Absolute Beginners lab guide

Module 01

Module 02 – Network components

You have learned about computer communication and the process in which information is
encapsulated. You also learned about several services that computers can access. But most
importantly you have learned several network components and how they help to share
information with the world.

Local Area Network and Wide Area Network

A group of devices that are confined to a small geographical area like an office or your home
network is considered a Local Area Network (LAN). When your smartphone shares data to
your laptop you are using the LAN to locally communicate.
To communicate with other LANs, let’s say when you set up a call with your best friend who
lives in a different city, you need to use a Wide Area Network (WAN). Typically service
providers deploy infrastructure across cities, countries and continents to create the WAN.
The WAN is of course a network that spans across big geographical areas.

Network elements

A network is composed of two general device types: Endpoints and networking devices
• Endpoints are considered clients that use the network to communicate. Examples
include:
o Smartphones
o Laptops
o Tablets
o Printers
o Videogame consoles

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o Refrigerators
o Automobiles
• Networking devices are devices that help to make the communication possible, creating
paths and bridges or providing services to the endpoints. Examples include:
o Layer 2 Switches
o Routers
o Wireless Access Points
o Servers

Note. There are more networking elements that can be placed in a network. This document
focus on the basic elements.

Networking devices

In this section, you explore the functionality of the four network elements listed above.

• Switches – Perhaps the most basic network element, switches provide connectivity
between devices in a LAN using a network cable. These devices operate at Layer 2 of
the OSI reference model. This means that they understand what a MAC address is and
take forwarding decisions based on this information.

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Note. In module 3, you will learn more about switches.

• Access Point (AP) – This element provides wireless connectivity to endpoints. These
devices also operate at Layer 2 of the OSI reference model. This means that they are
aware of the MAC addressing used. A group of devices that are connected via wireless
connectivity create a Wireless LAN (WLAN).

• Router – This element is used to interconnect networks - either LAN to LAN or LAN to
WAN. These devices operate at Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. This implies that
they can process IP addresses to select paths to reach a destination.
Note. In module 4, you will learn more about routers.

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Networking devices – Multilayer switch and Wireless Modem

Thus far, networking elements have been described as performing a single function -
switching, or routing, or acting as an Access Point (AP). At some point, network engineers
began to wonder if they might combine functionalities in a single box. This resulted in hybrid
network devices that serve multiple functions.

• Multilayer switches combine the functionality of a router and switch, creating a single
device that can switch within a single LAN, and route between multiple LANs.

• Wireless Modems combine the functionality of a router, a switch, and even an AP. A
single device in your home can broadcast an RF signal, it can connect your LAN to a
WAN (typically Internet) and it offers some ports where devices can connect using a
network cable.

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Communication Types: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

There are three communication types that can be establish in a LAN:

• Unicast – Refers to one-to-one communication. In the figure you can see how Alice’s
laptop only communicates with Bob’s laptop.
• Multicast – Refers to one-to-many but not all communication. The figure illustrates that
all the devices except for the printer belong to the same multicast group.
• Broadcast – Refers to one-to-all communication. Alice’s laptop sends a broadcast
message to find a printer. All members receive this message, but only the printer
responds.

Broadcast Domain
Sending broadcast messages help devices to discover other endpoints. But this process
must be handled properly to avoid overwhelming the LAN. LANs can easily handle a

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reasonable number of devices that send and process broadcast messages. However, large
networks that have hundreds or thousands of endpoints need to segregate the broadcast
traffic. This is done using Broadcast domains.
A broadcast domain refers to a group of devices that belong to the same LAN and can
process broadcast messages locally generated. A broadcast message generated in one LAN
never gets to other LAN. Is like when your mom yells “Dinner is ready” - only the members
of the family living in the house will attend to that message.
The next figure illustrates how a desktop in LAN-1 generates a broadcast message. All
members in LAN-1 will receive the message and process it. Notice as well that the broadcast
message never travels to LAN-2. Therefore, devices in LAN-2 will never receive this
message.

