WHAT IS JAVA PROGRAMMING?

Java is a general-purpose, class-based, object-oriented programming language that

features fewer implementation dependencies than other languages. Java offers a
high degree of reliability and platform independence, which makes it one of the
most widely used programming languages in the world. It was first released by Sun
Microsystems in 1995.
What Is Java Used For?
Java is a general-purpose programming language used for developing software
applications, Android apps, server-side technology and more.
Java is one of the world’s most widely used programming languages, designed to
have as few implementation dependencies as possible to allow compiled Java code
the ability to run on all platforms that support Java, without the need for
recompilation.
Due to Java’s widespread support and object-oriented capabilities, it’s used for a
wide range of purposes, such as client-server web applications, Android
applications and analytic data processing. The programming language, as well as
the accompanying software that helps developers write and operate it effectively,
offers a high degree of versatility and has continually adapted over the years to
remain consistent with developer demands. On the other hand, highly efficient and
recently developed languages have emerged to replace Java for certain use cases.
For example, Kotlin has largely replaced Java as the language used in Android
application development.
Features of Java
The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it
portable, simple and secure programming language. Apart from this, there are also
some excellent features which play an important role in the popularity of this
language. The features of Java are also known as Java buzzwords.
A list of the most important features of the Java language is given below.

1. Simple
2 .Object-Oriented
3 .PortablePlatform independent
4.Secured
5.Robust
6.Architecture neutral
7.Interpreted
8.High Performance
9.Multithreaded
10.Distributed
11.Dynamic
Applications Of Java
We have summarized the applications of Java programming language in the
following diagram:

Let’s now discuss some in detail;

#1) Desktop GUI Applications
Java language provides a lot of features that help us to develop GUI applications.
Java provides AWT, Swing API or Java Foundation Classes, or the latest JavaFX (from
Java 8 onwards). These APIs/features help us develop advanced GUI applications
including advanced tree-based or even 3D graphical applications.
Real-world desktop tools developed using Java:
 Acrobat Reader
 ThinkFree
#2) Web Applications
Java provides features for web development as well as Servlets, Struts, Spring,
hibernate, JSPs, etc. that allow us to develop highly secured easily program
software.
Real-World Web Tools using Java:
 Amazon
 Broadleaf
 Wayfair
#3) Mobile Applications
Java language provides a feature named J2ME which is a cross-platform framework
to build mobile applications that can run across Java-supported smartphones and
feature phones.
One of the popular mobile operating systems Android is developed using Java-based
Android SDK.
Popular Java-based mobile apps:
 Netflix
 Tinder
 Google Earth
 Uber
#4) Enterprise Applications
Java is the first choice for developing enterprise programs mainly because of its
powerful features delivering high performance. Apart from performance, Java also
makes applications more powerful, secure, and easily scalable.
Java language has the Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) platform that comes with API
and runtime environment features for scripting and running enterprise software,
network tools, and web services.
According to Oracle, almost 97% of enterprise computers are running on Java. The
higher performance and faster computing provided by Java have resulted in most
enterprise applications being developed in Java.
Real-time Enterprise Applications using Java:
 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
 Customer Resource Management (CRM) systems
#5) Scientific Applications
Java has powerful security and robustness features that make it popular for
developing scientific applications. Java also provides powerful mathematical
calculations that give the same results on different platforms.
Most popular Java-based scientific tool:
 Mat lab
#6) Web Servers & Applications Servers
The entire Java ecosystem has numerous applications and web servers as of today.
Among web servers, we have Apache Tomcat, Project Jigsaw, Rimfaxe Web Server
(RWS), Jo! Etc. dominates the space.
Similarly, application servers like WebSphere, JBoss, WebLogic, etc. are dominating
the industry commercially.
#7) Embedded Systems
Embedded systems are low-level systems that form a part of the larger
electromechanical systems. These are tiny chips, processors, etc., and are also
called integrated systems.
Java can produce robust tools that can handle application exceptions efficiently and
are fast too as it is better for developing low-level programs.
Embedded systems applications using Java:
 SIM cards use Java technology
 Blue-ray disc player
#8) Server Apps In Financial Industry
Financial institutions like banks and investors need various software programs to run
their day-to-day business like front and back office electronic trading systems,
writing settlement and confirmation systems, data processing, etc.
Java is mostly used for these tools to write server-side applications that receive data
from one server, process it, and send the processed data to the other servers or
processes.
Most of the leading financial institutions like Barclays, Citi group, Goldman Sach,
etc. use Java-based software tools for their business.
#9) Software Tools
Many software tools used for development are written in Java. For example, IDEs
like Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and Net beans are all written and developed in Java.
These are also the most popular desktop GUI-based tools used today. Earlier swing
and AWT were the features that are mostly used to develop Software but nowadays
JavaFx has become more popular.
#10) Trading Applications
The popular trading application Murex, which is used in many banks for front-to-
bank connectivity, is written in Java.
#11) J2ME Apps
Apart from iOS and android based mobile handsets, there are handsets from Nokia
and Samsung that use J2ME. J2ME is also popular with products like Blu-ray, Cards,
Set-Top Boxes, etc. The popular application WhatsApp available on Nokia is available
in J2ME.
#12) Big Data Technologies
Big data is the most popular and trending topic in the software industry today. Big
data deals with analyzing and systematically extracting information from complex
data sets.
An open framework that is associated with Big data is called Hadoop and is entirely
written in Java. With features like automatic garbage collection, memory
distribution, and stack provision system, Java gets an edge over other technologies.
We can safely say that Java is the future of Big data.
Real-time Java-based Big data Technologies:
 Hadoop
 Apache HBase
 ElasticSearch
 Accumulo

