ANALYSIS OF POST-MODIFIERS NOUN PHRASE ON SUBJECT SENTENCES

IN THE ABSTRACT OF THESIS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS

2024
Santa Regina Sihombing , Dhea Natasya Sitepu2, Sonya Lauri Situmeang3,Yena
1

Jorena Sembiring 4, Melda Veby Ristella Munthe5

1,2
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris,Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar,Indonesia
E-Mail:[email protected],2 [email protected],
3
[email protected],[email protected]

ABSTRACT
This research is entitled “Analisis Post-Modifiers Noun Phrase pada Subjek Kalimat dalam Abstrak Skripsi
Mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa ingris ”. The purpose of the research is to explain the type and the
constituents of post-modifier contained in the subject of the sentence on the abstract of English education
Department students' juournal in 2023-2024. To find the answer of this problem, the method applied is
qualitative – descriptive with syntactic approach. The theories applied are from Vespoor and Sauter, Aarts,
Meyer, and Tallerman. This research explains about two types of post-modifier contained in subject of the
sentence on the abstract. First, there are 25 post-modifiers found in prepositional phrase marked with ‘of’
and ‘for’ after the head. Second, there are two post-modifiers found in adjective phrase marked with words
explaining the head. Based on the analysis of 22 abstracts, the writer found 11 different patterns of post-
modifier in prepositional phrase and two different patterns of post-modifier in adjective phrase.

Keywords: Post-modifier, Noun Phrase, Abstract

I. PENDAHULUAN Pematangsiantar. There is the sentence "The

Scientific writing is a medium for channeling the title of this undergraduate thesis is 'Influence
creativity and ideas of a person or group of
people. The writing of each scientific article is
accompanied by a summary that includes the
contents of the research, which is called an
abstract. In writing, the abstract is written in a
limited number of sentences but includes a broad
general description of the research. This requires
concise sentences containing phrases that express
various information contained in the scientific
discourse.
Forms of phrases that may be found in the abstract
include noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective
phrases, adverbial phrases and prepositional
phrases. These phrases are very likely to be found
in each sentence in the abstract. Moreover, the
noun phrase form very often appears as the subject
of a sentence.
The analysis carried out by the author focuses on
noun phrases which are found in almost every
subject sentence in the abstract. Noun phrases
have elements that form them such as determiner,
premodifier, head, and post-modifier. These
elements become distinctive characteristics of
noun phrases. Moreover, the post-modifier is one
part of the noun phrase which is interesting to
study further because it is in student thesis
abstracts, one of which is in an abstract made by
English Departement students at the HKBP
Nommensen Pematangsiantar University of
Professionalism in writing.” which is composed of a
form of noun phrase which makes it complete and
acceptable.
Based on the phenomenon explained above, this
research was conducted to determine the types and
elements that form post-modifiers contained in the
thesis abstracts of English language study program
students. This is the background for the author to take
the title "Analysis of Post-modifiers Noun Phrase on
Subject Sentences in Student Thesis Abstracts of
English Education Department students' journal in
2023-2024

1.1. Identification of problems

The problems that will be identified in this research are
as follows:
1. What type of post-modifier is found in the
subject sentence in the thesis abstracts of
Nommensen University English language
study program students in 2023 and 2024?
2. What are the elements forming post-modifiers
contained in the subject sentence in the thesis
abstracts of English language study program
students at Nommensen University in 2023
and 2024?
1.2. Research Purpose
The aims of this research are:
1. Explain the types of post-modifiers found in
the subject sentence in the thesis abstracts of
Nommensen University English language
study program students in 2023 and 2024?
2. Explain the elements that form post-modifiers
contained in the subject sentence in the
abstracts of Nommensen University English
language study program students in 2023 and
2024?
In this research, the researcher used descriptive
qualitative research methods to analyze the types and d. Adjective Phrase
elements that form post-modifier noun phrases in the Adjective Phrase consists of an adjective
subject sentences in the thesis abstracts of students of which may be preceded and/or followed by
the English language study program at Nommensen other words
University in 2023 and 2024? because the objects used
are documents, not numbers. numbers, which in their e. Adverb Phrase
presentation are described as a description of the
object. The aim of this research is to make a description Adverb Phrase resembles an adjective
of the types and elements that form post-modifier noun phrase which consists of an adverb which may
phrases in the subject of sentences in the thesis be preceded and/or followed by other words.
abstracts of students of the English language study
program at Nommensen University in 2023 and 2024? f. Prepositional Phrase
Prepositional Phrase (PP) has two
II. LITERATURE REVIEW components, a head, which is a preposition
a. Syntax and a complement, which is a noun. The
According to Tallerman (2011:11), syntax means PP complement can be a noun phrase or
'sentence construction': how words come together to clause (finite or non-finite) which
make phrases and sentences. Some people use the term functions as a noun.
grammar to mean syntax. Most linguistic experts argue
that syntax is only part of grammar. III. DISCUSSION
According to Aarts (2001:3), syntax is the part of Based on the analysis of post-modifier
grammar that concerns with the structure of sentences. noun phrases contained in the subject sentences
According to Meyer (2009: 111), he also explains in the thesis abstracts of students in the English
syntax, English syntax: how words are grouped and language study program at Nommensen
ordered within sentences, clauses, and phrases. In short, University in 2023 and 2024?
Meyer (2009:146) states that Syntax involves the study , the author groups post-modifiers based on
of how constituents are grouped and ordered. the type of phrase that forms them and
From several opinions, syntax is the part of grammar describes the elements that form these post-
that discusses sentence structure. modifiers based on word classes
3.1. Types of Post-Modifiers
b. Word Classes in Sentence Subjects
Word Classes are a grouping of words based on their A. Prepositional Phrase
type. According to Vespoor and Suer (2000: 88-114) In this study, 25 were found The post-
word classes in English are divided into nouns, verbs, modifier is in the form of a prepositional
adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions. phrase.

