MODIFIER

Definition: The words or phrases that give extra information about a noun being placed before or after
the noun are called Modifiers. For examples:- (‡h mKj word ev phrase noun Gi c~‡e© ev c‡i e‡m H noun m¤ú‡K©
AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K Modifiers e‡j। †hgb:)

 Rahim is an honest man.  I bought a car which is too expensive.

modifier modifier

 The flying birds show the beauty of

the sky.  The man who came here was my brother.
modifier
modifier

Kinds of Modifier

Pre Modifier Post Modifier

Adjective Adverb
Possessive Appositive
Demonstrative Infinitive
Determiner Prepositional Phrase
Present Participle Relative Clause
Past Participle
Quantifier
Intensifier

USAGE OF ADJECTIVE
❑Adjective modifies noun being placed before or after the noun. For examples:- (Adjective, noun-‡K
modify K‡i noun Gi c~‡e© ev c‡i e‡m। ‡hgb:)

 Saiyada is a beautiful girl.  The old man who came here was my father.

 Meritorious students are always praised.  Contaminated water is harmful for health.

 Kaji Najrul Islam was born in a poor family.  Raju is my best friend.

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A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with the adjectives.
1. Television has become the most common and ------------------ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective)
source of entertainment in the ------------------ (pre-modify the noun) world.
2. Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a -------------------- poet.
3. It was a hot ----------------------- day. A crow flew all over the fields looking for water.
4. Once there lived a ----------------------- fox in a Jungle.
5. Bangladesh is a ----------------------- country.
6. English gives us --------------------- access to the ever expanding knowledge of science and technology.
7. Independence is one‟s ----------------------- right.
8. We know that air is an ----------------------- element of our environment.
9. Computer is one of the ----------------------- inventions of modern technology.
10. Newspaper plays a very ----------------------- role in modern civilization.
11. Morning walk is a ----------------------- exercise.
12. Traffic Jam is a ----------------------- problem in Dhaka.

USAGE OF NOUN ADJECTIVE

❑The noun placed before another noun is called Noun Adjective. For examples:- (GKwU noun Gi c~‡e© hw`
Ab¨ Av‡iKwU noun e‡m ZLb c~‡e©i noun wU‡K ejv nq Noun Adjective। ‡hgb:)

 Karim is a school boy.

 Mahi bought an air ticket.

 I want to drink a glass of apple Juice.

 Bondhon bought a nice black shirt.

 We enjoyed a football match yesterday.

 A bus journey is really enjoyable.

A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with the noun adjectives.
1. The literary works of Kazi Nazrul Islam have enriched ---------------- (use a noun adjective) literature.
2. We are responsible for ------------------ pollution.
3. The ------------------ level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed.
4. We earn ------------------ currencies by exporting our crops.
5. The Samachar Darpon was the first ------------------ newspaper.
6. Students are the ------------------ leaders of our country.
7. Independence is one‟s ------------------ right.
8. ------------------ adulteration is increasing.
9. Book fairs are now held in the ------------------ towns too.
10. Traffic Jam becomes serious in ------------------ hours.

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 USAGE OF POSSESSIVE
❑The possessive form of a noun or pronoun can modify a noun. So, according to the noun or pronoun
mentioned before the gap or according to the meaning of the sentence, we have to put the possessive form
of the noun or pronoun in the gap. (noun বা pronoun এর possessive form ক ান া noun-ক modify রনে পানর।
োই gap এর c~‡e© উনেখিে noun বা pronoun অনুযায়ী বা বান ের A_© অনুযায়ী আমানেরন gap এ noun বা pronoun এর
possessive form বসানে হনব।)
Subjective Pronoun Possessive Pronoun Subjective Pronoun Possessive Pronoun
I My You Your
He His It Its
She Her One One‟s
We Our Who Whose
They Their Rahim Rahim‟s

 I love my father a lot.  We should respect our parents.

 Rita is honest but her sister is not.  One should respect one’s parents.

 The baby is crying for its mother.  Mina prepares her lessons regularly.

A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with a possessive

1. Nazrul wrote ceaselessly until the death of ------------ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) poetic flair.
2. We should select ------------------- diet according to our needs.
3. Water has no color of ------------------- own.
4. Most of the people in ------------------- country do not know the importance of English.
5. Sabbir prepares ------------------- lessons in collaboration with his teachers.
6. You cannot complete ------------------- higher studies without knowing English.
7. We should eat to preserve ------------------- health.
8. It is predicted that Bangladesh will lose 40% of ------------ land to the Bay of Bengal by 2050.
9. -------------------father wanted to test him.
10. We cannot think of ------------------- morning without newspaper.
11. The wife found that ------------------- husband was not paying the least heed to her word.
12. The boy said, “I shall cross the sea. ------------------- country is on the other side of the sea.”

