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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Darshith.S & Kushal.M.Gowda of class XI

has submitted the report of Computer Science project on topic
“PASSWORD GENERATOR” in python for partial fulfilment of
practical examinations as prescribed by the Central Board of
Secondary Education for AISSCE 2024-25

Date : ____________ ________________

Principle

_________________ ________________
Teacher in charge
Examiner
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PASSWORD GENERATOR
Using python
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank CBSE Board and our Respected

Principal,
Mrs. Vasuma S Achar for giving me an opportunity to
develop a
project using Python . I would like to express my profound
gratitude
our computer science teacher, Mrs. Chaitra for her
invaluable
support , encouragement, supervision and useful
suggestions
throughout this project work.
Her moral support and continuous guidance enabled me to
complete
My project successfully.
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INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION

2. Modules

3. Source CODE

4. OUTPUTS

5. SUPPORT FILES

Scope for
6. iMPROVEMENT

7. CONCLUSION

8. BIBILIOGRAPHY
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INTRODUCTION to python

Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose programming language that

is known for its simplicity and readability. It was created by Guido van Rossum and
first released in 1991. Python is widely used in various fields, such as web
development, data analysis, machine learning, artificial intelligence, scientific
computing, automation, and more.

Here are some key features and concepts of Python that make it popular and
accessible to both beginners and professionals:

1. Easy to Read and Write

 Python has a simple and clean syntax that emphasizes readability. Its syntax is
straightforward, using indentation instead of braces to define code blocks, which
makes Python code look clean and easy to understand.

2. Interpreted Language

 Python is an interpreted language, meaning the code is executed line by line by

the Python interpreter. This allows for quick testing and debugging.

3. Dynamic Typing

 Variables in Python do not need to be declared with a type. Python automatically

determines the type of the variable during runtime. This feature makes Python
flexible and easy to use.

4. Cross-platform Compatibility

 Python is platform-independent. This means that Python code can run on various
operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux without requiring
modification.

5. Large Standard Library

 Python comes with a vast standard library that includes modules and packages
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for handling tasks such as file I/O, regular expressions, web scraping, networking,
and more.

6. Object-Oriented and Procedural

 Python supports both object-oriented programming (OOP) and procedural

programming paradigms. This makes Python versatile, allowing developers to
choose the most appropriate paradigm for their project.

7. Extensive Community and Libraries

 Python has an active and vibrant community of developers who contribute to a

large ecosystem of third-party libraries and frameworks, making it easy to find
solutions and tools for almost any task.

PYTHON IN PASSWORD GENERATOR

Python is an excellent language for creating a password generator program due to its
simplicity and the availability of built-in libraries that can handle randomization and
security. Here is an outline of how Python can be used in a password generator
program

Key Steps Involved:

1. Import Libraries: Python has libraries like random and string which can be used
to generate random characters for passwords.
2. Generate Random Password: The program generates random characters from a
pool of letters (both lowercase and uppercase), digits, and special characters.
3. Length Customization: The user can specify the length of the password.
4. Security Considerations: Using the secrets module ensures better randomness
for cryptographic purposes, which is a more secure option for password
generation.
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MODULES
String MODULE:
The string module in Python provides a collection of useful constants and functions for
working with strings. It is an important module to understand for Class 11, as strings
are one of the most commonly used data types in programming. In Python, strings are
sequences of characters, and the string module can help make string manipulation
tasks easier and more efficient.

1. What is the string Module?

The string module in Python provides a set of predefined constants, functions, and
methods to work with string data. This module is particularly helpful when dealing with
tasks that involve characters, letters, digits, punctuation, and whitespace.

Key Features:

 String Constants: The string module includes constants like lowercase letters,
uppercase letters, digits, and punctuation marks.
 String Operations: It supports a variety of operations on strings such as checking
for characters, performing transformations, and more.

2. Key Constants in the string Module

Here are some of the most commonly used constants in the string module:

2.1 string.ascii_lowercase

 Purpose: A string containing all the lowercase letters of the alphabet ('darshith').
 Example:

python
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import string
print(string.ascii_lowercase) # Output: 'darshith'

2.2 string.ascii_uppercase
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 Purpose: A string containing all the uppercase letters of the alphabet ('KUSHAL').
 Example:

python
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import string
print(string.ascii_uppercase) # Output: 'KUSHAL'

2.3 string.ascii_letters

 Purpose: A string containing both uppercase and lowercase letters ('DARSHITH

kushal').
 Example:

python
Copy code
import string
print(string.ascii_letters) # Output: 'DARSHITHkushal'

2.4 string.digits

 Purpose: A string containing all the digits ('0123456789').

 Example:

python
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import string
print(string.digits) # Output: '0123456789'

2.5 string.punctuation

 Purpose: A string containing all the punctuation characters ('!"#$

%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_{|}~'`).
 Example:

python
Copy code
import string
print(string.punctuation) # Output: '!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
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2.6 string.whitespace

 Purpose: A string containing all the whitespace characters (' \t\n\r\x0b\x0c').

