BCSE309P - CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK

SECURITY LAB
Assignment 1

Anvita Manne
22bce0272

1.

CODE:
def encrypt(message, shift):
result = []
for c in message:
if c.isalpha():
base = 'A' if c.isupper() else 'a'
#ord(c)-ord(base) to find position of the character c in the
alphabet relative to base
#%26 to wrap it around if crosses 25
#+ord(base) to make sure its shifted to right pos

result.append(chr((ord(c) - ord(base) + shift) % 26 +

ord(base)))
else:
result.append(c)
return ''.join(result)

def decrypt(encrypted, shift):

return encrypt(encrypted, 26 - shift)

message = "CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY"

shift = 4
 encrypted_message = encrypt(message, shift)
print("Encrypted Message is:", encrypted_message)

decrypted_message = decrypt(encrypted_message, shift)

print("Decrypted Messageb is:", decrypted_message)

OUTPUT:
2.

CODE:
def hill_cipher(message, key_matrix):

def char_to_num(char):
return ord(char) - ord('A')

def num_to_char(num):
return chr(num + ord('A'))

#padding the message if its length is not a multiple of 2

if len(message) % 2 != 0:
message += 'X' # Padding with 'X'

message_nums = [char_to_num(char) for char in message]

encrypted_message = ""
for i in range(0, len(message_nums), 2):
#take two consec no.s at once
pair = message_nums[i:i+2]

encrypted_pair = [
(key_matrix[0][0] * pair[0] + key_matrix[0][1] * pair[1]) % 26,
(key_matrix[1][0] * pair[0] + key_matrix[1][1] * pair[1]) % 26
]

encrypted_message += num_to_char(encrypted_pair[0]) +
num_to_char(encrypted_pair[1])
 return encrypted_message

key_matrix = [[2, 3], [1, 4]]

message = "HELP"
encrypted_message = hill_cipher(message, key_matrix)
print(f"Original Message is: {message}")
print(f"Encrypted Message is: {encrypted_message}")

OUTPUT:

3.
CODE:
def generate_subkeys(key):
PC1 = [
57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1,
58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,
59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,
60, 52, 44, 36, 63, 55, 47, 39,
31, 23, 15, 7, 62, 54, 46, 38,
30, 22, 14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37,
29, 21, 13, 5, 28, 20, 12, 4
]

PC2 = [
14, 17, 11, 24, 1, 5, 3, 28,
15, 6, 21, 10, 23, 19, 12, 4,
26, 8, 16, 7, 27, 20, 13, 2,
41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55, 30, 40,
51, 45, 33, 48, 44, 49, 39, 56,
34, 53, 46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32
]

SHIFTS = [1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1]

key_bin = format(key, '064b')

key_56 = ''.join(key_bin[i-1] for i in PC1)

c = key_56[:28]
d = key_56[28:]

subkeys = []

for i in range(16):
c = c[SHIFTS[i]:] + c[:SHIFTS[i]]
d = d[SHIFTS[i]:] + d[:SHIFTS[i]]

cd = c + d

subkey = ''.join(cd[i-1] for i in PC2)

subkeys.append(int(subkey, 2))

return subkeys
def initial_permutation(block):
IP = [
58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,
60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4,
62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6,
64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8,
57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1,
59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,
61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5,
63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7
]

block_bin = format(block, '064b')

permuted = ''.join(block_bin[i-1] for i in IP)
return int(permuted, 2)

def expansion(block):
E=[
32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1
]

block_bin = format(block, '032b')

expanded = ''.join(block_bin[i-1] for i in E)
return int(expanded, 2)

