SPECIALIZATION 1

Topic 3: Urban Planning Approach

Prepared by: Archt. Roberto N. Dyquiangco Jr., UAP
What is Road Pattern?

When the road is constructed in patterns like

rectangular, radial, hexagonal, etc for the proper
management of traffic and also to interconnect
the branch roads with main roads then it is called
road pattern.
What is Road Pattern?

The main principle of road patterns is to reduce

the time and distance that the vehicle takes to
reach the destination place. It also focuses on the
interconnection of branch roads.
What is Road Pattern?

It increases the response time of normal vehicles

as well as emergency vehicles like ambulances,
fire engines, etc. to reach the destination place.
What is Road Pattern?

Road Pattern also plays a vital role in the

management of traffic but it is neglected by most
countries. There are 6 types of road patterns that
are mostly used.
1. Rectangular or Block Pattern
2. Radial or Star and Block Pattern
3. Radial or Star and Circular Pattern
4. Radial or Star and Grid Pattern
5. Hexagonal Pattern
6. Minimum Travel Pattern
Rectangular or Block Pattern

 a. In this pattern; the whole area is divided into rectangular blocks.

 b. Streets or branch roads intersect with each other at the right
angle.
 c. The main roads always pass through the centre and it should be
wide enough.
 d. Branch roads may be narrow as compared to main roads.
 e. The main roads should be provided with a direct approach to
outside the city.
 Pros
 The rectangular blocks can be further fractioned into small rectangles that may
be used for the construction of buildings placed back to back, having roads on
their front.
 It is widely adopted on city roads.
 Construction and Maintenance is quite easy.

 Cons
 It is not convenient because roads are perpendicular to each other. This
increases the rate of accidents due to poor visibility at a perpendicular junction.
Radial or Star and Block Pattern

 It is a combination of star and block patterns.

 The entire area is divided into a radial network of
roads radiating from the centre outwardly with a
block pattern network of roads in between the
radial main streets.
 Pros
 ~ Less risky as compared to the rectangular pattern.
 ~ It reduces the level of congestion at the primary bottleneck location.
 ~ If one radial road is blocked then another can be used as an alternative.
 Cons
 ~ Lack of safety appurtenances like rail transitions, crash attenuators and
post support bases.
 ~ It is only effective when two-lane ramp traffic does not have to merge at
the downstream end of the ramp.
Radial or Star and Circular Pattern

 It is the pattern in which the main

roads(radial roads) radiates from the central
point and are connected with concentric
roads(ring roads) that are also radiating
outwardly.
Pros
 It is safe as compared to the above patterns because
vehicles travel in the same direction.
 Roundabouts present in this pattern improves the efficiency of
traffic flow. This also reduces fuel consumption and emissions
of the vehicle.
 Using a circular pattern in place of traffic signals reduces the
possibility of rear-end crashes.
 Cons
 Providing a good curve during the implementation of this pattern is quite
challenging.
 It affects the driving ability. Mainly, old drivers face this problem due to
declines(decrease) in vision, hearing, and cognitive functions.
 There is necessary proper provision of the traffic signal, road markings and
lighting to alert the drivers that they are approaching a roundabout.
 Splitter Islands should be extended far enough to provide pedestrian
refuge (crosswalk) and to delineate(describe ) the roundabout.
Radial or Star and Grid Pattern (WEB LIKE
PATTERN)

This pattern is formed by the combination of Star

and Grid Pattern.
As in other, a radial network of road radiates from
the centre outwardly. Then, the main radial streets
are interconnected by providing a grid pattern.
MEXICO, PLAZA DEL EJECUTIBO
Pros
It increases the efficiency of land usage and unit density.
It improves the traffic flow in both directions utilizing
Savannah’s cellular structure.
It provides high safety to vehicular traffic with a high
proportion of 3-way intersections.
It reduces the cut-through traffic.
Cons
Splitter islands should be extended far enough.
High construction cost because of the need for extra
traffic signals, road marking and lighting.
Hexagonal Pattern (COLONIES)

 In this, the entire area is divided into hexagonal

patterns.
 Three roads meet the built-up area boundary by
the sides of the hexagons at every corner of the
hexagon which can be further divided into
suitable sizes.
Minimum Travel Pattern

In this, the city centre is connected with

suburban centres and neighbour centres
with the shortest roads. To make the road
short; road alignment is made straight.
CONCLUSION

 THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF ROAD PATTERNS,

EACH HAS ITS OWN ADBVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGES. THE CHOICE OF ROAD PATTERN
EPENDS ON VARIOUS FACTORS SUCH AS LOCALITY,
LAYOUT OF CITY AND PLANNING ENGINEER.
LOCAL MOVEMENTS

ONE OF THE PRIMARY CONSIDERATIONS IN

UNDERSTANDING THE CIRVULATION PATTERNS OF A CITY IS
BREAKING IT INTO TWO: PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR
MOVEMENT
A BASIC URBAN DESIGN CONCEPT IS TO PROVIDE
PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENTS, WHILE STILL
INEVITABLY ACCOMODATING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
LOCAL MOVEMENTS

SEPARATE ROUTES CAN BE DESIGNED FOR EACH TYPE OF

MODE, WITH MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM COMPLIMENTING
PEDESTRIANS
IT IS IDEAL HOWEVER TO MIX VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN
ROUTES IN ONE URBAN PATTERN WITHOUT COMPROMISING
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY NOR LIMITING THE WALKING
EXPERIENCE
THE SEVEN CITY FUNCTIONS

ECONOMIC- A BASIC AND CONTINUING FUNCTION OF

ACTING AS PRODUCERS AND MARKETPLACES. CITIES ARE
BUILT AS STRATEGIC POINTS FOR THE EXCHANGE OF
GOODS AND SERVICES.
DEFENSE AND PROTECTION- HISTORIC URBAN FUNCTIONS
OF A CITY, THAT ARE RATHER OBSOLETE TODAY
THE SEVEN CITY FUNCTIONS

WORSHIP AND GOVERNANCE- PREVIOUSLY THE PRIME

FUNCTION OF THE CITY REDUCED TO SECONDARY STATUS
TODAY
TRANSPORTATION- GREATLY INFLUENCES THE SIZE AND
LOCATIO OF CITIES. TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY HAS
SHAPED PRESENT DAY URBAN PATTERNS
THE SEVEN CITY FUNCTIONS

EDUCATION- THIS FUCTION IS DUE TO DIVERISTY OF PEOPLE,

IDEAS, JOBS ETC
CULTURAL- CLOSELY RELATED TO EDUCATION AND
WORSHIPPING FUNCTIONS, AND TOO FTEN SACRIFICED IN
FAVOR OF TEMPORARY ECONOMIC CONCERNS
HOUSING- THE LARGEST AND SIMPLEST FUNCTION OF THE
CITY