Connecting your LAN

Networking elements need a physical connection (Layer 1) to share information. There are
three main options for this connection.

• Wired connection using copper – The most popular type of cable is Unshielded
Twisted Pair (UTP). This cable is a cheap solution to interconnect devices in a LAN. The
main consideration is that the maximum length of this cable is 300 feet or 100 meters.
This type of connection uses electrical signals to communicate information with data
rates up to 1 Gigabit per second.

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• Wired connection using fiber optic cables – When you need to connect devices in
your LAN that are separated more than 300 feet or 100 meters, you will use fiber optic
cables. This technology uses light impulses to transmit data. Using high quality fiber, the
maximum length could reach up to 40 kilometers.
An additional benefit with optic fiber is the possibility to achieve faster data rates; a less-
expensive fiber could transfer 10 Gigabits per second. A higher-quality fiber provides 100
Gigabit per second data rates.

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• Wireless connection using Radio Frequency – Nowadays a big percentage of

endpoints only use the wireless connection. This type of connection has a range of some
tens of feet, typically 30 to 45 (10 to 15 meters). The range depends on many variables
such as the position of the Access Point, the type of endpoint, and the furniture in the
area - objects affect the RF signal in many ways.
In the case of data rates, this depends on the Wi-Fi technology that you are using.
802.11ax could achieve data rates up to 4.8 Gigabit per second.

Note. In this course, the focus wired connectivity.

Services

Programs and applications running in your endpoints commonly need assistance from
external devices to complete a task. The external devices that offer services are called
servers. The endpoints who requested the service are called clients. The underlying
infrastructure facilitate this client-server communication. This includes switches, routers,
Access Points, and many others.
Servers are designed from a hardware and software perspective to be available all the time.

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Servers are often classified based on the services that they provide; some examples include
the following:
• Application servers
• Communication servers
• Database servers
• File servers
• Web servers
• Game servers

Logical Ports

A logical port is one that is defined in software. The purpose of a logical port is to allow the
receiving device to identify which application or service the data is destined for.
Imagine you are calling your bank. You ring their main number. When the receptionist
answer you ask to be put through to the mortgage department on extension 302 – analogous
to a port number. Another client could call at the same time, but this person is redirected to
the new accounts department on extension 125.
In this analogy, multiple connections are received by the bank but depending on the purpose
of the call and who is calling the receptionist moves the calls to the correct extension.
Computing devices use a similar process. The difference is that applications already know
which port number (extension) to use, so there is no need for the receptionist.
Logical ports work at Layer 4 – the transport layer. There are 65536 logical ports available
for TCP and the same number for UDP. The application-to-port number mapping is
controlled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Here are some important port numbers that you should remember:

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Port number TCP or UDP Protocol

22 TCP Secure Shell (SSH)

53 TCP and UDP Domain Name System (DNS)

67, 68 UDP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP)

80 TCP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

443 TCP Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

(HTTPS)

Note. You can visit the following web site to see a more complete list of logical, layer 4 ports:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers

DHCP Service

Endpoints need an IP address to communicate. This information is provided by the network

by using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Process:
1. The endpoint connects to the network and sends a broadcast message, requesting an IP
address. This request message uses the UDP port 67.
2. The server hears the endpoint request and offers an IP address. This offer message uses
the UDP port 68.

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Note. When endpoints disconnect from the network, they delete the IP address.
DNS Service

Humans remember names more easily than numbers. When you open a browser, you do not
type the IP address of Facebook. Instead, you use the name “facebook.com”. This is very
convenient for humans, but the digital network does not recognize “facebook.com” as a valid
IP destination address.
The Domain Name Service (DNS) help us to resolve the name “facebook.com” to an
associated IP address. This is similar to how you might look through your contacts and
associate a friend’s name to their phone number.
Process:
1. The user opens a browser and types a destination - let’s say “arubanetworks.com”.
2. The endpoint device contacts the DNS server to ask, “What is the IP address related to
arubanetworks.com”. This DNS communication uses the UDP port 53.
3. The server scans its database and answers back with the IP address 174.129.234.88.
This message also uses UDP port 53.

