Virtualization

Mahfooz Alam
Assistant Professor
Department of MCA
G. L. Bajaj College of Technology
and Management, Greater Noida
 Outlines
Collaborating with Virtualization:
1. Virtualization
2. Types of Virtualization
3. System Virtualization
4. Process Virtual Machine
5. Implementation Level of Virtualization
6. Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
 Virtualization
• Virtualization is an abstraction layer that decouples the physical hardware from the
operating system to delivers greater its resource utilization and flexibility.
• The virtualization platform provide the isolation of platform and allows multiple
businesses to run multiple virtual machines on the same physical machine.
• Virtualization is technology that you can use to create virtual representation of
servers, storage, networks, and others physical machine. Virtual software mimics
the functions of physical hardware to run multiple virtual machines simultaneously
on a single physical machine.
• Virtualization is a technique how to separate a service from the underlying physical
delivery of that service. It is the process of creating a virtual version of something.
 Why we need of Virtualization..?
• Reduce the cost of existing infrastructure by reducing operational and system
management cost while maintaining needed capacity.
• Reduce the complexity of adding to the infrastructure.
• Gather information and collaboration across the organization to increase both the
utilization of information and its effective use.
• Virtualization allows sharing of single physical instance of a resource or an
application among multiple customers and organization at one time.
 Advantages of Virtualization
1. Money saving :- with virtualization technology, the number of physical servers can
be reduced.
2. Dramatic increase in control :- Virtualization provides a flexible foundation to
provide capacity according to the demand for an organization. New servers can be
quickly deployed. Therefore, services can be provided within minutes.
3. Business Readiness assessment :- Virtualization introduce a shared computing
model to an enterprise and it is easy to understand infrastructure requirements in
virtualization environment.
 Benefits of Virtualization
1. More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.
2. Enhance development productivity.
3. It Lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
4. Remote access and rapid scalability.
5. High availability and disaster recovery.
6. Pay per use of IT infrastructure on demand.
7. Arrivals winning multiple operating system.
 Disadvantages of Virtualization
1. High initial investment :- Clouds have a very high initial investment, but it is also
true that it will help in reducing the cost of companies.
2. Learning new infrastructure :- As the companies shifted from servers to cloud, it
requires highly skilled staff who have still to work the cloud easily and for this you
have to hire new staff or provide training to current staff.
3. Risk of data :- Hosting data on third-party resources can lead to putting the data at
risk, it has the chance of getting attacked by any hacker or cracker very easily.
 Characteristics of Virtualization
Characteristics:
1. Increase security :- The ability to control the execution of a guest programs in a
completely transparent manner opens new possibilities for delivering a secure,
controlled execution environment.
2. Sharing :- Virtualization allows the creation of separate computing environment
within the same host. This basic feature is used to reduce the number of active
servers and limit power consumption.
3. Aggregation :- A group of separate hosts can be tied together and represented to
guests as a single virtual host.
4. Emulation :- Guest programs are executed within an environment that is controlled
by the virtualization layer. which ultimately is a program.
5. Isolation :- Virtualization allows providing guest whether they are operating system,
application or other entities with a completely separate environment in which they
are executed.
 Types of Virtualization
Virtual Machine manager is also called hypervisor. This is one of many hardware
virtualization technique that allows multiple operating system termed guests, to run
concurrently on a host computer.
Types of Virtualization:
1. Application virtualization :-
• Application virtualization operates application on computer as if they reside
naturally on the hard drive but instead are running on server.
• The ability to use RAM and CPU to run the programs while storing them on server.
• Application virtualization helps a user to have remote access to an application from
a server. The server stores all personal information and other characteristics of the
application but can still on local workstation through the internet.
 Types of Virtualization [Cont..]
2. Network virtualization :- The ability to run multiple virtual network with each
having a separate control and data plan. Network virtualization provide a facility to
create and provision virtual networks, logical switches, routers, firewalls and virtual
private network (VPN).
3. Hardware virtualization :- When the virtual machines software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware system is known as hardware
virtualization. After virtualization of hardware system, we can install different
operating system on it and run different applications on these OS.
4. Operating system virtualization :- When the virtual machines software or virtual
machine manager (VMM) is installed on host operating system instead of directly
on the hardware system is known as operating system virtualization. Operating
system virtualization is used for testing the application on different platform of
operating system.
5. Storage virtualization :- Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the
physical storage from multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a single
storage device. Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software
application.
 Types of Virtualization [Cont..]
6. Server virtualization :-
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly
installed on the server system is known as server virtualization. Server virtualization is
done because a single physical server can be divided into multiple servers on the
demand basis and for balancing the load.