 Example:

python
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import string
print(string.whitespace) # Output: ' \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'

3. Useful Functions in the string Module

In addition to constants, the string module also includes several helpful functions for
working with strings.

3.1 string.capwords(s)

 Purpose: Capitalizes the first letter of each word in the string s and returns the
result.
 Example:

python
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import string
sentence = "hello world"
print(string.capwords(sentence)) # Output: 'Hello World'

4. Common String Operations in Python

Although the string module provides some useful utilities, the most common string
operations in Python are performed directly using string methods. Here are a few
common operations that every Class 11 student should understand:

4.1 String Indexing

 Purpose: Access individual characters of a string using an index.

 Example:

python
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word = "Python"
print(word[0]) # Output: 'P'
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print(word[-1]) # Output: 'n' (last character)

4.2 String Slicing

 Purpose: Extract a portion (substring) from a string using slice notation.

 Example:

python
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word = "Python"
print(word[1:4]) # Output: 'yth' (characters from index 1 to 3)

4.3 String Concatenation

 Purpose: Combine two or more strings together.

 Example:

python
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word1 = "Hello"
word2 = "World"
print(word1 + " " + word2) # Output: 'Hello World'

4.4 String Repetition

 Purpose: Repeat a string multiple times.

 Example:

python
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word = "Hello"
print(word * 3) # Output: 'HelloHelloHello'

4.5 String Length

 Purpose: Find the length (number of characters) in a string using the len()
function.
 Example:

python
Copy code
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word = "Python"
print(len(word)) # Output: 6

4.6 String Methods

 upper(): Converts all characters to uppercase.

 lower(): Converts all characters to lowercase.
 replace(old, new): Replaces occurrences of old with new.
 strip(): Removes leading and trailing whitespace.
 split(): Splits a string into a list of substrings based on a separator.

5. Applications of the string Module

The string module and string manipulation in general are widely used in various real-
world scenarios:

 Text Processing: Processing and analyzing text data, such as word counts or
sentence splitting.
 Data Validation: Checking if a string contains valid characters (like checking if a
string is a valid number or email address).
 Game Development: Handling user input, storing names, and processing text-
based interactions.
 Web Development: Working with URLs, form data, and dynamic content.

6. Conclusion

 The string module provides essential tools for working with strings in Python.
 Understanding constants like string.ascii_letters, string.digits, and
string.punctuation, as well as string manipulation techniques such as slicing,
concatenation, and string methods, is fundamental for solving problems
involving text data.
 Mastery of the string module and string operations will allow you to handle a
wide range of programming challenges, from simple text transformations to
more complex string manipulations in projects like games, data processing, and
web development.

Random Module:
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The random module in Python is widely used for generating random numbers,
performing random selections, and simulating random events. It plays an essential role
in areas like game development, statistical simulations, cryptography, and many more.

1. What is the random Module?

The random module in Python provides a suite of functions that help in generating
random numbers, picking random items, shuffling data, and more. It simulates random
events using algorithms based on pseudorandom number generation.

Key Features:

 Pseudorandom Numbers: The numbers generated by the random module are

not truly random but are determined by an initial value, called the seed. These
are called pseudorandom numbers.
 Seed Value: You can set the seed value to ensure reproducibility of random
results. If you use the same seed, the random numbers generated will always be
the same.

2. Common Functions in the random Module

Below are some of the most commonly used functions in the random module:

2.1 random.random()

 Purpose: Returns a random floating-point number between 0.0 and 1.0 (inclusive
of 0, but exclusive of 1).
 Example:

python
Copy code
import random
print(random.random()) # Output: A random number between 0.0 and 1.0

2.2 random.randint(a, b)

 Purpose: Returns a random integer between the two specified values a and b
(both inclusive).
 Example:

python
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Copy code
import random
print(random.randint(1, 10)) # Output: A random integer between 1 and 10
(inclusive)

2.3 random.uniform(a, b)

 Purpose: Returns a random floating-point number between two specified values

a and b (inclusive of a but exclusive of b).
 Example:

python
Copy code
import random
print(random.uniform(1.5, 3.5)) # Output: A random float between 1.5 and 3.5

2.4 random.choice(sequence)

 Purpose: Returns a randomly selected element from a non-empty sequence like

a list, string, or tuple.
 Example:

python
Copy code
import random
items = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(random.choice(items)) # Output: A random item from the list (e.g.,
"banana")

2.5 random.shuffle(sequence)

 Purpose: Shuffles the elements of a sequence (like a list) in place.

