URSI-RCRS 2024, ARIES/GEHU, Bhimtal, India, 22 - 25 October, 2024

URSI Summary Paper Template

First A. Author(1), Second B. Author* (1), and Third C. Author(2)
(1) The ABC Company, Wash., DC, 20031, http://xxx.xxxx.xxx
(2) The Next Company, Neverland, USA

Abstract Additionally, usage of meta-material structures ranging

from Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG structures) to
These instructions provide guidance and a template for Frequency Selective Structures (FSS) acts as stop-bands
the preparation of a Summary Paper for the URSI to manipulate electromagnetic waves by blocking,
Flagship Meetings. absorbing, enhancing or bending them. However
metamaterial structures may not be suitable for
I. Introduction contemporary compact device designs due to their bulky
structure and difficult to design, analysis and fabricate
In recent years, wireless communication has seen a sharp heavy and complex structures.
increase in the amount of data used. Among the different In this letter, we propose a compact, low profile,
cellular networks, 5G mobile network technology has an isolation-enhanced 4 port MIMO antenna using
edge over other network technology offering low latency, Orthogonal Polarization technique for 5G/ WLAN
faster speed, higher bandwidth to name a few. While Application. Performance of proposed work is critically
implementing 5G specifications, Multiple Input-Multiple compared with existent MIMO antennas in Table:1 in the
Output (MIMO) Technology has proved to be better available literature. Salient contributions of the proposed
among other antenna technology [1]. MIMO systems work are enlightened below:
constructed on patch antennas have attracted much 1. A single-element antenna’s performance
attentions from researchers due to their natural low profile analysis based on a parametric study is
and low cost [2]. mentioned along with T-shaped modifiers
attached with parent antenna.
MIMO technology reduces multipath fading and increases 2. Study of linear polarization and orthogonal
data transmission capacity when compared to single- polarization in 2-port MIMO system.
antenna systems. But designing a MIMO system for 5G 3. Isolation is enhanced while using orthogonal
application poses challenging task because of mutual orientation along with Defected Ground
coupling & poor isolation caused by radiating elements Structure technique (DGS). Further, Gain is
placed at closed proximity. The most common approach enhanced while using DGS structure as well.
to this is to increase the distance between antennas. As a 4. The mentioned MIMO systems in Table:1 deals
result, we get to see less interference but at the expense of with either bandwidth or isolation enhancement
greater surface area. Thus numerous solutions have been in a compact MIMO structure. Such works
proposed to reduce mutual coupling between antenna incorporates only superficial features in their
elements. literature. Moreover, the proposed work
The 1st method is this line is the suppression method analyses diversity metrics along with basic
which has been extensively researched and implemented antenna parameters.
with an aim to supress coupling effects by employing 5. The simulated S-parameters and radiation
Defective Ground Structures (DGS) [3], [4], [5]. patterns have been discussed to evaluate the
However, it is noteworthy that using DGS structures performance of a MIMO antenna. The simulated
increase backward radiation. The 2 nd method introduces results are within the industry standard limits.
additional coupling paths to counteract original coupling. These results demonstrate the compact novel
This method includes neutralization lines, parasitic MIMO antenna design with low cost apt for
elements or decoupling networks [6],. Additional 5G / WLAN application.
decoupling structures gains high isolation but
considerably increase the complexity and dimensions of
the MIMO systems. Placing adjacent radiating elements
II. Antenna Configurations
in orthogonal fashion is the 3 rd method employed to
Fig.1 (a) and Fig.1 (b) show the top and bottom view of
reduce mutual coupling and enhance isolation among
the proposed MIMO antenna. The 2x2 MIMO antenna is
antenna elements without using any decoupling structure.
 ( 2p )
placed on a FR-4 substrate (ε r =4.4, h=1.6mm). All of the
4 elements with identical structure are placed at four r 2e λ 2 G C s L sec θ √ π Γ (1).
corners of the substrate as ports 1,2,3,4 in anti-clockwise '
T=
direction. Any 2 adjacent elements are placed in
orthogonal fashion. In addition, a series of defective
ground using dumbbell-shaped structure are etched on the
4π Γ
2
( p+12 )
ground in such a way that it is in between the two
adjacent antenna. The overall antenna structure is in 5. Figures and Tables
square shape. Isolation is achieved by orthogonal
polarization technique used. Series of dumbbell-shaped 5.1 Figures
DGS structure enhanced isolation along with increase in
antenna gain. In a single battery, we have 4 dumbbell- Figures should include a caption beneath the figure (in
shaped DGS placed longitudinally as in Times Roman 10 pt.) and the caption should include the
Fig:1 (c). The optimized dimension through parametric Figure number in bold. Figure 1 provides an example.
study is mentioned in Table 2. For designing and
simulating the MIMO system, Ansys HFSS 5.2 Tables
Electromagnetic Suite 19.2 is used.
Likewise, tables should include a caption (in Times
III. Investigation of the antenna Roman 10 pt.) but this time above the table. The caption
should include the table number in bold.
This segment is dedicated to the performance
characteristics of the various stages through which the
proposed antenna has gone and up to final design is being
reached. From single element to multi-element structure
are discussed separately by analyzing S-parameters. Both
reflection and transmission co-efficient S11 & S21
describe the function of corresponding antenna structures.

a. Analysis of Single Element

The antenna dimension of a single element is 5.5x5.5 mm2
and is designed at 5.78 GHz with a coaxial probe feed as
shown in Fig: 2 (a). To get the resonance at 4.8 GHz, T-
shaped strips are added on either sides of the patch as in
Fig: 2 (b). Fig: 3 shows the shift in resonant frequency as
the patch gets modified.

b. 1 x 2 MIMO Antenna Study

The investigation of two- element MIMO antenna Figure 1. Ascension Island (7.9°S, 14.8°W showing the
structure and S-parameter characteristics are discussed as ESA Tracking Station which was the location of the fixed
case studies for further development of final MIMO receiver and the road (shown in black) along which the
system in the following section: mobile measurements were made).
The design process is segregated into two paths: Placing
antenna elements in 1. Linear position 2. Orthogonal
6. Acknowledgements
Position. Considering both the cases, we get to see
noticeable developments. Fig: 4(a) and 4(b) gives the
Acknowledgements go in here.
S(1,1), S(2,2) and S(2,1),S(1,2) plots of both cases
respectively. Not much difference can be observed in the
reflection coefficient of both the antennas, but a 7. References
substantial change in the transmission coefficient while
employing orthogonal positioning is evident. Reasons [1] Leeladhar Malviya, Rajib K. Panigrahi, M.V.
being Equations should be centered with the equation Kartikeyan, “MIMO Antennas for Wireless
numbers right justified in the following format: Communication:- Theory and Design”, CRC Press,
2021.
[2] Constantine A. Balanis, “Chapter: 14 Microstrip
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[3] D. Gao, Z.-X. Cao, S.-D. Fu, X. Quan, and P. Chen,
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[6] H. Nguyen-Manh, D.-P. Pham, G. Nguyen-Hoai, H.-
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[7] Trushit Upadhyaya, Vishal Sorathiya, Samah Al-
shathri, Walid El-Shafai, Upesh Patel, Killol
Vishnuprasad Pandya & Ammar Armghan,” Quad-port
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[8] A. Iqbal, A. Smida, A. J. Alazemi, M. I. Waly, N. K.
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Antennas Propag., vol. 10, no. 15, pp. 1721–1724,2016.

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