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 USAGE OF DEMONSTRATIVE
❑This/These/That/Those works as adjective being placed before a noun. These are called Demonstratives.
(This/These/That/Those BZ¨vw` noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective Gi gZ KvR নর। G¸‡jv‡KB Demonstratives e‡j ।)
Name Features Examples
 It is singular. (এটি singular।)  This pen is mine.
This  It is used to indicate something  I want to buy this dress.
nearby. (এটি ানের ক ান াখ ছুন wb‡`©k রনে  This book reads well.
ব্যবহৃে হয়।)
 It is plural. (এটি plural।)  These pens are mine.
These  It is used to indicate something  I want to buy these apples.
nearby. (এটি ানের ক াক াখ ছুন wb‡`©k রনে  These lands are full of cattle.
ব্যবহৃে হয়।)
 It is singular. (এটি singular।)  That pen is mine.
 It is used to indicate something far  I wanted to buy that car.
That away. (এটি দূনরর ক ান াখ ছুন wb‡`©k রনে ব্যবহৃে  My brother wants that book.
হয়।)
 It is also used to indicate an event in
the past. (এটি অেীনের ক ান া ঘট া wb‡`©k রনেও
ব্যবহৃে হয়।)
 It is plural. (এটি plural।)  Those pens are red in colour.
 It is used to indicate something far  I want to buy those dresses.
Those away. (এটি দূনরর ক ান াখ ছুন wb‡`©k রনে ব্যবহৃে  He could hardly forget those days.
হয়।)
 It is also used to indicate an event in
the past. (এটি অেীনের ক ান া ঘট া wb‡`©k রনেও
ব্যবহৃে হয়।)

 Cook that Fish that we bought yesterday.  This mango is sour.

 The first day of my college was really enjoyable.
 Cook those fishes that we bought yesterday.
I could hardly forget that day.
 Cook this fish that you like.  There were so many memories in my college

 Cook these fishes that you like. life. I can still recall those days.
 There are some pens in my pocket. These pens
are green in color.  Raju lives in that house.

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A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with the demonstratives.
1. Robert Bruce fought hard with the English and ------------------ (use a demonstrative) time, he came
out successful.
2. I shall go to my country by ------------------ boat.
3. I am not playing. I have already gone through ------------------ pages.
4. On our way to the island, we watched ------------------ sea gulls.
5. He never neglects ------------------ duty.
6. She found ------------------ Jug too heavy.
7. Nelson Mandela was a great man. Unfortunately --------------- man was thrown behind the prison bars.
8. We can plant saplings on ------------------ lands.
9. Our government should take steps to make ------------------ fairs more popular.
10. Everyone should come forward to contribute ------------------ noble campaign.

USAGE OF DETERMINER
❑Determiner always indicates noun precisely or particularly being placed before the noun. (Determiner
me©`v noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m noun-‡K we‡klfv‡e ev wbw`©ófv‡e wb‡`©k নর।)
DIFFERENT KINDS OF DETERMINER
MULTIPLIER single, double, once, twice, thrice.
FRACTION half, one-third, two-third.
Pre-determiner
INTENSIFIER quite, such, rather, what, not really.
OTHER WORDS both, all.
ARTICLE a, an, the.
Central- DEMONSTRATIVE this, these, that, those, such.
determiner POSSESSIVE my, his, her, their, our, your, its, own.
OTHER WORDS each, every, either, neither, no, enough, any.
CARDINAL NUMBER one, two, three, four.
ORDINAL NUMBER first, second, third.
Post-determiner GENERAL ORDINAL other, another, the other, further, last, next, previous.
QUANTIFIER many, much, some, several, lots of, a lot of, few, a few,
little, a little, a number of, a great deal of, full, more, less.

 The people of our country are illiterate.  Rahim went to market to buy some apples.

 Mehedi is an honest boy.  I called you several times but you didn‟t receive.

 I want to buy a new car.  An honest man is always admired by all.

 Many students do not study regularly.

