SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

132ft RING ROAD, HARIPURA, MANINAGAR (E) , AHMEDABAD-08

CLASS :- 8 SUBJECT:- PHYSICS

LESSON – 8 ELECTRICITY
QUE. 1 CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER

1. At home electricity is used to run

a) Mobile phone b) television
c) Refrigerator d) all of these
2. Static electricity means
a) Flow of electron b) when charge does not flow
c) earthing d) electrons move from a high potential to a lower potential
3. A fuse is always connected to the
a) Neutral wire b) earth wire
c) live wire d) all of these
4. A fuse wire does not have
a) High resistance b) low melting point
c) high melting point d) high resistance and low melting point
5. Miniature circuit breakers are
a) switches b) fuse
c) plugs d) door bells
6. An electroscope is a device to
a) detect presence of charge b) neutralize charge
c) earthing d) measure current
7. A lightning conductor is placed
a) under the building b) on the balcony of a tall building
c) highest point of a building d) on an overhead water tank in a building
8. When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk piece it looses
a) neutron b) electron
c) proton d) a molecule of glass
9. When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur it gains
a) electrons b) protons
c) neutron d) both electrons and protons
10. The method of charging without touching is called
a) conduction b) friction
c) induction d) earthing

QUE. 2 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1. An MCB is connected to the live wire in an electric circuit.

2. Electroscope is a device to identify nature of charge.
3. The atom of an element consists of electrons in definite orbits.
 4. GLE(Gold leaf electroscope) works on the principle of electrostatic repulsion of like charge.
5. Particles that move freely from one atom to another are electrons.
6. The charge produced is opposite when charging a body by conduction.
7. The earth wire is connected to the metal case of appliance.
8. A huge electric discharge in the atmosphere is called lightning.
9. When two charged glass rods are brought close to each other they are seen to repel each other.
10. Static charges may be produced in bad conductors only.

QUE.3 WRITE TRUE OR FALSE

1. In a household circuit, all appliances are connected in series connections .FALSE

2. All electrical appliances should be properly earthed. TRUE
3. Unlike charges repel and like charges attract. FALSE
4. Energy can be destroyed and created. FALSE
5. Opposite charges are produced on bodies when they are rubbed together. TRUE
6. Lightning conductors do not conduct electricity. FALSE
7. The fuse wire has to be replaced. TRUE
8. The leaves diverge in G.L.E. TRUE
9. It is safe to take shelter under a tree during a thunderstorm. FALSE
10. An ebonite rod gains electrons from the piece of fur after being rubbed. TRUE

QUE. 4 MATCH THE FOLLOWING(DIRECT ANSWER)

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Electrons f Negatively charged

2. Lightning conductor e Arrests lightning
3. Electroscope a Detection of charge
4. Fuse b Safety device
5. Protons d Positively charged
6. Frictions c Rubbing

QUE.5 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BRIEFLY.

1. Name four appliances that work on electricity.

Ans. Electric lamp, Fan, computer, T.V.

2. How does a fuse work?

Ans. If the current in a circuit exceeds the specific value, the fuse wire melts(blows off) and hence
breaks the electric circuit in use.

3. What is the law of conservation of charge?

 Ans. According to law of conservation of charge electric current can neither be created nor be
destroyed but can be transferred from one object to another.

4. What is lightning conductor?

Ans. A lightning conductor is long conducting rod fixed at the highest point of a building with its
lower end buried deep into the earth, to conduct the electric discharge during thunderstorm.

5. An ebonite rod is brought near the disc of a negatively charged gold leaf electroscope. What
will conclude if you see the following observations:
(i) The leaves diverge further away from each other?
(ii) The leaves come close together?

Ans. (i) the ebonite rod is negatively charged (or having similar charge as that G.L.E.)

(iii) The ebonite rod is positively charged (or having opposite charge.

QUE. 6 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN DETAIL

1. What precautions should be taken to avoid accident while dealing with electrical appliances?

Ans. Precautions should be taken are:

(i) Never touch switches with wet hand.

(ii) The metal part of an appliance should not be touched with bare hands when they are in use.
(iii) Never put your fingers or any metallic object in the holes of a socket.
(iv) Always use three pin plug so that the earth connector is made with the metal case of the
appliance.
(v) Never cut a cable of an appliance with a pair of scissors when the appliance is in use.
(vi) All electrical appliances should be properly earthed.
(vii) Never touch electrical pole in the street particularly in the rainy season as current may leak
and can give a nasty shock.
(viii) Cover all naked wires and joints with an insulating tape.
(ix) Whenever you touch any part of the circuit, always stand on a rubber mat or wooden board
or use rubber gloves.
(x) In case of a short-circuit and fire, put off the main switch immediately.

