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lecture_slides_08_082-processes-creating

The document discusses processes in computing, specifically focusing on the fork-exec model used to create new processes. It explains how the fork() system call generates a child process that is a copy of the parent process, and the execve() system call replaces the child's code with a different program. Additionally, it highlights the differences in process creation between Linux and Windows, along with other relevant system calls for process management.

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yihuangece
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4 views

lecture_slides_08_082-processes-creating

The document discusses processes in computing, specifically focusing on the fork-exec model used to create new processes. It explains how the fork() system call generates a child process that is a copy of the parent process, and the execve() system call replaces the child's code with a different program. Additionally, it highlights the differences in process creation between Linux and Windows, along with other relevant system calls for process management.

Uploaded by

yihuangece
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University

 of  Washington  

Sec3on  8:  Processes  


¢ What  is  a  process  
¢ Crea3ng  processes  
¢ Fork-­‐Exec  

Processes  
University  of  Washington  

Crea3ng  New  Processes  &  Programs  


¢ fork-­‐exec  model:  
§ fork()  creates  a  copy  of  the  current  process  
§ execve()  replaces  the  current  process’  code  &  address  space  with  
the  code  for  a  different  program  

¢ fork()  and  execve()  are  system  calls  


§ Note:  process  crea:on  in  Windows  is  slightly  different  from  Linux’s  fork-­‐
exec  model  

¢ Other  system  calls  for  process  management:  


§ getpid()
§ exit()
§ wait()  /  waitpid()

Processes  
University  of  Washington  

fork:  Crea3ng  New  Processes  


¢ pid_t fork(void)  
§ creates  a  new  process  (child  process)  that  is  iden:cal  to  the  calling  
process  (parent  process)  
§ returns  0  to  the  child  process  
§ returns  child’s  process  ID  (pid)  to  the  parent  process  
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
printf("hello from child\n");
} else {
printf("hello from parent\n");
}

¢ fork  is  unique  (and  oHen  confusing)  because  it  is  called  once  
but  returns  twice  

Processes  
University  of  Washington  

Understanding  fork  
Process  n   Child  Process  m  
pid_t pid = fork(); pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) { if (pid == 0) {
printf("hello from child\n"); printf("hello from child\n");
} else { } else {
printf("hello from parent\n"); printf("hello from parent\n");
} }

pid_t pid = fork(); pid_t pid = fork();


if (pid == 0) { if (pid == 0) {
pid  =  m   printf("hello from child\n"); pid  =  0   printf("hello from child\n");
} else { } else {
printf("hello from parent\n"); printf("hello from parent\n");
} }

pid_t pid = fork(); pid_t pid = fork();


if (pid == 0) { if (pid == 0) {
printf("hello from child\n"); printf("hello from child\n");
} else { } else {
printf("hello from parent\n"); printf("hello from parent\n");
} }

hello from parent Which  one  is  first?   hello from child
Processes  
University  of  Washington  

Fork  Example  
¢ Parent  and  child  both  run  the  same  code  
§ Dis:nguish  parent  from  child  by  return  value  from  fork()
§ Which  runs  first  aIer  the  fork()  is  undefined
¢ Start  with  same  state,  but  each  has  a  private  copy  
§ Same  variables,  same  call  stack,  same  file  descriptors…  
void fork1()
{
int x = 1;
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
printf("Child has x = %d\n", ++x);
} else {
printf("Parent has x = %d\n", --x);
}
printf("Bye from process %d with x = %d\n", getpid(), x);
}

Processes  

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