SSH Service

Some computing devices offer a low-level interface - no buttons, icons nor images. Technical
folks use this so-called Command Line Interface (CLI) to configure and monitor network
devices and more. To gain remote access to this interface you use the SSH service. This
service runs on TCP port 22.

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Useful protocols in networking

There are some useful protocols that you can use to learn more about your network and to
quickly diagnostic a problem.

• Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) – This protocol is very helpful to discover which
devices are connected to a switch, router, or Access Point (AP). Devices that are directly
connected share their general information, their capabilities, and the interface they are
using to connect. As a network engineer this is useful to create topologies and have a
picture of how the network devices are physically connected.

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Note. Not all devices support this protocol and for devices that support it, not all of them
enable the protocol by default.

• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) – This protocol verifies if Layers 2 and 3 are
working properly in a network. It also determines if the remote destination is available.
ICMP is known as a suite of protocols – it is a collection of tools that can be used to test
connectivity. The most popular tool is called “ping”.
The ping tool uses the idea of the ping pong game. For each message, sent the source expects a
response. Receipt of this response validates that you have functional, two-way communication.

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AOS-CX Command Line

Aruba has two Network Operating Systems (NOS) - AOS-S and the newer AOS-CX. Both
options have a Command Line Interface (CLI), used to configure and monitor your devices.
This lab environment has been developed using AOS-CX.
AOS-CX is organized into different configuration contexts or levels. Each context determines
which parts of the switch can be managed and which commands are available to users. The
operating system defines the following contexts:

• Operator context – On this level the administrator can execute some commands to view
but not change configuration.
When in operator context, the CLI prompt is the switch name, followed by a greater-than
sign (>)
switch>

• Manager context – This is where you can execute commands that do not require saving
changes to the configuration. These are often in the form of “show” commands that let
you view device configuration and status.
When in manager context, the CLI prompt is the switch name, followed by a hashtag (#).
switch#

• Global configuration context – This is where you execute commands that change the
switch configuration.
When in global context, the CLI prompt is the switch name, followed by the “config”
keyword and the hashtag.
switch(config)#

• Other configuration contexts – All other configuration are descendants of the “global
configuration context”. From these command contexts you can execute commands that
apply to specific configuration or protocol such as an interface.
Example for interface configuration prompt:
switch(config-if)#

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Navigate through the contexts

• To move from the Operator to the Manager context use the enable command.
• To move from the Manager to the Global configuration context use the configure
terminal command.
• To move from the Global to the interface context, use the interface command.

Note. Moving from Operator to Global or Interface is not possible using a single command,
you must first move to the Manager context. The same rule applies from the Manager to the
Interface level, you must first move the Global context.

• To move from the Interface level to the global level use the exit command.
• To move from the Global level to the Manager level use the exit or end commands.

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• To move from the Manager to the Operator level use the disable command.
• To move from the Interface to the Manager level use the end command.

AOS-CX Command Line – Sensitive Help

The AOS-CX CLI provides you with built-in help features. For example, to show the available
commands that you can execute in the current command context enter the question mark (?)
symbol.

Switch# ?
boot Reboot all or part of the system
checkpoint Checkpoint information

To show the available parameters for a command, enter the command followed by a space
and then enter the question mark symbol (?).
Switch# show access-list ?
all All access-lists
ip Internet Protocol v4 (IPv4)
ipv6 Internet Protocol v6 (IPv6)
log-timer Set ACL log timer length (frequency)
mac Ethernet MAC Protocol
In the example above, you learn that valid commands include “show access-list all”; “show
access-list ip”, and more.