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A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with the determiners.
1. A balanced diet prevents --------------------- (use a determiner) diseases.
2. The --------------------- name of water is life.
3. Sabbir is --------------------- ideal student.
4. You want to cut off our tails because you have --------------------- tail of your own.
5. A good student never wastes a --------------------- moment in vain.
6. We must eat only --------------------- foods that are conducive to our health.
7. Newspaper gives us --------------------- the important news of home and abroad.
8. A newspaper supplies us with --------------------- sorts of news.
9. ---------------- dishonest businessmen use chemicals in food and fruits to make illegal money.
10. „The Indian Gazette‟ was the --------------------- newspaper of the subcontinent.

USAGE OF PARTICIPLE
❑A participle performs as an adjective being placed before the noun. (Participle memgq noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m
adjective Gi KvR K‡i Ges noun-‡K modify নর।)

 I want to buy a flying car.  An educated man is respected by all.

KINDS OF PARTICIPLE

Present Participle Past Participle Perfect Participle

(Verb+ing) (V3) (having + V3)

 A drowning man catches at a straw.  My brother has bought a rotten fish.

 I saw a swimming boy in the pond.  He is a wounded soldier.

 The running man is a thief.  I would like to have a boiled egg.

 A barking dog seldom bites.  I saw a flying bird.

A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with the participles.
1. We can keep fit ----------------- (use a participle) a balanced diet.
2. You can learn about them if you have acquired the ----------------- skills in English.
3. In almost every sphere of life, the people had to face ----------------- sufferings.
4. When their injustice raised to the zenith, ----------------- people stood against the Pakistani rulers.
5. New areas of the world are ----------------- turned into desert as a result of deforestation.
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6. ----------------- illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring about massive development there.
7. Their sons also started ----------------- with their father.
8. ----------------- trees indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence.
9. Latrines ----------------- on ponds and rivers cause water pollution.
10. People are getting untold benefits ----------------- the mobile phone.

USAGE OF QUANTIFIER
❑A quantifier indicates a quantity of something and performs as an adjective being placed before the
noun. For examples- Much, many, lots of, a lot of, a few, a little, all, some, different, numerous, one, two,
three... etc. (Quantifier ‡Kvb wKQzi cwigvY‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Ges noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective Gi KvR নর। ‡hgb: much,
many, lots of, a lot of, a few, a little, all, some, different, numerous, one, two, three... ইেোখে।)
❑We use them before noun to indicate amounts or quantities of something. For examples:

 I have a little money in my pocket.  My father bought some apples for me.

 A lot of people joined the concert yesterday.  I need a few pens.

A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with a quantifier.

1. A wide range of programs of varied interest is telecast on ----------------- (use a quantifier) channels.
2. He says prayer ----------------- times a day.
3. He has ----------------- good qualities.
4. ----------------- day the boy Fazlul Huq was reading.
5. He asked him to quote ----------------- lines from such and such pages of his book.
6. In fact, ----------------- living beings need to take food.
7. The spider almost got to the point ---------------- times.
8. Napoleon won many battles and conquered ----------------- countries of Europe.
9. The black were subjected to ----------------- sorts of indignities.
10. There are ----------------- fellow lands around us.

USAGE OF ADVERB
❑Adverb modifies verb by being placed after or before the verb. Adverb also modifies adjective or
another adverb being placed before or after them. (Adverb, verb-‡K modify K‡i verb Gi c‡i বা c~‡e© e‡m ।
Adverb, adjective বা অন্য adverb-‡Kও modify K‡i adjective বা অন্য adverb Gi c~‡e© ev c‡i e‡m †hgb:)

 Mina goes to school regularly.  He walks fast.

 Karim is a very talented boy in his class.  He is tall enough to touch the fan.

 He is undoubtedly a good man.  He is walking very quickly.

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A. Modify the verb or adjective or adverb with another adverb.
1. Nazrul enriched the Bengali literature ----------------- (use an adverbial phrase/adverb).
2. If we destroy trees -----------------, one day the country will turn into a great desert.
3. Pakistan is going down -----------------.
4. ----------------- the lower southern part of Bangladesh will go under water.
5. He ----------------- entered the room and said, o my boy, do not play with your book.
6. He ----------------- remarked, “I am expecting this. After thunder, comes rain”.
7. Everyone praised him -----------------.
8. Her pity ----------------- turned into love.
9. They used to send money to their parents -----------------.
10. Nazrul sang the songs of equality -----------------.

USAGE OF APPOSITIVE
❑Appositive is a noun / noun phrase / noun clause which gives extra information about the previous
noun. (Appositive nj a noun / noun phrase / noun clause hv noun Gi c‡i e‡m c~e©eZ©x noun m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨
cÖ`vb নর।)

 Bayzid, a cute boy, is a good student.  Shafiqul Islam, a famous poet, is my uncle.

