The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in physics, focusing on forces, Newton's laws of motion, and the concept of equilibrium. It outlines various types of forces, the definitions and implications of inertia, momentum, and the principles of free body diagrams. Additionally, it touches on practical applications like weighing machines and spring balances, as well as the introduction of pseudo forces in non-inertial frames of reference.
The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in physics, focusing on forces, Newton's laws of motion, and the concept of equilibrium. It outlines various types of forces, the definitions and implications of inertia, momentum, and the principles of free body diagrams. Additionally, it touches on practical applications like weighing machines and spring balances, as well as the introduction of pseudo forces in non-inertial frames of reference.
The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in physics, focusing on forces, Newton's laws of motion, and the concept of equilibrium. It outlines various types of forces, the definitions and implications of inertia, momentum, and the principles of free body diagrams. Additionally, it touches on practical applications like weighing machines and spring balances, as well as the introduction of pseudo forces in non-inertial frames of reference.
The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in physics, focusing on forces, Newton's laws of motion, and the concept of equilibrium. It outlines various types of forces, the definitions and implications of inertia, momentum, and the principles of free body diagrams. Additionally, it touches on practical applications like weighing machines and spring balances, as well as the introduction of pseudo forces in non-inertial frames of reference.
Units and of Definite Dimensions Integration BRACE YOURSELVES
NLM IS COMING!! Basic Fundae What is Force?
A force is a vector quantity that represents a push or pull acting on a body,
with the potential to change its state of rest, uniform motion or shape.
Types of Forces
● Gravitational Force
● Electromagnetic Force
● Strong Nuclear Force
● Weak Nuclear Force Beta Decay
All the contact forces (e.g. tension, normal reaction, friction, etc) are electromagnetic forces. Common Forces Acting on Body Weight Normal
Friction
Tension Friction opposes
motion. True or False? Newton’s First Law “A body continues to be in a state of rest or uniform motion along a straight line unless and until an external unbalanced force is applied on it.”
● Also called law of inertia.
● Three types of inertia - Inertia of Rest, Inertia of Motion and Inertia of Direction
Inertia is not a ● Examples of Inertia of Rest physical quantity! The closest physical ● Examples of Inertia of Motion quantity that is analogous to inertia ● Examples of Inertia of Direction is MASS! JEE Mains 2023
Ans: 2 Inertial Frame of Reference
Inertial Frame
A frame of reference that moves with a A frame of reference constant velocity and that obeys Newton’s has zero acceleration Laws of Motion
● For the purpose of our calculations, both definitions hold true (kinda!) but speaking strictly in scientific terms, the second definition is more accurate. Concept of Linear Momentum ● A physical quantity that indicates the quantity of motion in a body.
● Mathematically, it is given by mass times the velocity of the body.
● A vector quantity with the direction same as that of velocity. SI unit of momentum - kg.m.s-1 SI unit of force - kg.m.s- 2 (or) N
(When mass stays
constant, we get) This leads us to Newton’s Second Law which states that… Newton’s Second Law “The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the external force applied and this change always takes place in the direction of the applied force.”
● The net force is an EXTERNAL FORCE.
● When the net external force acting on the body is zero, then the momentum of the system stays constant. This is also called the law of conservation of momentum.
● The applications of the conservation of linear momentum will be covered in greater detail later on! So sit back and relax! Equilibrium When the net force acting on the body is zero, the body is said to be in equilibrium.
Static Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium
JEE Mains 2024
Ans: D JEE Mains 2023
Ans: 3 JEE Mains 2024
Ans: 2 JEE Mains 2024
Ans: D JEE Mains 2024
Ans: B JEE Mains 2023
Ans: B JEE Mains 2023
Ans: D JEE Advanced 2023
Ans: A JEE Mains 2021
Ans: 4 Variable Force Concept Newton’s Third Law “For every action, there is an equal, opposite and simultaneous reaction and the two forces act on two different bodies.”
● Force is always a two-body interaction.
● There cannot be an individual force because it will always have its complementary reaction force.
● Action-reaction forces are of same kind (e.g If action force is gravitational, reaction force is also gravitational).
