Introduction to Microcontroller (Paper II) Computer Science Std.

XII
Q.1 What is microcontroller ? Explain in short
Ans 1)Mircorontroller is a complete microprocessor system,consists of microprocessor,limited amount of RAM
ROM or EPROM & I/O ports built on single Integrated Circuit (IC)
2)It is a microcomputer but it is called microcontroller because it controls the functions
3)The designer of microcontroller identify all the needs & build a microprocessor system as per the needs
4)It also consists of serial & parallel I/O ports,timer & clock
5)Microcontroller is complex than microprocessor because it consists of many more components
6) E.g: Intel 8048,8051
Q.2 Define microcontroller.State any four advantages of the same over microprocessor based system
Ans 1)Mircorontroller is a complete microprocessor system,consists of microprocessor,limited amount of RAM
ROM or EPROM & I/O ports built on single Integrated Circuit (IC)
2)Advantages of microcontroller over microprocessor based system...
i)The cost of microcontroller is less than microprocessor based system.
ii)It has more I/O components than microprocessor based system.
iii)It can be used in wide variety of intelligent products such as PC keyboards which is not possible with
microprocessor based systems
iv)Many low cost products such as electronic toys,electric drills,microwave ovens,VCR are based on
microcontroller.This is not the case in microprocessor based system.
Q.3 What are the main features of 8051 ?
Ans 1)The 8051 has 8-bit ALU 2)It has 4 KB (4K X 8) ROM or EPROM
3)It has 128 bytes(128 X 8 bit) RAM 4)It has dual 16-bit timer event counter
5)It has 32 I/O lines for four 8-bit ports 6)It can address upto 64 KB of program memory
6)It can address upto 64 KB of data memory 7)It consists of 111 powerful ) instructions set
1
8)It has two external interrupts 90
9)It has clock upto 12-MHz
5
frequency
10)Full featured serial port
26
Q.4 Explain memory map of 8051 microcontroller with the help23of neat diagram
Ans 1)The 8051 has two seperate memory spaces i.e. i) Program - 98 Memory Space & ii) Data Memory Space
2)Diagram : al
w
b er
FFFF FFFF Upto 60 KB Ba FFFF
s y
Upto ir ’
of external
S nja Upto
64 KB of ROMi or a 64 KB of
a th (S
e
External
a ra
S E
1000t R EPROM
cienc External

RI
ROM and RAM
Bh r S
or EPROM 0FFF Upto 60 KB te 00F8 Special Function
of external p u 80 Regis- ters
m
ROMCo or 7F 128 Bytes
0000 0000 EPROM 0000 RAM 0000

Program Memory (ROM) Data Memory (RAM)

3)The Program memory is Read Only Memory (ROM) space,it is used to store the programs
4)It is possible the read the program but the processor can not write data into this memory
5)All the instructions are fetched from Program Memory Space
6)The Data Memory Space is Read/Write (RAM) space,the processro can read/write data into this memory
7)The 128 bytes of internal RAM provide read/write operations,some part is reffered as registers
8)The 8051 has 22 special functions registers from 00F8 H to 0080 H used for intended purpose
9)The 4 KB of program memory can be expanded by additionsl 60 KB making 64 KB of program memory
Q.5 Give the main features of 8048 microcontroller
Ans 1)The 8048 has clock frequency from 2 MHz - 4 MHz 2)It has 27 I/O lines
3)It has 1 KB of ROM or EPROM 4)It has 64 bytes of RAM
5)It has one 8-bit timer event counter 6)Address capacity of 4 KB
Q.6 Explain in detail other microcontrollers in 8051 family
Ans 8051 is second generation microcontroller
A) 8048,49 & 50 :
i)Intel’s first microcontroller was 8048 further 49 & 50 had execption of memory size only
ii)The internal memory of 8048 is 1 KB,8049 with 2 KB & 8050 with 4 KB
iii)8048 has 64 bytes internal RAM with 32 bytes of momory locations,the 8049 & 8050 have 128 & 256
bytes of RAM respectively
iv)These microcontrollers are of low cost products hence are very popular
B)8052 :
i)8052 is simple extention of 8051
ii)8052 has 8 KB of onboard ROM & 256 bytes of onboard RAM
 Introduction to Microcontroller (Paper II) Computer Science Std. XII
iii)8052 allows programmer to write larger programs & can use more data
iv)The cost of 8052 is more than 8051
v)The 8052 also has one extra 16-bit timer counter which gives more flexibility
C)8031 & 8032 :
i)The alternative versions of 8051 & 8052 are 8031 & 8032
ii)These devices do not have onboard ROM,it can use external ROM for program memory
iii)These are excellent devices for prototyping & low volume products
D) 8052 AH-Basic :
i)8052 uses Basic Programming language in ROM
ii)Using Basic Language Instructions a programer can write instructions for 8052 rather than Assembly Language
Q.7 Compare between microcontrollers 8051 & 8052
Ans Microcontroller 8051 Microcontroller 8052
1.Microcontroller 8051 has 4 KB of ROM or 1.Microcontroller 8052 has 8 KB of onboard
EPROM ROM or EPROM
2.It has 128 bytes of RAM 2.It has 256 bytes of RAM
3.It has dual 16-bit timer event counter 3.It has an extra 16-bit timer event counter
4.It cost is less than microcontroller 8052 4.It cost is high than microcontroller 8051
5.Programmer can not write larger programs 5.Programmer can write larger 0programs 1)
59
compare to microcontroller 8052 compare to microcontroller 8051
3 26
Q.8 Write the applications of microcontroller 2
Ans 1)Microcontrollers are used as machines as distributed processing - 98
2)They are used in chemical processors,medical instrumentation & guidance al control systems
r w
3)They can be used in simple timing,bit (set/reset) functions or high
a be speed data processing speed
4)They are used in many low cost products such as electronic toys,microwave B ovens,VCRs
s y
a multimeters
5)Microcontroller are used in home security r ’ systems,intelligemt
nj
i Si a
6)The PC keyboards are implemented with h a microcontroller,it(S replaces scanning,matric decoding &
at e
transmission circuits
a ra
t R

S E ienc

RI
Bh **** Best ofr SLuck c
****
te
pu
m
Co