Scribd
Upload
17 views42 pages

Web Technologies Overview

The document provides an overview of web technologies, covering the basics of the World Wide Web, HTTP protocols, web browser architecture, web server configuration, web security, CORS, and SEO. It also includes a detailed explanation of HTML and CSS, including structure, formatting, tables, links, images, and advanced CSS features like Flexbox and animations. The content serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and implementing web technologies effectively.

Uploaded by

cricketspremier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views42 pages

Web Technologies Overview

The document provides an overview of web technologies, covering the basics of the World Wide Web, HTTP protocols, web browser architecture, web server configuration, web security, CORS, and SEO. It also includes a detailed explanation of HTML and CSS, including structure, formatting, tables, links, images, and advanced CSS features like Flexbox and animations. The content serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and implementing web technologies effectively.

Uploaded by

cricketspremier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

Web Technologies Overview

1. Basics of WWW (World Wide Web)


The WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet. Users
can view web pages containing text, images, videos, and other multimedia through web
browsers.
- **URL (Uniform Resource Locator):** Address of a web resource.
- **HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):** Communication protocol.
- **HTML (HyperText Markup Language):** Standard language for web pages.

2. HTTP Protocol Methods and Headers


- **HTTP Methods:** Define the action to be performed on resources:
- `GET`: Retrieve data.
- `POST`: Send data to a server.
- `PUT`: Update a resource.
- `DELETE`: Remove a resource.
- `HEAD`, `OPTIONS`, `PATCH`, etc., serve specific purposes.
- **HTTP Headers:** Provide metadata about the request or response.
- **Request Headers:** `Host`, `User-Agent`, `Accept`, `Authorization`.
- **Response Headers:** `Content-Type`, `Set-Cookie`, `Cache-Control`, `Content-Length`.

3. HTTP Request and Response


- **HTTP Request:** Sent by the client to request resources. Includes a method, URL,
headers, and optional body (for `POST`, `PUT`).
- **HTTP Response:** Sent by the server with the requested resource or error message.
Includes a status code (e.g., `200 OK`, `404 Not Found`), headers, and a body (optional).

4. Architecture of Web Browser


Web browsers are client-side applications designed to fetch, render, and display web
content.
- **User Interface:** Toolbar, address bar, etc.
- **Browser Engine:** Manages interactions between UI and rendering engine.
- **Rendering Engine:** Parses HTML, CSS, and displays content.
- **Networking:** Handles HTTP requests and responses.
- **JavaScript Engine:** Executes JavaScript code.
- **Data Storage:** Local storage for cookies, cache, etc.

5. Web Server Installation and Configuration


- **Web Server:** Software that hosts websites and delivers content (e.g., Apache, Nginx).
- **Installation:**
1. Download server software (e.g., Apache, Nginx).
2. Install using package managers (`apt`, `yum`) or binaries.
- **Configuration:**
- Edit configuration files (`httpd.conf`, `nginx.conf`).
- Set document root, server name, and port.
- Enable security features (SSL, firewalls).

6. Web Security
Protecting websites and users from threats like:
- **Common vulnerabilities:**
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
- SQL Injection.
- CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery).
- **Practices:**
- Use HTTPS for encrypted communication.
- Sanitize user inputs.
- Regularly update software.

7. CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)


- **CORS:** Mechanism to allow or restrict resource sharing between different origins.
- **Why needed?** By default, browsers block requests from one origin to another for
security.
- **Implementation:** Controlled using HTTP headers like `Access-Control-Allow-Origin`.

8. Understanding SEO (Search Engine Optimization)


SEO improves the visibility of web pages on search engines.
- **On-Page SEO:** Optimizing content, title tags, meta descriptions, and URL structure.
- **Off-Page SEO:** Building backlinks and increasing site authority.
- **Technical SEO:** Enhancing site speed, mobile responsiveness, and crawlability.

## HTML & CSS Overview

### **HTML**

#### **1. HTML Page Structure**

- HTML pages are divided into two main sections: head and body.

