied
 Click on the Edit menu and select the Copy option

3. Write the keyboard shortcuts to Cut, Copy and Paste slide contents.
Ans. Cut – Ctrl+ X, Copy – Ctrl+ C, Paste – Ctrl+ V

4. What is zoom slider?

Ans. Zoom slider helps you zoom in or zoom out the slide view as per your requirement.

5. List the different presentation views available in Impress.

Ans. Various presentation views available in Impress are:
a. Normal view
b. Outline view
c. Notes view
d. Slides Sorter view

6. How do you insert a bulleted list in your document?

Ans. To insert bullets list, follow these steps:
 Place the pointer from where you want to start the list item.
 Click on the Toggle Bulleted List on the Text Formatting toolbar.
 A bullet or a number appears in the document. Type your text and press the Enter
key.
 The bullet or number will automatically appear on the next line.

SUB TOPIC: FORMATTING TEXT AND APPLYING ANIMATION

1. What are the different ways to format text in OpenOffice Impress?

Ans. Different ways to format text:
 The text formatting toolbar
 The options available under format menu
 The keyboard shortcuts

2. How will you open Text Formatting toolbar?

Ans. Right - click within the text area of the In-Place Text Editor, and click Editor Settings > Show
Toolbar.

3. Write different types of horizontal text alignments.

Ans. There are four types of horizontal text alignments:

 Left Alignment
 Centered Alignment
 Right alignment
 Justified alignment

4. What is Custom Animation? How will you apply animation in the object?

Ans. Custom animation is a set of effects which can be applied to objects in the slides so that they
will animate during the slide show.

5. How will you change font colour in the custom animation?

Ans. To change the font colour, select the text and click on the Font color button. The color Palette
appears.

Select the required colour.

6. How will you remove custom animation?

Ans. To remove custom animation:

 On the custom animation dialog box, select the desired object.

 Click on Remove button

SUB TOPIC: WORKING WITH TABLES

1. How to insert a table using Insert menu in an impress slide?

Ans. To insert a table in a slide follow these steps:

 Choose Insert > table

 The Insert Table dialog box appears
 Enter the values in the fields of the Number of columns and Number of rows.
 Click on OK

2. What are the various options present in the Table properties.

Ans. Font, Font effects, Borders and Background of the table.

SUB TOPIC: INSERTING AND FORMATTING IMAGE IN A PRESENTATION

1. How will you insert an image from the gallery?

Ans. To insert an image from the gallery follow these steps:

 Click on the insert menu select the picture option

 Insert picture dialogue box appears.
 Select the folder from where you want to insert the picture
 Choose the desired picture and click on open.

2. Is it possible to insert an image as a link in a slide? If yes, briefly explain the procedure to do
the same.

Ans. Yes, Select the picture that you want to use as a hyperlink. Select Insert > Hyperlink and
select an option: Place in This Document: Link to a specific slide in your presentation.

3. Which key is used to resize the shape uniformly?

Ans. Shift key

4. What are the advantages of grouping shapes?

Ans. Grouping shapes lets you rotate, flip, resize, or arrange them together.
 SUB TOPIC: WORKING WITH SLIDE MASTER

1. What do you understand by Presentation Themes in OpenOffice Impress?

Ans. Presentation themes are the sets of Pre designed formats that include text, layout,
background, colour schemes etc., which can be applied to any presentation in order to enhance its
appearance.

2. What is slide transition? Why do you apply it in your presentation?

Ans. Slide transition is the visual motion when one slide changes to the next during a presentation
like Roll down from top or Fly in from left, etc.

3. How will you make your slides advance automatically to the next slide after a certain duration
during a slide show?

Ans. Choose ‘On Mouse Click’ available in the Advance slide section, else select ‘Automatically
after’ for automatic advancement and also specify the duration for which a particular slide stays
visible.

4. How will you add an image in the background of your slide?

Ans. To add an image in your slide.

 Select the slide you want to add a background picture.
 Select Design > Format Background. ...
 In the Format Background pane, select Picture or texture fill.
 Select File.
 In the Insert Picture dialog box, choose the picture you want to use and then select Insert.