 Salim Ahammad, an army soldier, is the  The Padma, a wonderful river, is floating
real hero of our country. over Bangladesh.
Note: To put Appositive in the exam, only the noun phrase should be put. (পরীক্ষায় Appositive বসানে হন঱ শুধু
noun phrase-টিই বসানে হনব।)

A. Post modify the noun with an appositive.

1. One day a lion, -----------------, (use an appositive) was sleeping in a forest.
2. Nazrul, -----------------, won the attention of everyone in his early life.
3. Othello, -----------------, had risen to become a general.
4. A. K. Fazlul Huq, -----------------, was very meritorious from his boyhood.
5. Hercules, -----------------, was noted for super-human energy.
6. Napoleon, -----------------, was a great hero.
7. One day a fox, -----------------, was walking aimlessly through the forest.
8. Nelson Mandela, -----------------, is one of the greatest leaders of the world.
9. A book fair, -----------------, is the fair where there are many books for display and sale.
10. Dr. Yunus, -----------------, won Nobel Prize for peace in 2006.

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 USAGE OF INFINITIVE
❑The Infinitive in English basically refers to the base form of the verb. That is, the base form of any verb
like go, do, buy, write etc. is called Infinitive. But in HSC examination, when we are asked to use
Infinitive or Infinitive phrase, we have to use „to + verb1’ or „to + verb1 + some other words’ as
Infinitive. (ইংনরখিনে Infinitive ব঱নে মূ঱ে verb এর base form-ক কবাঝায়। অর্ থাৎ go, do, buy, write ইেোখে কযন ান া
verb এর base form-ক Infinitive বন঱। েনব HSC examination-এ যি আমানেরন Infinitive বা Infinitive phrase
ব্যবহার রনে ব঱া হনব েি আমানেরন „to + verb1‟ অর্বা „to + verb1 + some other words‟ বসানে হনব।)
 Infinitive = to + verb1
 Infinitive phrase = to + verb1 +one word / some words.
 I want to fly.  My father ordered me to follow his
 I want to buy a new car. command.
 Rahim decided to dance.

A. Pre-modify the nouns coming after the gaps with an infinitive or infinitive
phrase.
1. There are many dishonest men who cut trees in our forest ----------------- (use an infinitive phrase).
2. Nazrul composed his songs -----------------.
3. Necessary steps should be taken -----------------.
4. He wants ----------------- illiteracy from his village.
5. They left for towns ----------------- money.

USAGE OF PREPOSITIONAL PPHRASE

❑Prepositional phrase is a phrase that starts with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun or another
preposition. (Prepositional phrase nj Ggb GKwU phrase hv preposition w`‡q ïiæ nq Ges noun ev pronoun ev preposition
w`‡q ‡kl nq|)
 The man with beautiful eyes is my  We should help others in time of
friend. danger.
 Rahim went to the market with his  He asked me to solve the puzzle.
brother.

A. Use prepositional phrases to complete the following sentences.

1. Many students are not serious ----------------- (use a prepositional phrase).
2. Melting of ice caps of polar region will cause an alarming rise -----------------.
3. Some students remain inattentive -----------------.
4. The thief replied that he had been starving -----------------.
5. If you do not have a good command in English, you will suffer -----------------.

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 USAGE OF INTENSIFIER
❑An Intensifier emphasizes an adjective being placed before or after the adjective. (GKwU Intensifier, adjective Gi
c~‡e© ev c‡i e‡m adjective-‡K †Rvi`vi K‡i|)

 Everyone was extremely excited.  Sajjad is tall enough to touch the ring.

 Kopal Kondola is a very interesting novel.  Saiyada is an exceptionally brilliant student.
Some examples of Intensifier: Very, so, really, highly, too, enough, fairly, exceptionally, amazingly,
enormously, extremely, incredibly etc.

A. Modify the adjectives with the intensifiers to complete the following sentences.
1. His songs are ----------------- (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious.
2. She felt ----------------- weak, almost giving up hope.
3. The number of qualified doctor is ----------------- few.
4. The country has become ----------------- barbarous.
5. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high ----------------- to touch the sky.
6. A village doctor is a ----------------- familiar person in the rural areas of Bangladesh.
7. They became ----------------- dear and friendly to us.
8. We became ----------------- excited.
9. Make your sentence ----------------- short and simple.
10. He was a ----------------- sagacious person.