def s_box_substitution(block):
S_BOXES = [
[
[14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7],
[0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8],
[4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0],
[15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13]
],
[
[15, 1, 8, 14, 6, 11, 3, 4, 9, 7, 2, 13, 12, 0, 5, 10],
 [3, 13, 4, 7, 15, 2, 8, 14, 12, 0, 1, 10, 6, 9, 11, 5],
[0, 14, 7, 11, 10, 4, 13, 1, 5, 8, 12, 6, 9, 3, 2, 15],
[13, 8, 10, 1, 3, 15, 4, 2, 11, 6, 7, 12, 0, 5, 14, 9]
],
[
[10, 0, 9, 14, 6, 3, 15, 5, 1, 13, 12, 7, 11, 4, 2, 8],
[13, 7, 0, 9, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8, 5, 14, 12, 11, 15, 1],
[13, 6, 4, 9, 8, 15, 3, 0, 11, 1, 2, 12, 5, 10, 14, 7],
[1, 10, 13, 0, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 15, 14, 3, 11, 5, 2, 12]
],
[
[7, 13, 14, 3, 0, 6, 9, 10, 1, 2, 8, 5, 11, 12, 4, 15],
[13, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 0, 3, 4, 7, 2, 12, 1, 10, 14, 9],
[10, 6, 9, 0, 12, 11, 7, 13, 15, 1, 3, 14, 5, 2, 8, 4],
[3, 15, 0, 6, 10, 1, 13, 8, 9, 4, 5, 11, 12, 7, 2, 14]
],
[
[2, 12, 4, 1, 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 15, 13, 0, 14, 9],
[14, 11, 2, 12, 4, 7, 13, 1, 5, 0, 15, 10, 3, 9, 8, 6],
[4, 2, 1, 11, 10, 13, 7, 8, 15, 9, 12, 5, 6, 3, 0, 14],
[11, 8, 12, 7, 1, 14, 2, 13, 6, 15, 0, 9, 10, 4, 5, 3]
],
[
[12, 1, 10, 15, 9, 2, 6, 8, 0, 13, 3, 4, 14, 7, 5, 11],
[10, 15, 4, 2, 7, 12, 9, 5, 6, 1, 13, 14, 0, 11, 3, 8],
[9, 14, 15, 5, 2, 8, 12, 3, 7, 0, 4, 10, 1, 13, 11, 6],
[4, 3, 2, 12, 9, 5, 15, 10, 11, 14, 1, 7, 6, 0, 8, 13]
],
[
[4, 11, 2, 14, 15, 0, 8, 13, 3, 12, 9, 7, 5, 10, 6, 1],
[13, 0, 11, 7, 4, 9, 1, 10, 14, 3, 5, 12, 2, 15, 8, 6],
[1, 4, 11, 13, 12, 3, 7, 14, 10, 15, 6, 8, 0, 5, 9, 2],
[6, 11, 13, 8, 1, 4, 10, 7, 9, 5, 0, 15, 14, 2, 3, 12]
],
[
[13, 2, 8, 4, 6, 15, 11, 1, 10, 9, 3, 14, 5, 0, 12, 7],
[1, 15, 13, 8, 10, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 6, 11, 0, 14, 9, 2],
[7, 11, 4, 1, 9, 12, 14, 2, 0, 6, 10, 13, 15, 3, 5, 8],
[2, 1, 14, 7, 4, 10, 8, 13, 15, 12, 9, 0, 3, 5, 6, 11]
]
]

block_bin = format(block, '048b')

 chunks = [block_bin[i:i+6] for i in range(0, 48, 6)]

result = ''
for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
row = int(chunk[0] + chunk[5], 2)
col = int(chunk[1:5], 2)

value = S_BOXES[i][row][col]
result += format(value, '04b')

return int(result, 2)

def permutation(block):
P=[
16, 7, 20, 21, 29, 12, 28, 17,
1, 15, 23, 26, 5, 18, 31, 10,
2, 8, 24, 14, 32, 27, 3, 9,
19, 13, 30, 6, 22, 11, 4, 25
]

block_bin = format(block, '032b')

permuted = ''.join(block_bin[i-1] for i in P)
return int(permuted, 2)

def des_round(block, subkey):

left = (block >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF
right = block & 0xFFFFFFFF

temp = right

expanded = expansion(right)

xored = expanded ^ subkey

substituted = s_box_substitution(xored)

permuted = permutation(substituted)

new_right = left ^ permuted

return (temp << 32) | new_right

 def des_encrypt(plaintext, key):
subkeys = generate_subkeys(key)

block = initial_permutation(plaintext)

for i in range(16):
block = des_round(block, subkeys[i])

left = (block >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF

right = block & 0xFFFFFFFF
block = (right << 32) | left

return block

def des_decrypt(ciphertext, key):

subkeys = generate_subkeys(key)[::-1]

block = initial_permutation(ciphertext)

for i in range(16):
block = des_round(block, subkeys[i])

left = (block >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF

right = block & 0xFFFFFFFF
block = (right << 32) | left

return block

def main():
key = 0x133457799BBCDFF1
plaintext = 0x0123456789ABCDEF

ciphertext = des_encrypt(plaintext, key)

print(f"Plaintext: {plaintext:016X}")
print(f"Key: {key:016X}")
print(f"Ciphertext: {ciphertext:016X}")

decrypted = des_decrypt(ciphertext, key)

print(f"Decrypted: {decrypted:016X}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
OUTPUT: