Los siguientes conceptos han sido clasificados en función de su relación con la producción en:

Columna A

COMPARTANMIENTO

1. fijo
2. variable
3. Mixto

Columna B

PARTIDA

a) Salario de un supervisor de producción

b) Depreciación de maquinaria por el método de unidades producidas
c) Materiales y útiles de limpieza de la fabrica
d) Servicio telefónico
e) Materias primas
f) Renta del local

Indique cuales de las siguientes opciones es correcta:

A) 1d, 2f, 3b

B) 1b, 2c, 3a

C) 1c, 2e, 3f

D) 1a, 2d, 3e
The historical context of curriculum development has been influenced by the following factors:

Column A

1. The rise of the knowledge society

2. The Industrial Revolution

3. The Enlightenment

4. Technology advancements

Column B

a) Promoted the shift to mass production models of education

b) Stimulated intellectual and scientific growth that influenced educational frameworks
c) Increased the importance of information access
d) Led to age-based separations in classrooms

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1c, 2d, 3b, 4a

B) 1a, 2b, 3d, 4c
C) 1d, 2c, 3a, 4b
D) 1b, 2a, 3c, 4d

Answer: B

Based on the different pedagogical approaches discussed, we can categorize them according to their
foundation in various disciplines.

Column A

1. Epistemology

2. Psychology

3. Sociology

4. History

Column B

a) Provides insights into how society shapes the curriculum

b) Influences the curriculum by explaining how knowledge is produced
c) Discusses how individuals learn
d) Offers lessons based on past educational experiences

Which of the following matches is correct?

A) 1b, 2c, 3a, 4d

B) 1a, 2c, 3d, 4b
C) 1c, 2b, 3d, 4a
D) 1d, 2a, 3b, 4c

Answer: A
The Constructivist Model has been influenced by numerous theoretical foundations.

Column A

1. Piaget

2. Vygotsky

3. Ausubel

4. Frankfurt School theorists

Column B

a) Proposed that knowledge is built through individual experiences

b) Advocated for the social construction of knowledge
c) Emphasized meaningful learning based on relevance to the individual
d) Influenced education with ideas about social and cultural structures

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1a, 2b, 3c, 4d

B) 1b, 2c, 3d, 4a
C) 1c, 2a, 3b, 4d
D) 1d, 2b, 3a, 4c

Answer: A

The history of education and its relation to societal transformations can be observed in the following ways:

Column A

1. One-room school system

2. Industrial Revolution

3. Technology in education

4. Age-based grouping of children

Column B

a) Reflects the early structures in an agrarian society

b) Changed the format of schools to mass production models
c) Promoted global access to information
d) Led to educational stratification based on age and learning capacity

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1a, 2b, 3c, 4d

B) 1b, 2a, 3d, 4c
C) 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a
D) 1c, 2a, 3b, 4d

Answer: A
According to the elements of curriculum, the components are organized to guide the teaching and learning
process.

Column A

1. Purposes

2. Knowledge or contents

3. Methodology or instruction

4. Evaluation and assessment

Column B

a) Refers to the planning and organization of teaching methods

b) Involves defining the academic goals and learning outcomes
c) Deals with determining the information to be taught
d) Focuses on measuring whether educational objectives have been achieved

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1b, 2c, 3a, 4d

B) 1d, 2b, 3a, 4c
C) 1a, 2d, 3c, 4b
D) 1c, 2b, 3d, 4a

Answer: A

The Ecuadorian National Curriculum Guidelines emphasize the development of English language
competence by the end of BGU. Which of the following is a key aspect of this competence?
Column A:

1. CEFR Level A2

2. CEFR Level B1

3. CEFR Level C1

4. CEFR Level C2

Column B:
A) Limited but effective command of spoken English
B) Advanced academic English usage
C) Minimal command of spoken English
D) Native-like proficiency in English

A) 1C, 2A, 3B, 4D

B) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B
C) 1D, 2A, 3C, 4B
D) 1B, 2C, 3A, 4D
Answer: A
Which of the following is a component of the Didactic Unit Plan according to Phillips (2011)?
Column A:

1. Objectives

2. Knowledge or Contents

3. Methodology

4. Assessment

Column B:
A) Aims and goals of the unit
B) Instructional strategies
C) Measurement of outcomes
D) Essential cognitive elements

A) 1A, 2D, 3B, 4C

B) 1D, 2A, 3C, 4B
C) 1C, 2B, 3A, 4D
D) 1B, 2C, 3D, 4A
Answer: A

What is a key objective of the Ten-Year Education Plan (2016-2025)?

Column A:

1. Promote lifelong learning

2. Strengthen bilingual education

3. Replace standardized assessments

4. Universalize tertiary education

Column B:
A) Provide equitable access to education
B) Reduce literacy rates
C) Improve initial education
D) Increase high school enrollment

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1C, 2A, 3B, 4D
C) 1D, 2C, 3A, 4B
D) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A
Answer: A
Which of the following is emphasized in the P21 skills framework for 21st-century education?
Column A:

1. Arithmetic

2. Creativity

3. Collaboration

4. Standardized testing

Column B:
A) Enhancing mathematical skills
B) Encouraging innovative thinking
C) Promoting teamwork
D) Focusing on uniform assessment

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1D, 2A, 3B, 4C
C) 1C, 2D, 3A, 4B
D) 1B, 2C, 3D, 4A
Answer: A

What is a major feature of the ADDIE instructional design model?

Column A:

1. Analysis

2. Development

3. Implementation

4. Evaluation

Column B:
A) Establishing objectives
B) Creating instructional materials
C) Delivering educational content
D) Measuring effectiveness

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1D, 2A, 3B, 4C
C) 1B, 2C, 3D, 4A
D) 1C, 2D, 3A, 4B
Answer: A
Which learning theory emphasizes knowledge construction through prior experiences?
Column A:

1. Behaviorism

2. Cognitivism

3. Constructivism

4. Connectivism

Column B:
A) Knowledge perceived by senses
B) Internal mental processes
C) Building on past experiences
D) Internet-based knowledge distribution

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1C, 2A, 3D, 4B
C) 1B, 2C, 3A, 4D
D) 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A
Answer: A

What is the role of educational designers in curriculum planning?

Column A:

1. Analyze student needs

2. Design effective assessments

3. Develop teaching models

4. Integrate technology

Column B:
A) Align objectives and assessments
B) Facilitate creativity
C) Standardize instruction
D) Promote digital literacy

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1C, 2A, 3D, 4B
C) 1B, 2C, 3A, 4D
D) 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A
Answer: A
Which instructional model focuses on inquiry-based learning?
Column A:

1. Socratic Seminar Model

2. Cooperative Learning Model

3. Problem-Based Learning Model

4. Inductive Model

Column B:
A) Guided questioning
B) Team collaboration
C) Problem-solving focus
D) Observational patterns

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1C, 2A, 3D, 4B
C) 1D, 2C, 3A, 4B
D) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A
Answer: A

Which of the following dimensions is part of Bloom’s Taxonomy?

Column A:

1. Factual Knowledge

2. Conceptual Knowledge

3. Procedural Knowledge

4. Metacognitive Knowledge

Column B:
A) Basic elements and vocabulary
B) Relationships between categories
C) How to perform a task
D) Awareness of cognition

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1C, 2A, 3B, 4D
C) 1D, 2C, 3B, 4A
D) 1B, 2D, 3A, 4C
Answer: A
What is a feature of 21st-century education trends?
Column A:

1. Globalization

2. Equity

3. Accountability

4. Digital Technologies

Column B:
A) Bridging cultural gaps
B) Providing equal opportunities
C) Ensuring measurable outcomes
D) Integrating innovative tools

A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D

B) 1C, 2A, 3B, 4D
C) 1B, 2D, 3A, 4C
D) 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A
Answer: A

The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design process that includes the following stages:
Column A

1. Analysis

2. Design

3. Development

4. Implementation

5. Evaluation
Column B
a) Delivering the created content to learners
b) Determining instructional needs and goals
c) Building instructional materials and resources
d) Assessing the effectiveness of the instruction
e) Structuring the learning objectives and methods

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1b, 2e, 3c, 4a, 5d
B) 1c, 2b, 3d, 4e, 5a
C) 1e, 2a, 3b, 4d, 5c
D) 1a, 2d, 3e, 4c, 5b
Answer: A
The Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy includes the following dimensions of knowledge:
Column A

1. Factual

2. Conceptual

3. Procedural

4. Metacognitive
Column B
a) Knowledge of how to perform a task
b) Awareness of one’s own cognitive processes
c) Understanding relationships among concepts
d) Basic elements and vocabulary of a subject

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1d, 2c, 3a, 4b
B) 1b, 2a, 3d, 4c
C) 1c, 2b, 3d, 4a
D) 1a, 2d, 3c, 4b
Answer: A

The Ten-Year Education Plan achieved the following milestones:

Column A

1. Strengthening intercultural bilingual education

2. Universalizing basic education

3. Increasing adult education opportunities

4. Reducing illiteracy rates

Column B
a) Expanded enrollment for initial education
b) Improved educational access for marginalized groups
c) Enhanced literacy programs
d) Provided equitable access to schooling

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1b, 2d, 3a, 4c
B) 1a, 2c, 3d, 4b
C) 1d, 2a, 3c, 4b
D) 1c, 2b, 3a, 4d
Answer: A
The P21 framework highlights the following 21st-century skills:
Column A

1. Creativity

2. Communication

3. Collaboration

4. Critical Thinking
Column B
a) Solving complex problems through analysis
b) Expressing ideas effectively
c) Generating original and valuable ideas
d) Working effectively in teams

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1c, 2b, 3d, 4a
B) 1a, 2c, 3b, 4d
C) 1d, 2a, 3c, 4b
D) 1b, 2d, 3a, 4c
Answer: A

CEFR Level B1 learners exhibit the following characteristics:

Column A

1. Can handle communication in familiar situations

2. Can use repair strategies for communication issues

3. Can produce simple connected text

4. Can describe personal experiences and opinions

Column B
a) Require occasional prompting to avoid breakdowns
b) Rely on basic vocabulary and grammar
c) Express thoughts clearly on personal topics
d) Communicate effectively in routine contexts

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1d, 2a, 3c, 4b
B) 1c, 2b, 3d, 4a
C) 1b, 2c, 3a, 4d
D) 1a, 2d, 3b, 4c
Answer: A
Instructional design involves the following processes:
Column A

1. Aligning learning objectives and assessments

2. Identifying learner needs

3. Developing instructional materials

4. Evaluating the effectiveness of instruction

Column B
a) Establishing clear educational targets
b) Ensuring content matches objectives
c) Measuring outcomes against desired results
d) Creating engaging learning resources

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1a, 2b, 3d, 4c
B) 1b, 2d, 3a, 4c
C) 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a
D) 1c, 2a, 3b, 4d
Answer: A

Forces shaping the future of education include:

Column A

1. Digital technologies

2. Globalization

3. Accountability

4. Access to information
Column B
a) Promotes universal learning standards
b) Facilitates worldwide collaboration
c) Drives data-informed educational policies
d) Increases opportunities for learning resources

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1d, 2b, 3c, 4a
B) 1a, 2c, 3b, 4d
C) 1b, 2d, 3a, 4c
D) 1c, 2a, 3d, 4b
Answer: A
According to Robinson (2010), schools are structured on outdated principles such as:
Column A

1. Standardized testing

2. Batching students by age

3. Focus on core knowledge

4. Segregation by subject
Column B
a) Ignores creativity and divergent thinking
b) Promotes factory-line organization
c) Emphasizes uniform assessments
d) Reduces flexibility in learning

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1c, 2b, 3a, 4d
B) 1a, 2d, 3b, 4c
C) 1b, 2a, 3d, 4c
D) 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a
Answer: A

The characteristics of effective instructional design include:

Column A

1. Efficiency

2. Effectiveness

3. Appeal

4. Alignment
Column B
a) Matches content to learning objectives
b) Encourages learner engagement
c) Optimizes time and resources
d) Produces measurable learning outcomes

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1c, 2d, 3b, 4a
B) 1a, 2b, 3d, 4c
C) 1d, 2c, 3a, 4b
D) 1b, 2a, 3c, 4d
Answer: A
The following teaching models are based on creativity and collaboration:
Column A

1. Problem-Based Learning Model

2. Inquiry Model

3. Socratic Seminar Model

4. Cooperative Learning Model

Column B
a) Facilitates teamwork among learners
b) Encourages critical questioning
c) Focuses on student-driven investigations
d) Solves real-world problems

Which of the following is the correct match?

A) 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a
B) 1a, 2b, 3d, 4c
C) 1b, 2a, 3c, 4d
D) 1c, 2d, 3a, 4b
Answer: A