- The **head** contains metadata, such as the title, links to external resources, and meta
tags.

- The **body** contains the visible content displayed on the browser.


- Proper structure ensures the webpage is well-organized and functional.

**Example:**

```html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang=”en”>

<head>

<meta charset=”UTF-8”>

<meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0”>

<title>Basic HTML Page</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Welcome to My Page</h1>

<p>This is a sample HTML page.</p>

</body>

</html>

```

#### **2. Formatting Tags in HTML**

- Formatting tags are used to style text elements for better readability and emphasis.

- `<b>` for bold text.

- `<i>` for italicized text.

- `<u>` for underlined text.

- `<mark>` for highlighting text.


**Example:**

```html

<p><b>Bold</b>, <i>Italic</i>, <u>Underline</u>, <mark>Highlighted</mark> text.</p>

```

#### **3. Tables**

- Tables organize data in rows and columns.

- `<table>`: Main table tag.

- `<tr>`: Defines a row.

- `<td>`: Defines a cell.

- `<th>`: Defines a header cell.

- Common attributes include `border`, `cellpadding`, and `cellspacing`.

**Example:**

```html

<table border=”1”>

<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th>Age</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>John</td>

<td>25</td>

</tr>

</table>
```

#### **4. Links**

- Links enable navigation between webpages or resources.

- `<a>`: Anchor tag for hyperlinks.

- `href`: Attribute specifying the URL of the linked resource.

**Example:**

```html

<a href=https://example.com>Visit Example</a>

```

#### **5. Images**

- Images enhance the visual aspect of a webpage.

- `<img>`: Tag to display images.

- `src`: Path to the image file.

- `alt`: Alternative text for accessibility.

**Example:**

```html

<img src=”image.jpg” alt=”Sample Image” width=”300”>

```
#### **6. Meta Tags**

- Meta tags provide metadata about the HTML document.

- `description`: Summary of the webpage.

- `keywords`: Relevant keywords for SEO.

- `author`: Information about the creator of the document.

**Example:**

```html

<meta name=”description” content=”Learn about HTML and CSS”>

<meta name=”keywords” content=”HTML, CSS, web development”>

<meta name=”author” content=”John Doe”>

```

#### **7. Frames**

- Frames divide a webpage into multiple sections, each displaying a different document.

- `<frameset>`: Defines a set of frames.

- `<frame>`: Specifies the content of each frame.

- Note: Frames are deprecated in modern web development.

**Example:**

```html

<frameset cols=”50%,50%”>

<frame src=”page1.html”>

<frame src=”page2.html”>

</frameset>
```

#### **8. HTML Form Tags**

- Forms collect user input and send it to the server.

- `<form>`: Container for input elements.

- `<input>`: Collects text, passwords, etc.

- `<textarea>`: Multi-line text input.

- `<select>`: Dropdown selection.

**Example:**

```html

<form action=”/submit” method=”post”>

<label for=”name”>Name:</label>

<input type=”text” id=”name” name=”name”>

<input type=”submit” value=”Submit”>

</form>

```

#### **9. Media**

- HTML allows embedding multimedia elements like audio and video.

- `<audio>`: Embeds audio content.

- `<video>`: Embeds video content.

**Example:**
```html

<audio controls>

<source src=”audio.mp3” type=”audio/mpeg”>

</audio>

<video controls width=”400”>

<source src=”video.mp4” type=”video/mp4”>

</video>

```

#### **10. APIs**

- APIs enable dynamic features like geolocation or third-party integrations.

**Example:**

```html

<script>

Navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(position => {

Console.log(“Latitude:”, position.coords.latitude);

});

</script>

```

#### **11. HTML5 Tags in Relation to Validations and SEO**

- **Form Validations:**

- Attributes like `required`, `pattern`, and `type` validate user input directly in the browser.
**Example:**

```html

<input type=”email” required>

```

- **Semantic Tags for SEO:**

- Tags like `<header>`, `<article>`, and `<section>` enhance the structure and improve SEO
rankings.