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AOS-CX Command Line – Abbreviated syntax

You can save time by only typing an abbreviated version of the full syntax. Simply enter
enough letters to uniquely specify a valid command, and the CLI accepts the command. For
example, you can enter conf instead of configure terminal to navigate from the manager
context to the global configuration context.
Switch# conf
Switch(config)#

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Lab Activity 2

Task 1: Connect your Network

Objective

The Aruba Training Lab environment is logically and physically connected; however, by
default the interfaces of an Aruba switch running AOS-CX are not enabled. In this lab activity
you will enable the interfaces and make sure the connectivity is successful using LLDP.

Network Topology for this task

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Steps

1. Open the Aruba Training Lab environment.

2. Right click on the Router icon and select “Open Console”.
insert image

Note. This session is using Secure Shell or SSH and your switches are pre-configured
to receive this type of connection.

3. Login using the following credentials:

Username: admin
Password: aruba123
Verify if the student will enter the credentials or not
4. Hit enter a couple times, and answer the following question:
What CLI context are you currently in?
_______________________________________________________________

Answer: You are in the “Manager context”. You know this because of the hashtag after
the name.

5. Verify basic information about the system that you are working on. Enter the “show
system” command
AOS-CX-Router# show system
Hostname : AOS-CX-Router
System Description : Virtual.10.06.0001
System Contact :
System Location :

Vendor : Aruba
Product Name : ABC123 ArubaOS-CX_OVA
Chassis Serial Nbr : OVA375085
Base MAC Address : 080009-375085
ArubaOS-CX Version : Virtual.10.06.0001

Time Zone : UTC

Up Time : 5 hours, 36 minutes

CPU Util (%) : 5
Memory Usage (%) : 29

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6. Analyze the output and answer the following questions:

What is the current hostname of the switch?
_______________________________________________________________
What is the Vendor?
_______________________________________________________________
What is the Product Name?
_______________________________________________________________

Note. Using unique and descriptive names in your network devices is always useful for
identification.

7. Access to the global configuration mode:

AOS-CX-Router# configure terminal
AOS-CX-Router(config)#

8. Modify the system name to “Enterprise-Router”:

AOS-CX-Router(config)# hostname Enterprise-Router
Enterprise-Router(config)# end

Automatically the prompt changed and is displaying the new system name.

What happened when you enter the “end” command?

______________________________________________________________________

9. Again, enter the “show system” command:

Enterprise-Router# show system
Hostname : Enterprise-Router
System Description : Virtual.10.06.0001
System Contact :
System Location :

Vendor : Aruba
Product Name : ABC123 ArubaOS-CX_OVA
Chassis Serial Nbr : OVA375085
Base MAC Address : 080009-375085
ArubaOS-CX Version : Virtual.10.06.0001

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Time Zone : UTC

Up Time : 5 hours, 54 minutes

CPU Util (%) : 3
Memory Usage (%) : 29

10. Answer the following question:

What is the hostname of the switch now?
________________________________________________________________

11. Verify the current interface status. Enter the “show interface brief” command:

Enterprise-Router# show interface brief

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Native Mode Type Enabled Status Reason Speed Description
VLAN (Mb/s)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/1/1 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/2 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/3 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/4 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/5 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/6 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/7 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/8 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/9 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --

12. Answer the following question:

For interface 1/1/1, what is the Enabled and Status values of port 1/1/1?
_______________________________________________________________________
For the same interface, what is the Reason of this state?
_______________________________________________________________________

13. Using the “no shutdown” command, enable the interface 1/1/1:
Enterprise-Router# configure terminal
Enterprise-Router (config)# interface 1/1/1
Enterprise-Router (config-if)# no shutdown
Enterprise-Router (config-if)# no routing

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Note. The “no routing” command indicates that the port shall behave as a switch port
and not as route port. In other words, it indicates to the switch that this port will only
analyze Layer2 MAC addresses.