c. Noun Phrase 1) Preposisi ‘of’

In every sentence, the noun phrase is one of the The sentence below shows the subject of
forming parts. According to Aarts (2001:31-32) a noun the sentence which has a post-modifier with the
phrase (NP) is a series of words whose main element is preposition marker 'of'.
a noun. “The result of the research shows that
Noun phrases are formed from certain elements that the office of Ministry of Religion of Sukabumi
make them whole. Vespoor and Sauter (2000:120) City has implemented the dimensiond of
explain the components of noun phrases. Vespoor and Tangible, Reliability, Responsive, Assurance,
and Emphaty, in providing service.”
Sauter (2002:147) show The parts of a noun phrase
include determiner, premodifier, head, post-modifier.
This research focuses on the types and elements that
form post-modifier noun phrases which function as the
subject of sentences contained in the thesis abstract.
The types of post-modifier noun phrases in this
research are only grouped based on the type of phrase,
those in the form of clauses are not included in the
discussion of this research.

“The techniques of collecting data were

conducted through observation, interview, and
documentation.”
 3.2. Post-Modifier Forming Elements
in Sentence Subjects
Based on the results of analysis III.
1, it can be seen that there are three categories
of post-modifiers in the subject of the sentence,
namely prepositional phrases, adjective phrases
and noun phrases.
In the data above, it is known that there is a post- 3.3.
modifier in the form of a prepositional phrase. This is Berdasarkan hasil analisis III.1 dapat
marked by the word 'of' which is one of the preposition diketahui ada tiga kategori post-modifier
marking words dalam subjek kalimat yakni prepositional
2) Preposisi ‘for’ phrase, adjective phrase, dan noun phrase.
The sentence below shows the subject of
the sentence which has a post-modifier with the A. Post-Modifier: Prepositional Phrase
preposition marker 'for'. Prepositional phrase pada post-
“The suggestion for the informant is must modifier diawali dengan munculnya preposisi
be harder to inform the people in the information yang menjelaskan head di mana preposisi
competency and readers must take a further biasanya diikuti bentuk-bentuk noun atau
research.” noun phrase. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data
ditemukan 11 pola berbeda yang tersusun
pada penelitian ini.
1) Preposisi + Noun
“The coefficient of determination is
amounted to KD=62,41%.”

In the data above there is a post-modifier

in the form of a prepositional phrase. This is
indicated by the word 'for' which is one of the
preposition marking words.

B. Adjective Phrase Berdasarkan di atas, post-modifier

In this research, six post-modifiers were yang menjelaskan head terdiri dari preposisi
found in the form of adjective phrases. The dan noun.
sentence below shows the subject of the sentence
which has a post-modifier in the form of an 2) Preposisi + Noun + Noun
adjective phrase. “The influence of employee
“The theories selected for the research professionalism has positive influence, in
were those being stated by Zeithaml, etc, that accordance with the quantitatively analysis of
elucidated about the dimensions of service Coefficient of Determination, which
quality, such as”(1) Tangible, (2) amounted to 43,2% and Coefficient of
Reliability, (3) Correlation, which amounted the value of
Responsiveness, (4) Assurance, and (5) Empathy.” 0,657