 Example:

python
Copy code
import random
items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
random.shuffle(items)
print(items) # Output: The list is shuffled (e.g., [3, 1, 5, 2, 4])
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2.6 random.sample(sequence, k)

 Purpose: Returns a list of k unique elements randomly chosen from the sequence
(without replacement).
 Example:

python
Copy code
import random
items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(random.sample(items, 3)) # Output: A list of 3 random items (e.g., [2, 4, 1])

2.7 random.seed(a=None)

 Purpose: Initializes the random number generator with a seed value. This
ensures that the sequence of random numbers generated can be reproduced.
 Example:

python
Copy code
import random
random.seed(42)
print(random.random()) # Always outputs the same number if seed is set to 42

2.8 random.randint(a, b)

 Purpose: Generates a random integer between a and b (both inclusive).

 Example:

python
Copy code
import random
print(random.randint(1, 100)) # Output: Random integer between 1 and 100

3. Applications of the random Module

 Simulations: The random module is widely used in simulations, such as

simulating the roll of dice or card games.
 Games: Random events in games, such as random enemy behavior or item
drops, can be managed using this module.
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 Data Shuffling: The shuffle function can be used to shuffle data in machine
learning (for example, to shuffle the dataset before training).
 Random Sampling: When you need to sample a small portion from a large
dataset (e.g., for surveys or data analysis), random.sample() can be helpful.

4. Seeding and Reproducibility

 By using the random.seed() function, you can ensure that the sequence of
random numbers generated is the same each time the program is run.
 This is particularly useful for debugging or reproducing experiments where you
want consistent results.

5. Randomness in Real Life vs Computer-Generated Randomness

 True Randomness: In real life, randomness is truly unpredictable (e.g., rolling a

die, shuffling a deck of cards).
 Pseudorandomness: Computers, on the other hand, use algorithms to simulate
randomness. These algorithms are based on an initial value (the seed), which
determines the sequence of numbers generated. Hence, computer-generated
random numbers are pseudorandom, not truly random.

6. Conclusion

 The random module is a valuable tool for generating random numbers and
performing random operations in Python.
 By using the functions provided by this module, you can handle tasks that involve
random selection, simulation, and data processing in a variety of scenarios such
as games, statistical analysis, and algorithm design.
 It is an important concept in computer science, especially when studying topics
related to simulations, probability, and randomness.

JSON Module:
The json module in Python is an essential topic, especially when dealing with data
exchange between systems, web services, or handling data in files. It is commonly
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covered in introductory programming courses like Class 11, as it provides a basic

understanding of how to handle structured data in Python.

1. What is JSON?

 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight, text-based data interchange

format that is easy for humans to read and write, and easy for machines to parse
and generate.
 JSON is commonly used to exchange data between a server and a client in web
applications, APIs, and data storage.
 Structure of JSON:
o It consists of key-value pairs similar to Python dictionaries.
o In JSON:
 Keys are strings (enclosed in double quotes).
 Values can be strings, numbers, booleans, arrays, or other JSON
objects.

2. Why to Use JSON?

 Interoperability: JSON can be read and written by both humans and machines,
making it ideal for data transfer between different programming languages and
systems.
 Lightweight: It has a minimal syntax and is compact, making it efficient for
network transmission.
 Ease of Use: JSON's structure is simple and easy to understand, making it a
preferred choice over other data formats like XML.

3. Role of Python's json Module

 Python’s json module allows the conversion (serialization) of Python objects into
JSON format and vice versa (deserialization).
 It helps in storing data in JSON files and reading JSON data from files or strings
for processing within Python programs.

4. Working with JSON in Python

Python provides the json module for working with JSON data. It includes functions to
convert Python objects to JSON format and back.

Functions in the json Module:

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 json.dumps(): This function serializes a Python object into a JSON string.

 json.dump(): This function writes a Python object as a JSON formatted string to a
file.
 json.loads(): This function deserializes a JSON string into a Python object.
 json.load(): This function reads a JSON formatted string from a file and
deserializes it into a Python object.

Serialization (Converting Python to JSON)

 Python objects like dictionaries, lists, strings, numbers, and booleans can be
converted into JSON using json.dumps() or json.dump().

Deserialization (Converting JSON to Python)

 JSON formatted strings can be converted back into Python objects using
json.loads() or json.load().

5. Working with JSON Files

 Python’s json module allows reading and writing JSON data from/to files.
 When dealing with JSON files, use json.dump() to write data to a file and
json.load() to read data from a file.

6. Common Operations and Features

 Indentation: The indent parameter in json.dumps() and json.dump() helps to

format the JSON output, making it more readable.

 Sorting Keys: The parameter ensures that the keys are printed in sorted order.

7. Error Handling with JSON

 If there is an issue with the format of the JSON data (e.g., missing commas or
unquoted keys), Python will raise a json.JSONDecodeError.
 Proper error handling can be added using try-except blocks to catch exceptions.

8. Conclusion

 The json module is an essential tool for working with data in Python, especially
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for web-based applications where data is frequently exchanged in JSON format.

 By understanding how to serialize and deserialize data, Class 11 students can
work with a variety of data sources, such as APIs, and store or retrieve data from
JSON files.

Understanding json and the json module helps lay the foundation for more advanced
topics such as web development, data science, and interacting with web services.