14. Provide a description to interface 1/1/7:

Enterprise-Router (config-if)# description To-Server
Enterprise-Router (config-if)# exit
Enterprise-Router (config)# exit

15. Verify the status of interface 1/1/7:

Enterprise-Router# show interface 1/1/7

Interface 1/1/7 is up
Admin state is up
Link state: up
Link transitions: 0
Description: To-Server
Hardware: Ethernet, MAC Address: 08:00:09:37:50:85
MTU 1500
Type --
Full-duplex
qos trust none
Speed 1000 Mb/s
L3 Counters: Rx Disabled, Tx Disabled
Auto-negotiation is off
Flow-control: off
Error-control: off
MDI mode: none
Rx
746 total packets 111786 total bytes
0 unicast packets
0 multicast packets
0 broadcast packets
0 errors 0 dropped
0 CRC/FCS 0 pause
L3:
0 packets, 0 bytes
Tx
739 total packets 111302 total bytes
0 unicast packets
0 multicast packets
0 broadcast packets
0 errors 0 dropped
0 collision 0 pause
L3:
0 packets, 0 bytes

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16. Answer the following question:

What is the “Admin state”?
________________________________________________________________
What is the Description?
________________________________________________________________

17. Interface 1/1/5 connects to B1-Switch1. Enable the interface, make it a switch port, and
provide a description:
Enterprise-Router# configure terminal
Enterprise-Router(config)# interface 1/1/5
Enterprise-Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Enterprise-Router(config-if)# no routing
Enterprise-Router(config-if)# description To-B1-Sw1
Enterprise-Router(config-if)# end

18. Verify the status of interface 1/1/5:

Enterprise-Router# show interface brief
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Native Mode Type Enabled Status Reason Speed Description
VLAN (Mb/s)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/1/1 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/2 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/3 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/4 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/5 -- routed -- yes up 1000 To-B1-Sw1
1/1/6 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/7 -- routed -- yes up 1000 To-Server
1/1/8 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/9 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --

19. Analyze the output, and answer the following questions:

For interface 1/1/5, what is the Enabled and Status values?
________________________________________________________________

Note. In a scenario with physical switches, the port would be in down state, this is
because you need to enable the other switch’s interface first.

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20. From Aruba Training Lab, right click on “B1-Switch1”.

Insert image
21. Login using the following credentials:
Username: admin
Password: aruba123
Verify if the student will enter the credentials or not
22. Set up the system name or hostname to “B1-Switch1” (the name is an abbreviation for
“Building1-Switch1”):
AOS-CX-Switch1# conf
AOS-CX-Switch1(config)# hostname B1-Switch1
B1-Switch1(config)# end

23. Answer the following question:

Can you explain why the system accepts the command “conf” instead of “configure
terminal”?
________________________________________________________________

Answer: AOS-CX supports abbreviated commands as long as enough characters

uniquely match a valid command.

24. Verify the current state of interfaces 1/1/1 and 1/1/2:

B1-Switch1# show interface brief
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Native Mode Type Enabled Status Reason Speed Description
VLAN (Mb/s)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/1/1 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/2 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/3 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/4 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/5 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/6 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/7 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/8 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --
1/1/9 -- routed -- no down Administratively down -- --

25. Analyze the output and answer the following question:

Is the status of all interfaces down? (Y/N)
________________________________________________________________

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26. Interface 1/1/5 connects to the Enterprise-Router. Enable the interface and provide a
description:
B1-Switch1# configure terminal
B1-Switch1(config)# interface 1/1/5
B1-Switch1(config-if)# no shutdown
B1-Switch1(config-if)# no routing
B1-Switch1(config-if)# description To-Router
B1-Switch1(config-if)# end

27. Verify the status of interface 1/1/5:

B1-Switch1# show interface 1/1/5

Interface 1/1/5 is up
Admin state is up
Link state: up
Link transitions: 0
Description: To-Router
Hardware: Ethernet, MAC Address: 08:00:09:4f:2d:1c
MTU 1500
Type --
Full-duplex
qos trust none
Speed 1000 Mb/s
Auto-negotiation is off
Flow-control: off
Error-control: off
MDI mode: none
VLAN Mode: access
Access VLAN: 1
Rx
0 total packets 0 total bytes
0 unicast packets
0 multicast packets
0 broadcast packets
0 errors 0 dropped
0 CRC/FCS 0 pause
Tx
0 total packets 0 total bytes
0 unicast packets
0 multicast packets
0 broadcast packets
0 errors 0 dropped
0 collision 0 pause

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Task 2: Verify the Physical topology using LLDP

You have now connected three devices, two switches, and one server. As a network
engineer you can validate these connections using the LLDP protocol.