In the data above there is a post-modifier in

the form of an adjective phrase which is a
simplification of the adjective clause which
functions to explain the previous noun or noun or
in other words explain the head that comes before
it. The word 'selected' is an adjective phrase
resulting from the reduction of the clause 'which
was selected' which is a form of adjective clause.
 Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier
terdiri dari preposisi yang diikuti noun phrase. yang terdiri dari preposisi diikuti noun phrase.
Noun phrase tersebut adalah noun + noun. Salah Salah satu noun yang muncul dalam noun phrase
satu noun tersebut berfungsi sebagai head. Noun tersebut diawali dengan kemunculan gerund
phrase ini terdiri dari kata ‘employee’ yang setelah preposisi. Kata ‘collecting’ disebut
berperan sebagai head, noun dan kata sebagai gerund karena muncul setelah preposisi
‘professionalism’ yang berfungsi sebagai post- sesuai dengan yang dijelaskan oleh Eastwood
modifier dari ‘employee’. (2002: 286) mengenai sebuah preposisi biasanya
muncul sebelum sebuah noun phrase. Kata ‘data’,
3) Preposisi + Article + Noun berfungsi sebagai objek dari ‘collecting’. Pola
“The result of the research shows that the susunan yang melengkapi ‘The techniques’ ini,
office of Ministry of Religion of Sukabumi City dapat dikatakan lebih spesifik susunan gerund +
has implemented the dimensiond of Tangible, noun yang muncul setelah preposi, merupakan
Reliability, Responsive, Assurance, and Emphaty, gerund phrase.
in providing service.”
6) Preposisi + Gerund + Adjective
“The techniques of sampling applied was
random sampling and deployed the formula of
Yamane (n=100).”

Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier

terdiri dari preposisi yang diikuti noun phrase.
Noun phrase tersebut adalah article + noun. Noun
phrase ini terdiri dari article ‘the’ dan kata Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier
‘research’. yang terdiri dari preposisi preposisi diikuti noun
phrase yang terdiri dari gerund + adjective. Kata
4) Preposisi + Article + Adjective + Noun ‘sampling’ adalah noun dalam bentuk gerund.
“Based on the result of observation Kata ‘applied’ pada data tersebut merupakan
conducted by the researcher, the performance of adjective karena kata ‘applied’ tidak menjelaskan
the certified teacher is yet to be adequate.” kegiatan subjek, melaikan hanya memberikan
pemarka terhadap kata ‘sampling’. Kata ‘applied’
tidak menjelaskan aktivitas dari ‘sampling’, tetapi
memberikan penjelasan pada ‘sampling’ sehingga
fungsinya sebagai adjective bukan sebagai verb.

7) Preposisi + Gerund + Noun + Adjective

“The techniques of collecting data
Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier applied were observation, questionnaire,
terdiri dari preposisi yang diikuti noun phrase. observation, and a literature review, which were
Noun phrase tersebut adalah article + adjective + then followed by the technique of tabulating data
noun. Noun phrase ini terdiri dari article ‘the’, by means of the technique of Likert scale.”
kata ‘certified’ yang merupakan adjective karena
tidak menjelaskan kegiatan subjek melainkan
memberi pemarka quality pada kata ‘teacher’.

5) Preposisi + Gerund + Noun

“The techniques of collecting data were
conducted through observation, interview, and
Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier
documentation.”
yang terdiri dari preposisi preposisi diikuti noun
phrase yang terdiri dari gerund + noun +
adjective. Noun phrase tersebut terdiri dari kata
‘collecting’,
kata ‘data’, dan kata ‘applied’ pada data tersebut kata ‘calculating’ yang merupakan noun dalam
merupakan adjective. Kata ‘applied’ disebut bentuk gerund, article ‘the’, kata ‘corelation’
adjective karena memberikan penjelasan pada adalah noun yang berfungsi sebagai premodifier,
‘collecting’, bukan menjelaskan kegiatan subjek. dan kata ‘coefficient’ adalah noun yang berperan
Sehingga pada data di atas kata ‘applied’ sebagai head.
berfungsi sebagai adjective bukan verb.
10) Preposisi + Demonstrative + Noun
8) Preposisi + Gerund + Adjective + “According to the explanation level, the
Prepositional Phrase type of this research applied associative research
“The techniques of sampling applied by which aimed at determining the influence, or
the researcher was nonprobability sampling in relationship, between two variables or more.”
terms of the entire employees of Department of
Education, Sukabumi Regency.”

Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier

terdiri dari preposisi yang diikuti noun phrase di
mana noun phrase tersebut adalah demonstrative
+ noun. Noun phrase tersebut terdiri dari
demonstrative ‘this’ dan kata ‘research’.