Part-A (UNIT-IV) GREEN SKILLS

MIND MAP
 Basics:
1. Deforestation- Cutting down of trees
2. Ecosystem- Where all kinds if living beings live together
3. Green Economy- Reducing Environmental risks or ecological imbalance
4. Mining- Extracting minerals

SUB TOPIC: ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

D. Answer in One or Two Sentences:

1. What do you understand by overexploitation of natural resources?

Ans. Overexploitation refers to the overuse of natural resources to such an extent that it almost
reaches a stage of exhaustion.

2. When is ‘Earth Day’ Celebrated?

Ans. Earth Day is celebrated worldwide every year on April 22 to support environmental
protection.

3. Define greenhouse gases.

Ans. Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, and CFCs.

4. What is the full form of three Rs?

Ans. The full form of three Rs are Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse.

5. What do you mean by conservation of environment?

Ans. Conservation of environment means the proper use and management of natural resources.

E. Answer the Following Questions:

1. Explain the composition of biotic and abiotic factors in the environment. Give suitable
examples to distinguish between the two factors.

Ans. Biotic Components: These components consist of all the living organisms within an
ecosystem, for example, plants, animals, birds and other living organisms.

Abiotic Components: These components comprise all the non-living things in an ecosystem, for
example, water, air, soil and minerals.

2. ‘Each ecosystem is unique, but all ecosystems consist of three primary components’.
Comment.

Ans. Each ecosystem is unique, but all ecosystems consist of three primary components:

Autotrophs: They are the producers of energy. Plants make up the majority of the autotrophs in
an ecosystem as they convert energy from the Sun or other sources into food.

Heterotrophs: They are the consumers of energy. These are organisms which depend directly or
indirectly upon the autotrophs for their food. They are also known as consumers. Most of the
heterotrophs are animals.

Non-living matter: It is soil, sediments, leaf litter, and other organic matter found on the ground
or at the bottom of an aquatic system.

3. Can development and conservation of environment go hand-in-hand? Explain your point of

view.

Ans. Yes, development and conservation of environment can go hand-in-hand.

• Waste water generated by industries should be recycled.

• Instead of using non-renewable natural resources, use of renewable natural resources should be
preferred.

• We should use natural resources cautiously so that economic growth and ecological
conservation go hand in hand.

4. What are some of the factors that cause imbalance in an ecosystem?

Ans. Factors that cause imbalance in an ecosystem are Overexploitation of natural resources,
Habitat destruction, Environmental pollution, Greenhouse gas emission, Nuclear weapons, Radio
active wastes, and Biotechnological misuse.

5. Protection of the environment has become an important issue today. Suppose you start a
new venture as an entrepreneur, how will you contribute towards protecting the environment?

Ans. I will contribute in Environment protection as an Entrepreneur in following ways:

• I will start a rainwater harvesting venture to help people save, collect, and store water and will
also add a feature of purifying rainwater.

• I will use three Rs – Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse in my venture to contribute to the conservation
of natural resources.

• Using alternative fuels like CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) in vehicles, instead of petrol and
diesel.

• Using biogas and biofuels.

F. Competency Based Questions:

1. Renu lives in a society where the residents are facing an acute water crisis. Suggest some
ways to the residents to conserve water.

• Rainwater Harvesting
• Making proper Drainage system
• Protecting trees for good rain
• Recycle and reuse water
2. Swati uses wood and cow-dung cakes as fuel in her kitchen. She is not aware that these fuels
pollute the environment. Suggest some alternative eco-friendly fuels to her to avoid air
pollution.

• She can use biogas made from cow dung itself because it is Eco-friendly.
• Use Kerosene, Natural gas (Methane) and LPG instead of wood and cow-dung.

SUB TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF GREEN ECONOMY

Job Opportunities
Involving Green Skills

Agriculture Education and Water

Industries Tourism
Research Management

D. Answer in One or Two Sentences:

1. Enlist any three human activities that cause damage to the environment.
Three human activities that cause damage to the environment are burning fossil fuels, Creating
urban areas, Cutting forests for wood.