● Examples of Action Reaction Pair :
Examples of Action-Reaction Pair Question If action is equal to reaction, how can a horse manage to pull a cart? A little more on Normal Forces A contact force that always acts perpendicular to the surface.
It is a self-adjusting force. Question
Ans: C A little more on Tension Forces A contact force that acts along the length of the connector (i.e. string, spring, rod, etc).
For string, tension is always a pulling force whereas for spring and rod, it can be pulling as well as pushing force.
● For a massless string, the tension HAS TO BE EQUAL THROUGHOUT!
● For a string with mass, tension at each point is different.
Ans: 4 Free Body Diagram (FBD) Diagrammatic representation of all the forces acting on a body in a given physical situation.
#Ameya Sir’s 5 Mantras of Solving NLM Questions
● Draw all the forces on the bodies.
● While calculating acceleration of a body, ignore the internal forces in a system.
● Make sure all the bodies of the system obey the constraint relations wherever applicable.
● Take the motion causing forces and subtract the motion opposing forces.
● Reverse-Check and Verify.
FBD Examples
10 N 2 kg 3 kg 5 kg
2 kg 4 kg FBD Examples M, L F F
M, L
When the string is not
massless, simple funda is to split it into parts and treat them as blocks connected by massless strings! FBD Examples
Pulley with Mass
FBD Examples Atwood Machine (Pulley Block System)
Find the acceleration of the system using the constraint relations
and FBD.
String is inextensible. Thus decrease in length of string in some parts = Increase in length in other parts. Atwood Machine String is inextensible. Thus decrease in length of string in some parts = Increase in length in other parts. Atwood Machine
Find the acceleration of each of the blocks.
We use this to lift extremely heavy objects
by creating a block tackle system. Block and Tackle System Atwood Machine In the diagram shown in figure, both pulleys and strings are massless. The acceleration of 2 kg block is JEE Mains 2024
Ans: 2 JEE Mains 2024
Ans: 240 JEE Mains 2022
(Ans : 2) JEE Mains 2022
(Ans : 3) JEE Mains 2024
Ans : C Question
In the diagram shown in figure, both pulleys and strings are
massless. The acceleration of 2 kg block is Ans: 2.5 JEE Mains 2022
Ans: 6 JEE Mains 2022
Ans: D
or 4/3 JEE Mains 2022
Ans : 36 JEE Mains 2022
Ans : 12 Concept of Weighing Machine
● The weighing scale measures our weight. True or False?
● It actually measures the normal reaction exerted by us on its surface.
● The weighing machine divides the normal reaction value by g to give the reading in mass(kg). Apparent Weight
● If this normal reaction changes, the apparent weight also changes and so does the reading!
Acceleration of lift is in ↑ Apparent weight increases
Acceleration of lift is in ↓ Apparent weight decreases Concept of Spring Balance
● The spring balance, just like weighing machine, doesn’t actually measure the weight.
● It measures the tension in the spring and then divides the measurement by g to give out the reading in mass (kg).
(where k = Spring Constant)
Question
Ans: B JEE Mains 2021
Ans: 492 Monkey Business Question Question
Ans: D Spring Cutting How will spring constant change when the spring is cut?
Parallel combination of springs
Series combination of springs Spring Cutting
Ans: D Pseudo Force ● Sometimes, it’s much easier to solve problems when viewed from a frame that is itself accelerating. But for non-inertial frames, we need to add a pseudo force.
● Pseudo force is a mathematical convenience rather than an actual physical force.
● There is no reaction force for pseudo force!
How to introduce pseudo force in a non-inertial frame?
Problem on Pseudo Force JEE Mains 2022
Ans: 30 Apparent Weight Problem in Non-Inertial Frame John McClane weighs 75 kg and is standing on a weighing machine in an elevator. Suddenly he discovers that the rope holding the elevator has been cut which is why the lift starts falling but Ans: because of the air resistance and the friction with the surrounding walls, the fall of the lift is with an 37.5 kg, acceleration of g/2. What value will John’s weighing scale show in this situation? Also, assume that 362.5 kg after attaining the speed of 50 m/s, the lift crashes the ground and comes to rest in 2 seconds. What will the weighing machine’s reading be after the crash?