1. From Enterprise-Router, verify the LLDP information that this device advertises:
Enterprise-Router# show lldp local-device

Global Data
===========

Chassis-ID : 08:00:09:37:50:85
System Name : Enterprise-Router
System Description : Aruba ABC123 Virtual.10.06.0001
Management Address : 172.16.55.111
Capabilities Available : Bridge, Router
Capabilities Enabled : Bridge, Router
TTL : 120

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Port Based Data

===============

Port-ID : 1/1/7
Port-Desc : "1/1/7"
Port Mgmt-Address : 172.16.55.111
Port VLAN ID : 0
Parent Interface : interface 1/1/7

Port-ID : 1/1/5
Port-Desc : "1/1/5"
Port Mgmt-Address : 172.16.55.111
Port VLAN ID : 0
Parent Interface : interface 1/1/5

Port-ID : mgmt
Port-Desc : "mgmt"
Port Mgmt-Address : 172.16.55.111

2. Analyze the output and answer the following questions:

What is the Chassis-ID?
________________________________________________________________
What is the system name?
________________________________________________________________
What is the System Description?
________________________________________________________________
What are Capabilities Available?
________________________________________________________________

3. Move to B1-Switch1.
4. Verify your neighbor information:
B1-Switch1# show lldp neighbor-info

LLDP Neighbor Information

=========================

Total Neighbor Entries : 1

Total Neighbor Entries Deleted : 0
Total Neighbor Entries Dropped : 0
Total Neighbor Entries Aged-Out : 0

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LOCAL-PORT CHASSIS-ID PORT-ID PORT-DESC TTL SYS-NAME

-------------------------------------------------------------------
1/1/5 08:00:09:37:50:85 1/1/5 To-Server 120 Enterprise-Router

5. Answer the following questions:

How many neighbors do you have?
________________________________________________________________
What is the local port?
________________________________________________________________

6. Verify neighbor details:

B1-Switch1# show lldp neighbor-info 1/1/5

Port : 1/1/5
Neighbor Entries : 1
Neighbor Entries Deleted : 0
Neighbor Entries Dropped : 0
Neighbor Entries Aged-Out : 0
Neighbor Chassis-Name : Enterprise-Router
Neighbor Chassis-Description : Aruba ABC123 Virtual.10.06.0001
Neighbor Chassis-ID : 08:00:09:37:50:85
Neighbor Management-Address : 172.16.55.111
Chassis Capabilities Available : Bridge, Router
Chassis Capabilities Enabled : Bridge, Router
Neighbor Port-ID : 1/1/5
Neighbor Port-Desc : To-Server
Neighbor Port VLAN ID :
TTL : 120

Neighbor PoE information : DOT3

Neighbor Power Type : PSE
Neighbor Power Priority : Unknown
Neighbor Power Source : Unknown
PD Requested Power Value : 0.00 W
PSE Allocated Power Value : 0.00 W
Neighbor Power Supported : Yes
Neighbor Power Enabled : Yes
Neighbor Power Class : Class0
Neighbor Power Paircontrol : No
PSE Power Pairs : SIGNAL
PD Associated TLV : dot3
PD Requested TLV types : None

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Neighbor Mac-Phy details

Neighbor Auto-neg Supported : false
Neighbor Auto-Neg Enabled : false
Neighbor Auto-Neg Advertised : Other
Neighbor MAU type :

7. Analyze the output and answer the following question:

What is the neighbor’s Chassis-name and Chassis-ID?
________________________________________________________________
Does this information match what Switch1 is advertising? (See answers in step 2)
________________________________________________________________
What are the Enabled Chassis Capabilities of your neighbor?
________________________________________________________________
What is the port that Enterprise-Router uses to connect to B1-Switch1?
________________________________________________________________

Important: At this moment all changes that you made on both Aruba devices will not be
permanent. If these devices are power cycled, all your progress will be lost. When you
work with AOS-CX, you must remember to save your configuration changes regularly.