2. List any two job opportunities in the green sector.

Two job opportunities in the green sector are:
• Tourism (as eco-tourist guides) and
• Agriculture (as organic farmers or green practitioners).

3. How do greenhouse gasses affect our environment?

Greenhouse gases cause climate change by trapping radiation from the sun and warming the
planet’s surface, they also contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Extreme
weather, food supply disruptions, and increased wildfires are other effects of climate change
caused by greenhouse gases.

4. How do green jobs help in restoring the quality of the environment?

Green jobs involve greater efficiency in the use of energy, water, and material. These jobs help to
protect ecosystems and biodiversity, de-carbonise the economy, and minimise all forms of waste
and pollution.

5. What issues does India aim to address through its green economy initiatives?
India aims to address the following three issues through green economy initiatives:
• Issues of energy scarcity
• Issues of environmental pollution
• Issues of unemployment or underemployment

E. Answer the Following Questions:

1. What is green skill and what is its importance in the present times?

Green skills deal with protecting the environment for the future, creating jobs that protect the
environment, reducing energy consumption, and minimising waste and pollution.
Our life depends on natural resources present in the environment like air, freshwater, and soil. By
emitting pollutants, greenhouse gases, and waste, we cause drastic and irreversible damage to the
environment. The economic prosperity we are enjoying right now will not last forever because
natural resources are getting consumed at a much faster rate than before. There is already a
scarcity of food, water, fuel, and pure air in many parts of the world.

2. Explain the relationship between man and environment. How does one impact the other?
Environment and human activities are closely linked to each other, one impacts the other.
Therefore, by gradually damaging the natural environment and depleting the natural resources by
their activities, humans are threatening their very own existence.
The environment affects people
• Climate
• Water availability
• Shelter availability
• Soil for plant growth

People affect the environment

• Burning fossil fuels
• Creating urban areas
• Cutting forests for wood
• Flushing waste into rivers

3. Explain the concept of social inclusion.

Social inclusion essentially means sharing the responsibility as well as the benefits of economic
growth across all sections of society. The shift towards green practices require investments by
both, private and public sectors leading to the growth in income and employment through green
jobs.

4. How can the youth benefit from the Green Skills Development Programme (GSDP) of the
government of India?
The Green Skills Development Programme (GSDP) aims to target a large number of people who
will be trained as per the needs of the green sector.
Youth benefit from the following:
• train green skilled workers with technical knowledge and commitment to conserve and preserve
the environment.
• generate new jobs for green skilled workers who will help to protect ecosystems and
biodiversity, reduce energy consumption, and minimise waste and pollution.
• preserve or restore environmental quality so that it lasts for future generations.

5. What are the benefits of moving towards green economy?

The benefits of moving towards green economy are:
• Contribution in preventing melting of glaciers and resulting rise of sea level
• Contribution in preventing climate changes such as variations in rainfall, temperature and crop
production, and climate disasters like droughts and floods
• Contribution to fight against global warming, desertification (fertile land becoming infertile), and
loss of biodiversity (the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat)
• Improvement in air, water, and soil quality
• Reduction in disease and deaths of living beings
• Increase in new areas of employment

6. Why is low carbon growth the chief aim of green economy? How do the increased carbon
emissions impact the environment?
The term ‘Low Carbon’ means reduction of all greenhouse gas emissions. Low Carbon Growth is
now generally expressed using the term Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS). LEDS are
generally used to describe the national economic development plans or strategies that include
low-emission and climate-resilient economic growth, which means, economic development that
does not harm the environment.
Increased Carbon emissions impact the environment by following:
• Global warming is causing more wildfires, droughts, and tropical storms.
• Polluted water and soil contaminate vegetation that we eventually consume.

F. Application Based Question:

Imagine you are involved in Green Skill Development Programme. Some students have come
to your office to know about some of the fields covered under this programme. Suggest them
some job opportunities involving green skills.
Some job opportunities involving green skills are:
• Industries (involved in production or manufacturing of green products)
• Agriculture (as organic farmers or green practitioners)
• Education and research sectors
• Water management
• Construction related areas