11) Preposisi + Demonstrative + Noun + Noun

Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier “The title of this undergraduate thesis is
yang terdiri dari preposisi diikuti noun phrase “Pengaruh Profesionalisme terhadap Kinerja
yang terdiri dari gerund + adjective + Pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten
prepositional phrase. Kata ‘sampling’ adalah noun Sukabumi.”
dalam bentuk
–ing yang merupakan gerund. Kata ‘applied’ pada
data tersebut merupakan adjective karena kata
‘applied’ tidak menjelaskan kegiatan subjek,
melaikan hanya memberikan pemarka terhadap
kata ‘sampling’, bukan aktivitas dari ‘sampling’.
Pada data di atas, ditemukan post-modifier
lain yang merupakan prepositional phrase Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier
ditandai preposisi ‘by’ yang diikuti noun phrase terdiri dari preposisi yang diikuti noun phrase di
di mana noun phrase tersebut adalah article + mana noun phrase tersebut adalah demonstrative
noun. Noun phrase ini terdiri dari article ‘the’ dan + noun + noun. Noun phrase tersebut terdiri dari
kata ‘researcher’. demonstrative ‘this’, kata ‘undergraduate’ yang
berfungsi sebagai premodifier, dan kata ‘thesis’.
9) Preposisi + Gerund + Article + Noun +
Noun B. Post-Modifier: Adjective Phrase
“The result of calculating the correlation Post-modifier dapat ditemui dalam bentuk
coefficient is amounted to 0,60, which is adjective phrase. Pada penelitian ini post-modifier
categorized into adequately influential, and the yang berbentuk adjective phrase tersusun atas dua
simple regression liner is namely pola yang berbeda.
Y=19,850+0,538.”
1) Adjective
“The informants chosen were determined
for the research by applying the nonprobability
sampling of method which Snowball sampling.”

Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier

terdiri dari preposisi yang diikuti noun phrase di
mana noun phrase tersebut adalah gerund +
article
+ noun + noun. Noun phrase tersebut terdiri dari
 Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier yang
berupa adjective phrase terdiri dari kata ‘chosen’ Adjective, Preposisi + Gerund + Noun +
yang merupakan adjective karena kata ‘chosen’ Adjective, Preposisi + Gerund + Adjective +
tidak menjelaskan kegiatan subjek, melaikan Prepositional Phrase, Preposisi + Gerund +
hanya memberikan pemarka terhadap kata ‘the Article + Noun + Noun, Preposisi +
informants’, bukan aktivitas dari ‘the informants’, Demonstrative + Noun, dan Preposisi +
tetapi memberikan penjelasan pada ‘the Demonstrative + Noun + Noun, serta dua pola
informants’ yang berperann sebagai head susunan berbeda post-modifier dalam bentuk
sehingga fungsinya sebagai adjective. adjective phrase, yakni Adjective dan Adjective +
Prepositional Phrase.
2) Adjective + Prepositional Phrase
“The theories selected for the research DAFTAR PUSTAKA
were those being stated by Zeithaml, etc, that Aarts, Bas. 2001. English Syntax and
elucidated about the dimensions of service Argumentation. New York: Palgrave.
quality, such as”(1) Tangible, (2) Eastwood, John. 2002. Oxford Guide to English
Reliability, (3) Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Responsiveness, (4) Assurance, and (5) Empathy.”
Meyer, Charles F. 2009. Introducing English
Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Tallerman, Maggie. 2011. Understanding Syntax.
London: Hodder Education.
Vespoor, Marjolijn & Kim Sauter. 2000. English
Sentence Analysis: An Introduction Course.
Netherlands: John Benjamins
Berdasarkan data di atas, post-modifier
berupa adjective phrase diikuti prepositional
phrase. Adjective phrase ditandai kata ‘selected’
yang merupakan adjective karena kata ‘selected’
tidak menjelaskan kegiatan subjek, melaikan
hanya memberikan pemarka terhadap kata ‘the
theories’, bukan aktivitas dari ‘the theories’, tetapi
memberikan penjelasan pada ‘the theories’ yang
berperan sebagai head sehingga fungsinya sebagai
adjective. Prepositional phrase pada data tersebut
ditandai preposisi ‘for’ yang diikuti noun phrase.
Noun phrase tersebut adalah article + noun yang
terdiri dari article ‘the’ dan kata ‘reseach’.

IV. SIMPULAN
Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang memaparkan
analisis post-modifier noun phrase pada
abstrak skripsi mahasiswa program studi
program studi bahasa ingris Universitas
Nommensen tahun 2023 dan 2024?
, dapat disimpulkan, pertama, terdapat 25
post-modifier yang muncul dalam bentuk
prepositional phrase ditandai dengan preposisi
‘of’ dan ‘for’setelah head. Kedua, terdapat enam
post-modifier yang muncul dalam bentuk
adjective phrase ditandai dengan kata-kata yang
berfungsi menjelaskan head. Berdasarkan hasil
analisis ditemukan 11 pola susunan berbeda post-
modifier dalam bentuk prepositional phrase, yakni
Preposisi + Noun, Preposisi + Noun + Noun,
Preposisi + Article + Noun, Preposisi + Article +
Adjective + Noun, Preposisi + Gerund + Noun,
Preposisi + Gerund +