Undergraduate

Database Management
Systems

Lecture 1

Hamza Shaukat
[email protected]

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Introduction

Education
Information Technology University, Lahore
• MS in Electrical Engineering
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Military College of Signals,
Rawalpindi
• BS in Electrical (Telecommunication) Engineering

Work Experience
Sept 2019- Aug 2023 | Research Associate | IMAL Lab
To create an automation solution using the latest programming language and
techniques.

Research Work
LabView-based Automated Motor Test Bench or Induction Motors

Health Monitoring and Power Quality Analysis of Induction Motors at Tube Well
Sites of WASA Lahore

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Objectives of the course
• Developing and managing efficient and effective database applications
requires understanding the fundamentals of database management
systems, techniques for the design of databases, and principles of
database administration.
• This course emphasized database concepts, developments, use and
management in three main sections: database concepts, practice, and
emerging trends.
• Relational database systems are the focus, but other types, are studied.
Practical design of databases and developing database applications
using modern software tools will be emphasized.

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Tentative Course Modules
• Introduction to Databases
• Relational Databases
• Data Manipulation Language (DML) Queries
• Stored Procedures and Triggers
• Entity Relationship Modelling
• Relationship Database Design by ER
• Normalization

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Books
Text Book:
• Fundamentals of Database Systems (7th
edition) by Ramez Elmasri

Reference Books
• An Introduction to Database Systems by C. J.
Date
• Database Management Systems by Raghu
Ramakrishnan

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Tentative Grading Policy
Theory: 67 Quizzes: 10 %
Assignments: 10 %
Mid Exam: 30 %
End Semester Exam: 50 %
Labs: 33 Lab Tasks and Viva: 20
Project – Presentation /
Report: 13
Total: 100

Quizzes can be announced and un-announced

• If missed, ZERO grade will be assigned for that quiz

Cheating – Don’t do this

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Attendance & Plagiarism Policy
• 75% attendance is mandatory to appear in the final exam, as per
university's policy
• Please don’t copy from others, and don’t let others copy your
work

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Modern Day Impact of Data
• In 2008, an estimated 14.7 Exabyte (that’s a billion gigabytes) of data
was created.
• This growth in data produced and collected is profound—and as
COVID-19 has caused disruption to economies, businesses, and lives
around the world, it has become more urgent to not only marvel at the
scale of all this data but also to understand how it’s being put to work.

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Types of Databases and Database Application

Traditional Applications:
• Numeric and Textual Database

More Recent Applications:

• Multimedia Databases
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Biological and Genome Databases
• Data Warehouses
• Mobile databases
• Real-time and Active Databases

Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Recent Developments

Social Networks started capturing a lot of information

about people and about communications among people,
tweets, photos, and videos in systems such as:
• Facebook

• Linked-In

All of the above constitutes data

Search Engines- Google, Bing, Yahoo : collect their own

repository of web pages for searching purposes

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Recent Developments

New Technologies are emerging from the so-called

non-database software vendors to manage vast
amounts of data generated on the web.

Big Data storage systems involving large clusters of

distributed computers

NOSQL (Not Only SQL) systems

A large amount of data now resides on the “cloud” which

means it is in huge data centers using thousands of
machines.
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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Basic Definitions

Database: A database is a shared collection of logically

related data that is stored to meet the requirements of
different users of an organization.

Data: Known facts that can be recorded and have an

implicit meaning.

MiniWorld: Some part of the real world about which data

is stored in a database. For example, student grades
and transcripts at a university

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Example of Database Use Case

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Basic Definitions

Database Management Systems: Software package/

system to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a
computerized database

Database System: The DBMS software together with the

data itself. Sometimes, the applications are also
included.

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Simplified Database System Environment

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Major Operation of DBMS

• Defining
• Construction
• Manipulation
• Sharing

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Example of a Database

Mini-world for the example:

• Part of a UNIVERSITY environment
Some mini-world entities:
• STUDENTs
• COURSEs
• SECTIONs (of COURSEs)
• Grade Report
• Prerequisites

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Faculty of Engineering
 Example of a Database

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Traditional File Processing

Library Accounts

Library Application Accounts Application

Registration Registration
Data Files Data Files

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Main Characteristics of the Database Approach

Self-describing nature of a database system:

• A DBMS catalog stores the description of a particular
database (e.g. data structures, types, and constraints)
• The description is called meta-data
• This allows the DBMS software to work with different database
applications.
Insulation between programs and data:
• Called program-data independence
• Allows changing data structures and storage organization
without having to change the DBMS access programs

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Example of a Simplified Database Catalog

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Main Characteristics of the Database Approach

Data Abstraction:
• A data model is used to hide storage details and present the
users with a conceptual view of the database
• Programs refer to the data model constructs rather than data
storage details
Support of multiple views of the data:
• Each user may see a different view of the database, which
describes only the data of interest to that user.

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Multiple views of the data

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering
 Advantages of Using the Database Approach

Controlling redundancy in data storage and in

development and maintenance efforts.
• Sharing of data among multiple users.
Restricting unauthorized access to data. Only the
DBA staff uses privileged commands and facilities.
• Each user may see a different view of the database, which
describes only the data of interest to that user.
Providing backup and recovery services.
Providing multiple interfaces to different classes of
users.
Representing complex relationships among data.

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Information Technology University (ITU)

Faculty of Engineering