1. Arsenic is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-
modify the adjective) dangerous for human health. (c) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the
noun) substance is found in the water of the tube well. There are (d) ______ (use quantifier to pre-
modify tie noun) villages in (e) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. Most of our
(f) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) people drink tube well water. As a result,
many of them are suffering from the arsenic problem. This problem is (g) ______ (pre-modify the
verb) found in North Bengal. We should take proper measures (h) ______ (post-modify the verb with
an infinitive phrase). Government is trying to mark the tube wells having arsenic (i) ______ (use a
participle to post modify the verb) red colour. People should be refrained from drinking water of (j)
______ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) tube wells. Otherwise, they will suffer from
arsenicosis. [Dhaka Board-2019]
2. Newspaper plays a very (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes
news and views of home and abroad. Only (b) ______ (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not
enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) ______ (post modify the verb with an
infinitive) his general knowledge. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) ______
(post modify the verb). The newspaper helps one (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive)
the facts of the world. (f) ______ (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) regularly, one
can be aware of everything. There are (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspaper. One
should select the newspaper (h) ______ (post-modify the verb). One should choose the (i) ______

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 (pre-modify the noun) paper because many newspapers present news partially. Whatever the paper is,
it (j) ______ (pre-modify the verb) helps a man. [Cumilla Board-2019]

3. We can‟t think of our existence without language. It plays a (a) ______ (use an intensifier) important
role in our life. We use language from the time we wake up (b) ______ (post-modify the verb) till we
go to bed at night. We use language not only in our (c) ______ (pre-modify the noun) hours but also
in our dreams. We use language (d) ______ (use an infinitive) what we feel and to say what we like
or dislike. We also use language (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) information.
Language is (f) ______ (pre-modify the adjective) present in our life. It is an (g) ______ (pre-modify
the noun) part of our life. As an (h) ______ (pre-modify the noun) nation, we also have a language.
But we had to struggle (i) ______ (post-modify the verb) to establish the right of our language. Many
(j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) sons sacrificed their lives for the language. [Chattogram Board-
2019]
4. Taking food is essential. We take food (a) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).
We cannot survive on earth if we do not take food. In fact (b) ______ (use a quantifier to pre-modify
the noun phrase) living beings need to take food. But it is a matter of great regret that (c)______ (use
possessive to pre-modify the noun) food is being adulterated. (d) ______ (use a noun-adjective to pre-
modify the noun) adulteration is increasing (e) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adverb)
alarmingly that we cannot stop it. (f) ______ (use a determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase)
dishonest businessmen use (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) chemicals in food and fruits to make
illegal and quick money. But they do not think about (h) ______ (use a possessive to pre-modify the
noun) health. (i) ______ (use present participle) adulterated food, people get sick. They are often
attacked with different fatal diseases. So (j) ______ (use a gerund) food safety is a must today.
[Rajshahi Board 2019]
5. Air and water are the most (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) elements of the
environment. But we pollute them (b) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). Mills and
factories use fuel (c) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their products. The burning of
this fuel creates smoke (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverbial). Motor vehicles also
pollute the air, (e) ______ (use an appositive). Water is polluted by (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun
with a quantifier) kinds of waste and filth. We pollute water (g) ______ (post-modify the verb with
present participle phrase) into water. Farmers use (h) ______ (pre modify the noun with an adjective)
fertilizers and insecticides and pollute water. (i) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a past participle)
water is (j) ______ (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) harmful to health. [Jashore Board
2019]
6. Bangladesh is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) country. Though it is a small country, it has a (b)
______ (pre-modify the noun) population. People (c) ______ (pre-modify the verb with an adverb)
depend on agriculture. They grow different kinds of crops (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with an
adverbial phrase). We earn (e) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) currencies by
exporting some of these crops. We are also rich in (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective)
resources. Now, we are able (g) ______ (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) natural gas
from underground. Our industries are also rising (h) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb).
We export (i) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) products to the developed
countries. In this regard, we have already earned a (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) reputation.
[Dinajpur Board-2019]
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7. A library is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) of knowledge. The students (b) ______ (use a
participle) to all classes visit it in their library periods. Our college library is housed in two rooms. (c)
______ (pre-modify the noun) almirahs are placed in one room. The other room is the (d) ______
(use a participle to modify the noun) room where magazines, journals and newspapers are placed.
There are about five thousand books in our library which are arranged (e) ______ (post-modify the
verb). Any type of book can be traced in no time. The books cater to the needs and interests (f)
______ (use a prepositional phrase). There are two separate sections in the library. One of them
contains reference books like (g) ______ (use nouns) etc. The other section contains books (h)
______ (use prepositional phrase). Every student has a library (i) ______ (use a noun). The reading
room is always crowded (j) ______ (post-modify the verb) in the afternoon. [Sylhet Board-2019]