2. What common methods should be in practice to prevent wastage of electricity?

Ans. Some common methods to prevent wastage of electricity are:

(i) Light and fans should be switched off when not needed.
(ii) Low electricity consuming appliances should be used. Eg. We should use tube lights in place
of electric bulbs.
(iii) Radio, TV, computer, music system etc. should be switched off when not viewed or listened.
(iv) In household wiring, we should use good quality connecting wires because lot of electric
energy is wasted in the form of heat when poor quality wires are used.

3. Describe the method of charging of a body by (i) friction (ii) conduction by transfer of
electrons.

Ans. CHARGING BY FRICTION :

When two uncharged bodies are rubbed against each other they become charged. One of the
body looses electrons while the other body gains electrons. They become oppositely charged. The
body that looses electrons becomes positively charged and the body that gains electrons becomes
negatively charged. For example, a glass rod rubbed with silk.

CHARGING BY CONDUCTION:

When a charged body is brought in contact with an uncharged body, the uncharged body
gets charged with the same charge. This process is called charging by conduction. There are two
important points of this method are:

 The two bodies must touch each other.

 The charge acquire is similar charge.

4. Draw a neat labeled diagram of a gold leaf electroscope.

Ans. Refer text book page no. 106 (fig. 8.12)

5. Draw a schematic diagram to show the working of lightning conductor.

Ans. Refer text book page no.107 (fig. 8.15)

6. What precautions should one take during lightning and thunderstorm?

Ans. (i) Take off the plugs from their sockets. Do not use the electrical appliances. Wait till the storm
is over.

(ii) Try not use taps, sinks and baths.

(iii) Stay away from objects that conduct electricity, open balconies or terrace.

(IV) If you are outdoors, never take shelter beneath a tree.

QUE. 7 GIVE REASONS FOR THE FOLLOWING

1. It is advantageous to use an MCB than a fuse.

 Whenever a fuse wire blows off, it needs replacement. But in MCB when current exceeds the
specific value it puts off a switch to cut off electric supply. It can be reset when the fault has
been corrected.

2. Household connections are parallel.

 Household appliances are connected in parallel so that each appliance getsan independent path
for current and works at the same voltage.

3. A lightning conductor is placed at the highest point in a building.

 During a thunderstorm, clouds become heavily charged. Hence a gigantic electric discharge or
lighting takes place between the two charged clouds or between cloud and the earth. Hence to
protect the building from electric discharge during thunderstorm lightning conductor is placed
at the highest point in a building with its lower end buried deep into the earth.

4. A fuse is always connected to the live wire.

 A fuse is a circuit element made of highly resistance material such that melts when there is
overloading in the circuit. It is always connected in the live wire as to break the circuit
preventing the connected devices from damage.

5. A metal foil is earthed inside a G.L.E.

 The metal foil inside a G.L.E. is earthed to ensure that the space around the stem and gold
leaves do not carry any charge. As well as when the Gold Leaves are charged due to induction ,
opposite charge is induced in the metal foil and the divergence is increased i.e. the appliance
becomes more efficient.

QUE.8 SOLVE THE NUMERICALS

1. What is the energy in BOT unit (Board of Trade Unit) of a 1000 watt heater working for 2
hours?

Solution: Given:

Power of heater = 1000 W = 1 kW

Time of working = 2 hours

Energy consumed = Power x time

= 1 kW x 2 hours

= 2 kWh

= 2 BOT or 2 units
2. A geyser has a rating 2 kW, 240 V. what is the cost of using it for 15 minutes if the cost of
electricity is Rs. 4 per commercial unit?

Solution: Given:

Power of the geyser (P) = 2 kW

Time of use = 15 minutes = 15/60 hours = ¼ h

Energy consumed = power x time

= 2 x ¼ kWh

= 0.5 kWh

Price of 1 kWh = Rs. 4

Hence total cost = 0.5 x 4

= Rs. 2

3. A refrigerator is marked 150 W, 220 V. How much energy does it consume in one month (30
days) if it is used for 20 hours a day? Express your answer in BOT unit (1 BOT unit = 1 kWh).

Solution: Given:

Power = 150 W = 150/1000 kW

Time of use =20 hours per day x 30 days = 600 hours

Energy consumed = power x time

= 150/1000 x600

= 90 kWh

= 90 BOT unit

4. A house is fitted with 10 lamps rated 60 W each, 4 fans rated 100 W each, an electric kettle
rated 2 kW. If the energy cost Rs. 4 per kWh, calculate the monthly bill for running the
appliances for 4 hours a day. Take one month = 30 days.

Solution: Given:

Power of,

Lamps =10 x 60 W = 10 x 60/1000 kW = 0.6 kW

Fans = 4 x 100 W =4 x 100/1000 kW = 0.4 kW

 Electric kettle = 2 kW

Power = 0.6 kW + 0.4 kW +2 kW =3 kW

Time of use = 4 hours a day x 30 days = 120 hours

Energy consumed = power x time

= 3 kW x 120 hours

= 360 kWh

Cost of 1 kWh = Rs. 4

Cost of 360 kWh = 360 x 4

= Rs. 1440