**Example:**

```html

<header>

<h1>Website Title</h1>

</header>

```

### **CSS**

#### **1. Need for CSS**

- CSS separates content from presentation, making webpages easier to style and maintain.

- Enhances design consistency across multiple pages.

#### **2. Basic Syntax and Structure**


- CSS consists of selectors and declarations.

- Selectors: Target HTML elements.

- Declarations: Define styling properties and values.

**Example:**

```css

Selector {

Property: value;

Body {

Background-color: lightblue;

Color: black;

```

#### **3. Backgrounds**

- Backgrounds can be styled with colors, images, or gradients.

**Example:**

```css

Body {

Background-image: url(‘bg.jpg’);

Background-repeat: no-repeat;

Background-size: cover;
}

```

#### **4. Colors and Properties**

- CSS defines colors using names, hex codes, or RGB values.

**Example:**

```css

H1 {

Color: red;

Background-color: yellow;

```

#### **5. Manipulating Texts**

- CSS provides control over text alignment, transformation, and spacing.

**Example:**

```css

P{

Text-align: center;

Text-transform: uppercase;

```
#### **6. Fonts**

- Fonts are styled using properties like `font-family` and `font-size`.

**Example:**

```css

H1 {

Font-family: Arial, sans-serif;

Font-size: 24px;

```

#### **7. Borders and Boxes**

- Borders outline elements, while box-shadow adds depth.

**Example:**

```css

Div {

Border: 2px solid black;

Border-radius: 10px;

Box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px gray;

```
#### **8. Margins and Padding**

- Margins create space outside elements, while padding creates space inside their
borders.

**Example:**

```css

Div {

Margin: 10px;

Padding: 20px;

```

#### **9. Lists**

- CSS styles unordered, ordered, and custom lists.

**Example:**

```css

Ul {

List-style-type: square;

```

#### **10. CSS2**


- CSS2 introduced advanced features like media queries and pseudo-classes.

**Example:**

```css

A:hover {

Color: blue;

@media (max-width: 600px) {

Body {

Background-color: lightgray;

```

#### **11. Additional CSS Features**

- **Flexbox:**

- Align and distribute items efficiently.

**Example:**

```css

Div {

Display

## HTML & CSS Overview: Advanced CSS Features


### **CSS3**

#### **1. CSS3 Features**

- Introduced new styling capabilities, such as rounded corners, shadows, animations,


transitions, and flexible layouts.

- Enhanced interactivity and visual appeal without relying on JavaScript.

- Introduced modules like Flexbox, Grid, and Media Queries for advanced layouts.

- Added advanced selectors for better element targeting and management.

- Improved support for web fonts, making typography more dynamic and visually
appealing.

**Properties:**

- `border-radius`: Defines rounded corners.

- `box-shadow`: Adds shadow effects.

- `transition`: Creates smooth transitions between property changes.

**Example:** Rounded corners and shadows using CSS3:

```css

Div {

Border-radius: 10px;

Box-shadow: 2px 2px 10px gray;

```

#### **2. Animations**

- CSS animations enable smooth transitions between styles without JavaScript.


- Keyframes define the stages of the animation.

- Properties like `animation-duration`, `animation-timing-function`, and `animation-delay`


offer control over animations.

- Supports chaining multiple animations for complex effects.

**Properties:**

- `@keyframes`: Specifies the animation.

- `animation-name`: Names the animation.

- `animation-duration`: Defines the duration.

- `animation-iteration-count`: Sets the number of times the animation repeats.

**Example:**

```css

@keyframes move {

0% { transform: translateX(0); }

100% { transform: translateX(100px); }

Div {

Animation: move 2s infinite;

```

#### **3. Tooltips**

- Tooltips provide additional information on hover using `::after` or `title` attributes.


- Custom tooltips can be styled dynamically for enhanced user experience.

- Positioning and appearance are fully customizable.

**Properties:**

- `content`: Sets tooltip text.

- `position`: Positions the tooltip.

- `background-color`: Defines tooltip background.

**Example:** Custom Tooltip:

```css

Div {

Position: relative;

Display: inline-block;

Div::after {

Content: “This is a tooltip”;

Position: absolute;

Background-color: black;

Color: white;

Padding: 5px;

Border-radius: 5px;

Top: 100%;

Left: 50%;

Transform: translateX(-50%);

Display: none;
}

Div:hover::after {

Display: block;

```

#### **4. Style Images**

- CSS styles enhance image appearance with borders, filters, and responsive behavior.

- Filters like `grayscale`, `sepia`, `blur`, and `drop-shadow` add creative effects.

- Responsive images can adapt to different screen sizes using relative units.

**Properties:**

- `filter`: Applies effects like grayscale and blur.

- `border`: Adds borders around the image.

- `width` and `height`: Adjust image dimensions.

**Example:**

```css

Img {

Border: 2px solid black;

Filter: grayscale(50%);

Width: 100%;

Height: auto;

}
```

#### **5. CSS Variables**

- Variables store reusable values, improving maintainability and consistency.

- They are defined in a `:root` selector and can be reused throughout the CSS.

- Support fallback values if the variable is not defined.

**Properties:**

- `--variable-name`: Declares a CSS variable.

- `var()`: Retrieves the variable value.

**Example:**

```css

:root {

--main-color: #3498db;

--font-size: 16px;

P{

Color: var(--main-color);

Font-size: var(--font-size);

```
#### **6. Flexbox**

- A CSS layout model for arranging items along a flexible row or column.

- Simplifies alignment, spacing, and responsiveness.

- Offers properties like `justify-content`, `align-items`, and `flex-wrap` for layout control.

- Allows dynamic rearrangement of elements based on screen size.

**Properties:**

- `display: flex`: Activates Flexbox.

- `justify-content`: Aligns items horizontally.

- `align-items`: Aligns items vertically.

**Example:**

```css

.container {

Display: flex;

Justify-content: center;

Align-items: center;

```

#### **7. Media Queries**

- Enable responsive design by applying styles based on device characteristics like screen
size.

- Common breakpoints include 600px, 768px, and 1024px for small, medium, and large
devices.

- Supports multiple conditions, such as screen resolution and orientation.


**Properties:**

- `@media`: Defines media queries.

- Conditions: `(max-width)`, `(min-width)`, and `(orientation)`.

**Example:**

```css

@media (max-width: 768px) {

Body {

Background-color: lightgray;

```

#### **8. Wildcard Selectors**

- Select elements based on partial attribute values:

- `*`: Matches any element.

- `^`: Matches attributes starting with a specific value.

- `$`: Matches attributes ending with a specific value.

- Useful for dynamic styling in forms or links.

**Properties:**

- `[attribute^=”value”]`: Starts with.

- `[attribute$=”value”]`: Ends with.

- `[attribute*=”value”]`: Contains value.


**Example:**

```css

A[href^=”https”] {

Color: green;

A[href$=”.pdf”] {

Text-decoration: underline;

```

#### **9. Working with Gradients**

- Gradients create smooth transitions between colors.

- Linear and radial gradients are common types.

- They can be used for backgrounds, buttons, and borders.

- CSS3 allows defining multiple gradient stops for complex patterns.

**Properties:**

- `background`: Defines the gradient type.

- `linear-gradient`: Creates a linear gradient.

- `radial-gradient`: Creates a radial gradient.

**Example:**

```css

Div {
Background: linear-gradient(to right, red, yellow);

```

#### **10. Pseudo-Classes**

- Apply styles to elements based on their state or position.

- Common pseudo-classes include `:hover`, `:nth-child`, and `:focus`.

- Combine pseudo-classes for advanced effects.

**Properties:**

- `:hover`: Applies styles on hover.

- `:nth-child()`: Targets specific children.

- `:focus`: Styles active form elements.

**Example:**

```css

A:hover {

Color: blue;