Application Application

Operating System Operating System

CPU, Memory, Disk CPU, Memory, Disk

Virtualization/Hypervisor

CPU Memory Disk

 Types of Virtualization [Cont..]
6. Server virtualization :-
Server virtualization works as masking of the server computer that compares the count
and identity of resources with servers, storage processors and operating system from
the end user.
7. Data virtualization :-
This is kind of virtualization in which data is calleted from various resources and
managed at single place without knowing more about technical information like how
data is collected, stored & formatted then arrange the data logically so that virtual view
can be accessed by its interested people, stakeholder and user through the various
cloud services remotely.
Hardware Virtualization Vs Server Virtualization
Difference between Hardware Virtualization and Server Virtualization :-

Aspect Hardware Virtualization Server Virtualization

Definition Refers to creating virtual Involves dividing a physical

machine that mimic the entire server into multiple virtual
physical computer system. servers.
Focus Primarily focuses on Primarily focuses on
virtualizing the entire virtualizing the server
hardware infrastructure. hardware.
Purpose Enables running multiple Allows efficient utilization of
operating system on a single server resources.
physical machine.
Resource sharing Shares physical resources Shares the physical server
among multiple virtual resources among multiple
machines. virtual machines.
Use case example Running windows and LINUX Running multiple web servers,
operating system database servers or
simultaneously on a single application servers on a single
physical computer. physical server.
 System Virtualization
System virtualization :-
• System virtual Machine provides a complete system platform which supports the
execution of complete operating system.
• System virtual machines sometimes called hardware virtual machines allow the
sharing of underlying physical machine resources between virtual machine each
running its own operating system.
• These types of virtual machines gives us complete system platform and gives the
execution of complete operating system, system virtual machine is providing an
environment for an OS to be installed completely.
• We can see in below image that our hardware of real machine is being distributed
between two simulated operating system by virtual machine monitor.
 System Virtualization
APP APP APP APP APP APP APP APP

Operating System Operating System

Simulated Machine Simulated Machine

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

Hardware (Real Machine)

Advantages:- Multiple OS environments can co-exist on the same computer in strong

isolation from each other.
Disadvantage:-Virtualization means decoupling from physical hardware available to host
PC, this usually means access to devices need to go through the virtualization solution
and this may not always be possible.
 Process Virtual Machine
Process virtual machine :- A process VM sometimes called an application virtual
machine inside an OS and supports a single process.
• It is created when that process is started and destroyed when it exits.
• It provides a platform independent programming environment that abstract away
details of the underlying hardware or operating system and allows a program to
execute in the same way on any platform.
• Process virtual machine does not provide with the facility to installed virtual
operating system. It creates virtual environment of that OS while using same app or
program and this environment will be destroyed as soon as we exit from that app.
• In below image there are some apps running on main OS as well some virtual
machine are created to run other apps.
 Process Virtual Machine [Cont…]

APP APP APP

Operating System-2 Operating System-3

APP Virtual Machine

Operating System-1

Hardware (Real Machine)

Hooking is the process by which application intercepts an API call between two other
applications.
Implementation Level of Virtualization
Application Level JVM/.NET

Library (User Level API) Level WINE/Visual Main Win

Operating System Level Virtual Environment

VM Ware/Virtual PC/Xen User Mode

Hardware Abstraction Layer
Linux/Cooperative Linux

Instruction Set Architecture Bochs/BIRD/Dynamo

Implementation Level of Virtualization
1. Instruction set architecture level :- ISA virtualization can function through ISA
emulation. It is easy to use for running legacy code specially written for different
hardware configurations.
• A binary code is capable of running on x86 machines by using it these codes run on
any virtual machine. The focal point is that it is possible to make the virtual machine
hardware agnostic via ISA.
• Emulation is the use of application program or device to imitate the behaviour
another program or device.
2. Hardware abstraction layer :-
• HAL allows for virtualization to happen at the level of hardware by making use of
hypervisor.
• It allows for the virtualization of every hardware component such as memory, I/O
devices, processor. Mostly utilized in cloud-based infrastructure as multiple users
will not be able to use the same hardware and multiple virtualization instance is
same time frame.
Implementation Level of Virtualization
3. Operating system level :- Virtualization model is capable to creating a layer that is
abstract between the operating system and its application.
• It is mainly used in case of multiple users with no one waiting to share hardware.
4. Library support level :- Virtualization with library interfaces is possible by
controlling the communication link between applications and rest of system though
API hooks.
5. Application level :- It is generally used in case of running virtual machine that
function on high-level language and support-high level program compilation such
that the virtual machine runs smoothly.
 Virtual Machine Monitor
Virtual Machine monitor :-
• Virtual Machine monitor (VMM) is a software program that enables the creation
management and governance of virtual machines (VM) and manages the operation
of virtualized environment on top of a physical host machine.
• VMM is also called hypervisor. VMM manages the backend operation of these VM
by allocating the necessary computing, memory, storage and other I/S resources.
• VMM provides centralized interface for managing entire operation, Status and
availability of VM's that are installed over a single host or spread across different
and interconnected hosts.
• It provides abstraction layer that emulates the underlying hardware and allows VM
to run independently of each other.
• VMM handles scheduling deciding how CPU time is allocated among virtual
machines to ensure fair sharing of resources.
 Properties of Virtual Machine Monitor
Properties of virtual machine :-
I. Complete operating system :- Virtual machine is self contained entity with its own
operating system which runs independently of the host system.
II. Virtual hardware :- Virtual machine emulates virtual hardware components.
III. Isolation :- Each virtual machine operates in isolation from other VM's and
underlying physical hardware.
IV. Portability :- Virtual machine are portable meaning they can be easily moved to
other physical servers.
V. Resource allocation :- Virtual machine is allocated a portion of the physical server
resources. VMM manages and controls these allocation.