8. The roads (a) ______ (use an adjective phrase to post-modify the noun) are beset with problems. (b)
______ (pre-modify the noun) driving is one of them. Most of the drivers are not (c) ______ (pre-
modify the participle) trained. They are not well educated. They can (d) ______ (use an adverb to pre-
modify the verb) put their signature and read Bengali. They are indifferent to (e) ______ (use a noun
adjective) life. They do not realize that life is (f) ______ (use a determiner) valuable than time. They
drive (g) ______ (post-modify the verb). They do (h) ______ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb)
drive consciously. Even they themselves are not conscious of (i) ______ (use a possessive) own lives.
They drive (j) ______ (use an adverb phrase to post-modify the verb) and try to overtake others.
[Barishal Board-2019]

9. Television has become the most common and (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) source of
entertainment of the (b) ______ (pre-modify the noun) world. A wide range of programs of (c)
______ (pre-modify the adjective) interest is telecast on (d) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify the
noun) channels. Almost every middle class and even working-class families have a television set
today. (e) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) programs are (f) ______ (pre-modify
the adjective) entertaining. They can be (g) ______ (pre-modify the adjective) educative too. Courses
(h) ______ (post modify the noun) by the Open University are shown on BTV. (i) ______ (pre-
modify the noun) channels like the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic Channel telecast
highly informative programs. However, watching TV has become (j) ______ (use an article)
addiction for many.[Combined Board Ka set-2018]

10. Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali Literature. He was a (a) ______ (pre-modify the
noun) poet. He wrote (b) ______ (post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature.
Nazrul, (c) ______ (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He
wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) ______ (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed
his songs (e) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f) ______ (use
an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali Literature (g) ______
(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) ______ (use a noun
adjective) literature. He was (i) ______ (use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j)
______ (use an adverbial phrase). [Combined Board Kha set-2018; Sylhet Board-2017]

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11. Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) ______ (post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic
needs of food and housing, trees are being cut in large scale and thus it causes (b) ______ (pre-
modify the noun) imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c)
______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The (d) ______ (use a noun adjective to
pre-modify the noun) level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea
in near future. New areas of the world are (e) ______ (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned
into desert as a result of deforestation. So, we must stop (f) ______ (use a participle to post-modify
the verb) down trees unnecessarily. (g) ______ (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees
indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destroy trees (h) ______ (use an
adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) one day the country will turn into a great dessert. The (i)
______ (use a participle to pre modify the noun) temperature will cause the greenhouse effect.
Necessary measures should be taken (j) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb)
[Dhaka Board-2017]
12. A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b)
______ (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating
a (c) ______ (pre-modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d) ______ (use determiner to pre-modify
the noun) diseases. As a result we do not get sick (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb).
We should select (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We
should not eat the (g) ______ (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We
can keep fit (h) ______ (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i) ______ (post-modify
the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j) ______ (use a determiner) nutritionist can
help us. [Cumilla Board-2017]
13. The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a) ______ (post-modify the verb) at the
reaction of the Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b) ______ (pre-
modify the noun) collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971.
There is a demand for an apology from (c) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun)
government for the crimes of its army during the liberation war of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan‟s
National Assembly may be within its rights (d) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the
verb) for the execution of two collaborators. But it is quite clear to us that Pakistan always tries to
erase its past history. To erase (e) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) history is not
easy because history continues to follow all of us. Pakistan, (f) ______ (post-modify the noun with an
appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As a result, the country has become (g) ______
(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) barbarous. So, Pakistan is going down (h) ______ (use
an adverb to post-modify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Mr Jinnah was physically (i) ______ (use
an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so, the state always tried to show its physical
strength since (j) ______ (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) birth. [Chattogram Board-2017]
14. Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) ______ (pre-modify the
noun) farmer who used (b) ______ (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people‟s land.
With great effort, they married (c) ______ (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached
teenage. The sons also started (d) ______ (use a present participle to modify the verb) with their
father as (e) ______ (pre-modify the noun) labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time
they were seventeen, they left for towns (f) ______ (use the infinitive to post-modify the verb)
money. At first, they used to send money to their parents (g) ______ (use an adverb to post-modify
the verb) but after getting married they barely had enough to support their (h) ______ (pre-modify the
noun) families. Out of desperation; Ayesha Begum started (i) ______ (post-modify the verb) in the
village to feed her old, (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) husband and herself. [Rajshahi Board-2017]