8. Save the current configuration in Enterprise-Router and B1-Switch1:

Enterprise-Router# write memory

B1-Switch1# write memory

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Task 3: Set a static IP address

Topology for this task

1. From the Aruba Training Lab environment, connect to PC1.

2. Double click on the “Network Connection shortcut” icon located in Desktop:

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Note. The instructions for the full path are:

a. Click on the Start button in Windows.
b. Type “Control Panel” and select the first option that appears listed.
c. Select “Network and Internet”.
d. Click at “Change adapter settings” on the left options.

3. Right click on the Lab NIC adapter.

4. Select Enable.

5. Right click on the Direct Server NIC adapter.

6. Select Disable.

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7. Open a “command line” window. You will find a shortcut in the Desktop.

8. Verify the IP parameters for your Lab NIC adapter. Enter the ipconfig command.

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9. For the Ethernet adapter Lab NIC, take a note of:

IP address: ____________________________________
Subnet Mask: __________________________________
Default Gateway:________________________________

Note. This IP address is a self-configured address assigned by Windows. When you see
this address, it means that the network is not working properly.
The range of self-configured addresses is 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254. The official
name of these address is Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

Remember that in the previous section, you enabled only one interface in B1-Switch1
(interface 1/1/5 that connects to Enterprise-Router). However, all other interfaces are in
default state.

Configuring B1-Switch1 interface

10. From Aruba Training Lab environment, connect to B1-Switch1.

11. Login using the following credentials:
Username: admin
Password: aruba123
12. Interface 1/1/1 connects to PC1, enable the interface and provide a description:
B1-Switch1# configure terminal
B1-Switch1(config)# interface 1/1/1
B1-Switch1(config-if)# no shutdown
B1-Switch1(config-if)# no routing
B1-Switch1(config-if)# description To-PC1
B1-Switch1(config-if)# end

13. Verify the status of interface 1/1/1 is UP:

B1-Switch1# show interface 1/1/1

Interface 1/1/1 is up
Admin state is up
Link state: up

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Link transitions: 0
Description: To-PC1
Hardware: Ethernet, MAC Address: 08:00:09:4f:2d:20
MTU 1500
Type --
Full-duplex
qos trust none
Speed 1000 Mb/s
Auto-negotiation is off
Flow-control: off
Error-control: off
MDI mode: none
VLAN Mode: access
Access VLAN: 1
Rx
571 total packets 85079 total bytes
0 unicast packets
0 multicast packets
0 broadcast packets
0 errors 0 dropped
0 CRC/FCS 0 pause
Tx
583 total packets 85617 total bytes
0 unicast packets
0 multicast packets
0 broadcast packets
0 errors 0 dropped
0 collision 0 pause

14. Save this configuration:

B1-Switch1# write memory

Setup a static IP address on PC1

15. Move back to PC1.

16. Double click on the “Network Connection shortcut” icon located in Desktop.
17. Double click “Lab NIC” to access the NIC Status Window.

Note. If you notice that the icon is grayed out, this means that the NIC is disabled. To
enable it, right click on the NIC icon and select “Enable”.

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Warning. There is an interface called “Do NOT Touch!”, please never select this NIC
adapter nor modify any parameter on it nor disable the interface. You are remotely
connected to this PC using that NIC.

18. In the “Lab NIC Status” window, click the “Properties” button. A new Window appears.

19. In Lab NIC Properties window, select “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)” then
click the “Properties” button. A new window appears.

20. In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties, choose “Use the following IP
address:” under General tab.
21. Type 10.0.1.1 and 255.255.255.0 under IP address and Subnet mask respectively.

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22. Click “OK” button, then “Close” button twice.