Input:focus {

Border-color: green;

```
#### **11. Pseudo-Elements**

- Style specific parts of an element, like the first line or content added before/after.

- Examples include `::before`, `::after`, and `::first-line`.

- Useful for adding decorative elements without altering HTML.

**Properties:**

- `::before`: Adds content before an element.

- `::after`: Adds content after an element.

- `::first-line`: Styles the first line.

**Example:**

```css

P::first-line {

Font-weight: bold;

H1::before {

Content: “★ “;

Color: gold;

```

#### **12. Basics of Frameworks (e.g., Bootstrap)**

- Frameworks like Bootstrap provide pre-designed components and a responsive grid


system to speed up development.
- Includes utilities for typography, forms, buttons, navigation, and modals.

- Enables rapid prototyping and consistent design across projects.

**Properties:**

- `class=”row”`: Defines a row in the grid.

- `class=”col-md-*”`: Sets column width.

- `btn btn-primary`: Predefined button style.

**Example:** Using Bootstrap’s grid system:

```html

<div class=”row”>

<div class=”col-md-6”>Column 1</div>

<div class=”col-md-6”>Column 2</div>

</div>

```

#### **13. Responsive Web Design and Media Queries**

- Focuses on creating adaptable layouts for various devices and screen sizes.

- Media queries are key to implementing responsive design.

- Uses flexible grids, fluid images, and scalable typography.

- Leverages frameworks like Bootstrap for efficient design.

**Properties:**

- `@media`: Applies styles for specific devices.

- `max-width`: Restricts style to devices below a width.


- `orientation`: Targets landscape or portrait modes.

**Example:**

```css

@media (max-width: 600px) {

Body {

Font-size: 12px;

```

### JavaScript Overview with Properties, Information, and Examples

#### **1. JavaScript Syntax**

- JavaScript syntax defines the set of rules for writing valid JavaScript code.

- JavaScript is case-sensitive and uses semicolons (`;`) to terminate statements.

- Supports various data types (strings, numbers, booleans, arrays, objects), control
structures, and object-oriented programming.

- Uses functions and closures to provide modular code.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let message = “Hello, World!”;

Console.log(message);

```
#### **2. Types of JavaScript**

- **Client-Side JavaScript**: Runs on the browser, enabling interactive features like form
validation, dynamic content updates, and DOM manipulation.

- **Server-Side JavaScript**: Runs on servers using platforms like Node.js for backend
processing, database interaction, and APIs.

#### **3. Variables**

- Variables store data values and can be declared using `var`, `let`, or `const`.

- `let` allows block-scoped variables, while `const` defines constants that cannot be
reassigned.

- Dynamic typing allows variables to hold different data types during execution.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let age = 25;

Const PI = 3.14159;

Age = 30; // Valid because “age” is declared with “let”

// PI = 3.14; // Error because “PI” is a constant

```

#### **4. Arrays**

- Arrays store multiple values in a single variable and support ordered data.

- Properties: `length`, `push()`, `pop()`, `shift()`, `unshift()`, `splice()`.


- Methods for iteration: `forEach()`, `map()`, `filter()`, `reduce()`.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let fruits = [“Apple”, “Banana”, “Cherry”];

Fruits.push(“Mango”); // Adds Mango to the array

Console.log(fruits.length); // Outputs: 4

```

#### **5. Functions**

- Functions perform tasks or calculate values.

- Can accept parameters, have default values, and return results.

- Arrow functions (`=>`) provide a shorthand syntax for defining functions.

**Example:**

```javascript

Function add(a, b) {

Return a + b;

Console.log(add(3, 4)); // Outputs: 7

// Arrow function

Const multiply = (a, b) => a * b;

Console.log(multiply(2, 5)); // Outputs: 10

```
#### **6. Conditions**

- JavaScript supports `if`, `else if`, `else`, and `switch` for conditional logic.

