Scribd
Upload
1 views

Mod2 Tutorial 1

Uploaded by

deepaselvaranis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

Mod2 Tutorial 1

Uploaded by

deepaselvaranis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering

21LD22 – Analog and Digital Communication


Module 2 / Tutorial 2
Single-Tone Modulation

1. What is the modulation index in a frequency modulated signal with a modulation frequency of 500 Hz
and frequency deviation of 10 kHz?
Solution:

The modulation index (β) in frequency modulation is given by:

β=Δf/fm

Where:

Δf=10 kHz=10,000 Hz (frequency deviation)

fm=500 Hz (modulation frequency)

β=10,000/500=20

2. For a frequency-modulated signal with carrier frequency fc=200 kHz, modulation frequency
fm=1 kHz, and peak frequency deviation Δf=5 kHz, write the expression for instantaneous frequency
at t=0.5 ms.
Solution:

The instantaneous frequency fi(t) is given by:

fi(t)=fc+Δfsin(2πfmt)

Substitute t=0.5 ms=0.0005 s, fc=200 kHz, Δf=5 kHz and fm=1.

fi(0.5)=200+5sin(2π×1000×0.0005)=200+5sin(π)=200 kHz

The instantaneous frequency at t=0.5 ms is 200 kHz.

3. A 90 MHz carrier wave is frequency modulated by a 10 kHz sinusoidal signal, resulting in a


frequency deviation of 15 kHz. Calculate the bandwidth of the FM signal using Carson’s rule.

Solution:

Carson’s rule for estimating the bandwidth of an FM signal is:

BW=2(Δf+fm)
1
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering

Substituting the values:


BW=2(15+10)=2×25=50 kHz

The bandwidth of the FM signal is 50 kHz.

4. A carrier wave of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal signal of amplitude 5 V
and frequency 5 kHz. The frequency sensitivity of the modulator is 20 kHz/V. Find the modulation
index of the FM wave.

Solution:

The modulation index in frequency modulation is given by:

β=kfAm

β=20×5=100

The modulation index (β) is 100.

5. A frequency-modulated signal has a carrier frequency of 50 MHz and a modulation index of 10. If the
modulating signal is a sinusoidal wave of 2 kHz, calculate the peak phase deviation of the FM wave.

Solution:

In FM, the peak phase deviation (θp) is equal to the modulation index (β):

θp=β

The peak phase deviation (θp) is 10 radians.

You might also like