23. Go back to the “command line” window.
24. Validate the IP parameters again, use the “ipconfig” command.

25. For the Ethernet adapter Lab NIC, answer the following questions:

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Pay attention to the IP address, is this the same as before?

______________________________________________________________
What is the value of the subnet mask?
______________________________________________________________
Do you have a new value for the Default Gateway? (Y/N)
______________________________________________________________

Note: You did not configure any Default Gateway parameter, you should not have any
value here.

Verify connectivity using ping

26. Use the ping command to verify the connectivity to the server. Enter ping 10.0.1.21:

27. Analyze the output, look at the “Ping statistics” section and answer the following
questions:
How many packets were Sent?
_____________________________________________________________
How many packets were Received?
_____________________________________________________________
How many packets were lost?
_____________________________________________________________

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28. Ping a device that does not exist in the network, enter the ping 10.0.1.99 command

29. Analyze the output, and answer the following questions:

What is the message that you receive in each ping?
_____________________________________________________________

Since there is no device using the IP address 10.0.1.99, the ping command indicates that
this destination is unreachable.

Task 4: Get an IP address from DHCP server

1. Connect to PC1.
2. Double click on the “Network Connection shortcut” icon located in Desktop.
3. Double click “Lab NIC” to access the NIC Status Window.
4. In the “Lab NIC Status” window, click “Properties” button. A new window appears.

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5. In Lab NIC Properties window, select “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)” then
click the “Properties” button. A new window appears.

6. In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties, choose “Obtain an IP address

automatically” under General tab.

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7. Click “OK” button, then “Close” button twice.

8. Move back to the “command line” window.
9. Validate the IP parameters again, use the ipconfig command.

10. For the Ethernet adapter Lab NIC, answer the following questions:

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Pay attention to the IP address, is this the same as before?

______________________________________________________________
What is the IP address now?
______________________________________________________________
Is this a self-assigned address (APIPA)?
______________________________________________________________
How did you obtain this IP address?
______________________________________________________________
Do you have a new value for the Default Gateway? (Y/N)
______________________________________________________________

Note. The DHCP server offers to clients not only IP address, but subnet mask and
default gateway parameters. You will learn about these two concepts in Module 4.

11. Use the ping command to verify connectivity to the server (10.0.1.21).

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Task 5: Domain Name Server

1. Connect to PC1.
2. Open a “command line” window. You will find a shortcut in the Desktop.
3. Enter the “nslookup server.arubatraining.com” command. This command will execute a
name resolution.

4. Analyze the output and answer the following questions:

What is the IP address of your DNS server (look at the first part of the output)?
__________________________________________________________________

What is the IP address associated to server.arubatraining.com?

__________________________________________________________________
5. Verify the IP parameters for your Lab NIC.

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6. Analyze the output, and answer this question:

For the Lab NIC adapter, do you see a DNS server value?
__________________________________________________________________
How did you obtain the DNS server IP address?
__________________________________________________________________

Note. The DHCP server was responsible for sharing DNS server information to your PC1.

7. From PC1, open Wireshark.

8. Double click on the Lab NIC entry.

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9. On Filter Toolbar type “udp.port==53”.

This command will instruct Wireshark to display DNS packets.

10. Open a web browser and navigate to server.arubatraining.com

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11. Go back to Wireshark.

12. Click on the stop capture button.
13. Scroll down and look for the DNS query and response for server.arubatraining.com.
14. Select the DNS query entry.
15. On the “Packet Detail” section, expand “Domain Name System (query)”
16. At bottom, expand “Queries”.

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17. Analyze the output.

Is this the name that you expected?
_______________________________________________________________

18. Now select the DNS response entry from the list.
19. On the “Packet Detail” section, expand “Domain Name System (response)”.
20. At bottom, expand “Answers”.

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21. Analyze the output.

What is the IP address contained in the answer?
_______________________________________________________________

22. Close Wireshark.

23. Close the browser.
24. Close the command prompt.

Congratulations, you have completed Module 2!

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