- Conditional (ternary) operator: `condition ? expr1 : expr2`.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let score = 75;

If (score > 50) {

Console.log(“Pass”);

} else {

Console.log(“Fail”);

// Using ternary operator

Console.log(score > 50 ? “Pass” : “Fail”);

```

#### **7. Loops**

- Loops repeat code blocks: `for`, `while`, `do-while`, and `forEach` for arrays.

- `break` exits the loop, while `continue` skips to the next iteration.

**Example:**

```javascript
For (let I = 1; I <= 5; i++) {

Console.log(i);

```

#### **8. Popup Boxes**

- **Alert Box**: Displays a message.

- **Confirm Box**: Asks for confirmation.

- **Prompt Box**: Takes input from the user.

**Example:**

```javascript

Alert(“This is an alert box!”);

Let userResponse = confirm(“Do you agree?”);

Let userName = prompt(“Enter your name:”);

```

#### **9. JavaScript Objects and DOM**

- Objects represent real-world entities with properties and methods.

- DOM (Document Object Model) manipulates HTML elements dynamically, allowing you to
traverse and modify the document tree.

- Common properties: `innerHTML`, `style`, `attributes`.

**Example:**
```javascript

Let person = {

Name: “John”,

Age: 30,

Greet: function() {

Console.log(“Hello, “ + this.name);

};

Person.greet();

// DOM manipulation example

Let element = document.getElementById(“demo”);

Element.innerHTML = “Welcome!”;

```

#### **10. JavaScript Inbuilt Functions**

- Common functions: `parseInt()`, `parseFloat()`, `isNaN()`, `JSON.stringify()`,


`JSON.parse()`, `setTimeout()`, `setInterval()`.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let num = “25”;

Console.log(parseInt(num)); // Converts string to number

setTimeout(() => console.log(“Hello after 2 seconds”), 2000);

```
#### **11. JavaScript Validations**

- Validates form inputs for required fields, formats, and length.

- Prevents submission of invalid data.

**Example:**

```javascript

Function validate() {

Let email = document.getElementById(“email”).value;

If (email === “”) {

Alert(“Email is required!”);

Return false;

Return true;

```

#### **12. Regular Expressions**

- Patterns for matching strings, validating formats, and searching/replacing text.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let pattern = /^[a-z0-9]+@[a-z]+\.[a-z]{2,3}$/;

Console.log(pattern.test([email protected])); // Outputs: true


```

#### **13. Event Handling**

- Allows handling user actions like clicks, keypresses, mouse movements, etc.

- Event properties: `target`, `type`, `currentTarget`.

**Example:**

```javascript

Document.getElementById(“btn”).addEventListener(“click”, function(event) {

Console.log(“Button clicked!”);

Console.log(event.target.id); // Outputs the ID of the clicked element

});

```

#### **14. Callbacks**

- A function passed as an argument to another function, executed after an operation.

**Example:**

```javascript

Function greet(callback) {

Callback(“Hello!”);

Greet(function(message) {

Console.log(message);
});

```

#### **15. Function as Arguments**

- Functions can be arguments for higher-order functions.

**Example:**

```javascript

Function square(num) {

Return num * num;

Function calculate(func, value) {

Return func(value);

Console.log(calculate(square, 5)); // Outputs: 25

```

#### **16. Object Concepts**

- Objects in JavaScript have properties (key-value pairs) and methods (functions).

- Supports dynamic property addition, inheritance using prototypes, and encapsulation.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let car = {
Brand: “Toyota”,

Start: function() {

Console.log(“Car started”);

};

Car.start();

```

#### **17. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)**

- Lightweight data interchange format.

- Methods: `JSON.stringify()`, `JSON.parse()`.

- Supports nesting of objects and arrays.

**Example:**

```javascript

Let obj = { name: “John”, age: 30 };

Let jsonString = JSON.stringify(obj);

Console.log(jsonString); // Converts object to JSON string

Let parsedObj = JSON.parse(jsonString);

Console.log(parsedObj.name); // Outputs: John

```
### ReactJS Overview with Properties, Information, and Examples

#### **1. ReactJS Introduction**

- ReactJS is an open-source JavaScript library developed by Facebook for building user


interfaces, particularly single-page applications (SPAs).

- It follows a component-based architecture, enabling reusable UI components.

- React uses a virtual DOM for efficient updates and rendering.