Most Popular Java Frameworks

Frameworks are tools that are used to develop applications. A framework is
developed to make the developer’s life simpler and free of coding hazards so that
developers can focus on business logic rather than coding jargon.
Choosing a particular framework for development depends on the tool that we are
developing. If an application requires a lot of UI design, then we may choose a
framework that provides rich UI developing tools and API.
Similarly, if we want to build a web application, we will choose a framework that
provides a range of web APIs. So choosing the right framework depends mostly on
applications being developed, visual aspects, database support, and other factors.
In this section, we will present brief information on some of the popular Java
frameworks that are widely used in today’s time.
We do not claim that one framework is better than the other; this is just a list that
provides us with handy information regarding various Java frameworks.
Where is Java used in the real world?
Java is used in almost all fields, be it financial, e-commerce, enterprise, mobile,
distributed, or big data applications. For example, most of the financial software
used by big players like Citigroup, Barclays, etc. is Java-based. E-commerce giant
Amazon uses Java-based applications for its operations.
Similarly, several data processing and scientific projects use Java technologies.
How is Java useful in our daily life?
We can use Java in our daily lives to create any software however small or big.
These tools can run on a single computer or in distributed systems. They can be a
small module, a big application, or even an applet. Hence Java can serve our every
need.
Does Google use Java?
Yes, the Google Docs application is Java-based.
Which apps use Java?
Here are some of the popular apps developed in Java:
1. IntelliJIDEA
2. IDE
3. Eclipse
4. Murex
5. Google Android API

USAGE
HOW TO INSTALL THE JAVA PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
INSTALLER:
Part1 Downloading the Java Software Development Kit

1 Navigate
to https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html. You can
download a simple Java Software Development Kit (JDK) installer for Windows,
macOS, or Linux directly from Oracle.

2 Click the Download button beneath “JDK.” This will open a new page containing
several download options.[1]
3 Scroll to the latest version of Java SE Development Kit. You should always use the
latest stable version of the toolkit. There may be more than one version listed, so
look closely at the release number.

 For example, if you are presented with JDK 8u101 and 8u102, choose 8u102.

4 Click the radio button next to "Accept License Agreement.” Before you can click
the download link, you must accept the license agreement. The option is just
beneath the JDK version number.

5 Sign in or register a new account. Before you can download the file, you must sign
in an Oracle account. If you already have a account with Oracle, sign in with the
email address and username associated with your account. If you do not have
account, click Create account and fill out the form to create an account.

6.Click the download link for your operating system. You can download Java SE JDK
for Windows, macOS, or Linux. Once you click the link, follow the prompts to select
a save location on your computer and start the download.

PART2
Installing on Windows

1 Double-click the JDK installer file. Once you’ve downloaded the Java Software
Development Kit installer, navigate to the download location you chose earlier to
launch the installer. By default, downloaded files can be found in your Downloads
folder. You can also open the file from within your web browser.
 The file name for the Java Software Development Kit installer is "dk-
13.0.2_windows-x64_bin.exe" or "jdk-13.0.2_windows-x64_bin.zip". If you
download the ZIP file, you will need to extract the contents of the zip file.
2 Allow the app to make changes to your computer. Depending on your version of
Windows, you may be prompted to give permission for JDK to install. Click “Yes” or
“OK” when prompted, and the installer’s Welcome screen will appear.

3 Click Next to continue. Now you’ll move through a series of screens that will guide
you through the JDK installation.

4 Click Next to accept the default installation settings. This will begin the
installation, which may take a few minutes depending on your computer. The green
progress bar will show the progress of the installation.

5 Click Close when the installation is complete. This button will not appear until the
installer has finished.

6 Open the Windows Advanced System Settings in the Control Panel. Use the
following steps to navigate to the Advanced System Settings in the Control Panel:
 Click the Windows Start menu and type Control Panel.
 Click the Control Panel.
 Click System and Security.
 Click System.
 Click Advanced System Settings in the panel to the left.
7 Navigate to the Advanced tab. You’ll see a few different areas where you can
adjust various system settings.

8 Click the Environment Variables button. This new dialog box displays two separate
areas—one for User Variables (settings specific to your user account) and another
for system-wide settings (System Variables).

9 Double-click the Path variable under “System Variables.” Now you’ll add a new
variable. Follow these instructions exactly, as there is no “undo” option.

10 Edit the environment variables (Windows 10 only). This step only applies to
Windows 10. Use the following steps to edit the environment variables:
 Click New
 Type c:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_xx\bin (but replace the “8.0_xx” part with
the version number you installed).
 Click the Move Up button until the path you typed appears at the top of the
list.

11 Set the variable (Older versions of Windows only). Skip this step if you’re using
Windows 10. You should see the “Edit System Variable” window. Make the following
changes to the “Variable value” field only (don’t delete what’s there though):
 Type C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_xx\bin (but replace the “8.0_xx”
with the correct version number) in FRONT of the other directories.
 Add a semicolon (;) to the very end of what you just typed, just like
this: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_xx\bin;
 There should be no space before or after the semicolon, so the entire
line should look something like this: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_2\
bin;C:\Program Files\Intel\xxx
 Click OK.
 Click OK until you’ve closed all open windows.
12 Open the Command Prompt
. Use the following steps to open the Command Prompt:[7]
 Right-click the windows start menu and type cmd.
 Click the Command Prompt icon.

13 Type path and press ↵ Enter. You should see the full path to the JDK that you
entered earlier.

Type java –version and press ↵ Enter. The version of JDK you installed will now
14

appear on the screen.

 If either part of this command-prompt test does not produce results,
you may need to load the new environment variables by rebooting the
computer
RENZ MARIEL RETALLA
BSIT-2