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15. A village doctor is a very (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh.
He is (b) ______ (pre-modify the verb) known as quack. A village doctor is not a (c) ______ (pre-
modify the noun) doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) ______ (post-modify the verb). He
treats the patients (e) ______ (use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not
a (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) ______ (pre-modify the verb) furnished.
He cannot supply costly medicine to (h) ______ (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the
number of qualified doctors is (i)______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a
village doctor is a great friend to the (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) villagers. [Jashore Board-
2017; Barishal Board-2016]
16. Sabbir is (a) ______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b)
______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does
(c) ______ (post-modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time
once lost is lost forever. So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time, he goes to his native
village. He teaches (d) ______ (pre-modify the noun) people. He wants (e) ______ (use an infinitive
phrase to post-modify the verb) illiteracy from his village. (f) ______ (use a present participle to pre-
modify the verb) illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring about massive development there. He is
(g) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) devoted to God. He says prayer (h) ______
(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times a day. He never tells a lie. He respects his parents very
much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His father, (i) ______ (post-modify the noun phrase
with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal housewife, (j) ______ (pre-modify
the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Sabbir is rarely found nowadays. [Dinajpur
Board-2017]
17. Raja, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known to his classmates as a good
student. He has (b) ______ (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He knows that
the (c) ______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) duty of a student is to study and he never
neglects (d) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) duty. He prepares (e) ______ (use
possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of
time. He gets up (f) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb) so that he can get enough time to
study. He goes to school (g) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a (h)
______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain. Raja is (i) ______ (pre-modify the
adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents and teachers. He never mixes with
(j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Raja is a great asset of a nation. [Barishal
Board-2017]
18. Rabindranath Tagore was a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali literature. He was born
in a (b) ______ (pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school (c) ______
(post-modify the verb). He wrote his (d) ______ (pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At
the age of seventeen, he went to London (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) school
there. He was put up in a lodging house under the care of a (f) ______ (pre-modify the noun) coach,
Mr Scott. He was lucky (g) ______ (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) an English family of
Mr Scott. He also visited the House of Parliament (h) ______ (post-modify the verb with an
infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright‟s debates on Irish rule. He wrote letters to Kolkata (i) ______
(post-modify the verb with a present participle) English society. At this, his family thought that they
might lose their son (j) ______ (post-modify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata. [Dhaka
Board-2016]
19. I had a peculiar experience (a) ______ (post-modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin‟s Island. I
visited the island along with my family. Zahid, (b) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive),
was our guide. On our way to the island, we watched (c) ______ (use a determiner to pre-modify the
noun) seagulls. The (d) ______ (pre-modify the noun) birds were flying (e) ______ (post-modify the
verb) with the ship. They became (f) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and
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 friendly to us. We entertained them with chips and biscuits. (g) ______ them (use a present participle
to pre-modify the verb), we became (h) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective)
excited. We decided (i) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) in the idyllic island
for a couple of days. We can never forget (j) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the adjective
phrase) lovely sea birds. [Cumilla Board-2016]
20. Once there lived a (a) ______ (pre-modify noun) fox in a jungle. One day, while he was walking (b)
______ (post-modify the verb) through the jungle, he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt (c)
______ (pre-modify the adjective) unhappy and sad. But the fox was very cunning. He hit upon a
plan. He invited all the foxes (d) ______ (post modify the verb with an infinitive) to a meeting. When
all the foxes arrived, the fox without a tail said, “My dear friends, listen to me, please, I have
discovered a (e) ______ (pre-modify the noun) thing. It is that our tails are (f) ______ (pre-modify the
adjective) useless. They look ugly and dirty. So, we all should cut off our tails, shouldn‟t we?” All
foxes listened to the cunning fox (g) ______ (post-modify the verb). Most of them agreed (h) ______
(post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old and (i) ______ (pre-modify the noun)
fox said to him, “My friend, your plan is nice but evil. Actually, you want to cut off our tails because
you have (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) tail of your own.” [Chattogram Board-2016]
21. It was a hot (a) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day. A (b) ______ (pre-modify
the noun) crow flew all over the fields looking for water. For a long time, she could not find any
water. She felt (c) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak, almost giving up
hope. Suddenly, she saw a water jug below her. She flew (d) ______ (post-modify the verb) to see if
there was any water inside. Yes, she could see some water inside the jug. The crow tried (e) ______