**Key Features:**

- **Declarative Syntax**: Describes what the UI should look like.

- **Component-Based Architecture**: Encourages reusable and maintainable code.

- **Virtual DOM**: Optimizes DOM manipulation.

- **One-Way Data Binding**: Ensures data flows in a single direction.

- **JSX (JavaScript XML)**: Combines HTML-like syntax with JavaScript logic.

**Example:**

```jsx

Import React from ‘react’;

Import ReactDOM from ‘react-dom’;

Function App() {

Return <h1>Hello, React!</h1>;

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById(‘root’));

```
#### **2. React Installation (Using create-react-app)**

- **Prerequisites**: Install Node.js and npm (Node Package Manager).

- Run the following commands to set up a React application:

```bash

Npx create-react-app my-app

Cd my-app

Npm start

```

- The above commands create a boilerplate React project and launch a development
server.

#### **3. React Features**

- **JSX**: Simplifies writing React components by allowing HTML-like syntax.

- **Components**: Modular and reusable pieces of the UI.

- **State and Props**: Manage dynamic data and communicate between components.

- **Hooks**: Functions like `useState` and `useEffect` for managing state and lifecycle in
functional components.

- **Context API**: Shares global data across components without prop drilling.

#### **4. Pros & Cons**

- **Pros:**

- Component-based architecture promotes reusability and modularity.

- Efficient rendering using the virtual DOM.


- Large community and ecosystem.

- Rich toolset and developer experience.

- **Cons:**

- Steep learning curve for beginners.

- Requires third-party libraries for full functionality (e.g., routing, state management).

- Frequent updates may cause compatibility issues.

#### **5. ReactJS vs AngularJS**

- **ReactJS**:

- Library for UI components.

- One-way data binding.

- Virtual DOM for rendering efficiency.

- **AngularJS**:

- Full-fledged MVC framework.

- Two-way data binding.

- Real DOM updates, which may impact performance.

#### **6. ReactJS vs React Native**

- **ReactJS**: Used for web applications.

- **React Native**: Used for building mobile applications with native performance using
React principles.
#### **7. React vs Vue**

- **React**:

- Focuses on UI development.

- Requires third-party libraries for routing and state management.

- **Vue**:

- Integrated framework with built-in solutions for routing and state management.

- Simpler to learn and use.

#### **8. JSX (JavaScript XML)**

- JSX combines HTML-like syntax with JavaScript logic.

- Allows embedding expressions in curly braces (`{}`).

**Example:**

```jsx

Const element = <h1>Hello, {name}!</h1>;

```

#### **9. React Components**

- **Functional Components**: Simpler and primarily use hooks.

- **Class Components**: Older syntax using lifecycle methods.

- Components can accept `props` to make them reusable.


**Example:**

```jsx

Function Greeting(props) {

Return <h1>Hello, {props.name}!</h1>;

```

#### **10. Life Cycle**

- React components go through several lifecycle stages:

- **Mounting**: Component is created and inserted into the DOM.

- **Updating**: Component re-renders due to state or prop changes.

- **Unmounting**: Component is removed from the DOM.

**Lifecycle Methods:**

- `componentDidMount`, `componentDidUpdate`, `componentWillUnmount`.

#### **11. React Forms**

- React forms handle user input using controlled components.

- Controlled components link form elements to React state.

**Example:**

```jsx

Function Form() {

Const [name, setName] = React.useState(“”);


Const handleSubmit = € => {

e.preventDefault();

alert(`Hello, ${name}!`);

};

Return (

<form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>

<input type=”text” value={name} onChange={€ => setName(e.target.value)} />

<button type=”submit”>Submit</button>

</form>

);

```

#### **12. React Events**

- React handles events using camelCase syntax (`onClick`, `onChange`).

- Event handlers can access event properties using synthetic events.

**Example:**

```jsx

Function ClickButton() {

Const handleClick = () => {

Console.log(“Button clicked!”);

};
Return <button onClick={handleClick}>Click Me</button>;

```

You might also like