(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Sadly, she found that the neck of the jug was too
narrow. Then she tried to push the jug down for the water to flow out. But she found (f) ______ (use a
demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) jug too heavy. The crow thought (g) ______ (use a phrase to
post-modify the verb) what to do. (h) ______ (use a participle to pre-modify the verb), she saw some
pebbles nearby. She (i) ______ (pre-modify the verb) had a good idea. She started picking up the
pebbles one by one, dropping each into the jug. As more and more pebbles filled the jug, the water
level kept rising. Soon it was high (j) ______ (post-modify the adjective) for the crow to drink. The
crow quenched her thirst and flew away. [Rajshahi Board-2016]
22. Most of the people in (a) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the
importance of English. In fact, it is an (b) ______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language
and we are living in a (c) ______ (pre-modify the noun) village. So, if you know English (d) ______
(post- modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) ______ (use the article to pre-
modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) ______ (use a
noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without the knowledge of English with proper
understanding, you cannot complete (g) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher
studies because most of the books are written in English in the process of higher education. Poor
knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) ______ (use a noun adjective) development. In short,
if you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer (i) ______ (post-modify the verb with
prepositional phrase / adverbial) of your life. So, don‟t waste your time and try to learn English (j)
______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today. [Jashore Board-2016]
23. Water is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) substance. It has no colour of (b) ______ (possessive to
pre-modify) own. The (c) ______ (determiner to pre-modify the noun) name of water is life. By
drinking water, we can quench (d) ______ (possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. Thus we can
survive on earth. But (e) ______ (pre-modify the noun) water is life killing. By drinking contaminated
water, we suffer from diseases like diarrhea, typhoid etc. We may (f) ______ (pre-modify the verb)
face (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) death by drinking such type of water. We are responsible for
(h) ______ (noun adjective to pre modify the noun) pollution. Waste materials from mills and
factories are thrown here and there. Farmers use fertilizers and insecticides on their land. During the
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 rainy season, they are mixed with ponds and rivers. Besides, latrines (i) ______ (participle to post-
modify the noun) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution. (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun)
awareness should be raised to stop water pollution. [Dinajpur Board-2016]
24. Othello, (a) ______ (use an appositive to post-modify the noun), had risen to become a general. He
had shown his bravery in many (b) ______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) battles against
the Turks. Everyone praised him (c) ______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) and the senate
trusted and honoured him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice, had a daughter named Desdemona (d)
______ (use a relative clause to post-modify the noun). Brabantio (e) ______ (use an adverb to pre-
modify the verb) invited Othello to his house where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello
as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f) ______
(use an intensifier) to touch the sky. Desdemona had to weep (g) ______ (use a present participle to
post-modify the verb phrase) and she never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h)
______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) for the misfortunes and hardships of his life. Her pity
(i) ______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) turned to love. She refused all the young men (j)
______ (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) because she loved Othello, a noble Muslim Moor
from North Africa. [Sylhet Board-2016]
25. Socrates, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), believed that an angry man was more
of a beast than a (b) ______ (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) being. His wife used to lose (c)
______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) temper in the slightest excuse. She tried her utmost
(d) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the non phrase) Socrates. (e) ______ (use
quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day the woman became more furious than ever. She began to insult
(f) ______ (use article to pre- modify the noun) great scholar of Gerard. Socrates went (g) ______
(post-modify the verb with an adverbial of place). He sat on the (h) ______ (use a noun adjective to
pre-modify the noun) step of his residence looking out on the path street. The wife found that (i)
______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) husband was not paying the least heed to her word.
She went up to him with a bucket full of water and suddenly she poured much water over him. He (j)
______ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) remarked. “I am expecting this. After thunder, comes
rain.”
26. One day Robert Bruce, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was lying in the cave.
He was thinking of (b) ______ (use possessive to pre- modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that
he would not be able (c) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to modify the verb). Suddenly he saw a
spider (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with a prepositional phrase/an adverbial of place). The
spider was trying to reach (e) ______ (use article to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It
almost got to the point (f) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) time, but fell down at the
last moment. It did not lose hope. It was trying (g) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). On
the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed (h) ______ (use
an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged and came
out of the cave and began to gather soldiers again. He remembered the small spider and prepared (i)
______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (j)
______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Strong will and
perseverance made Robert Bruce the king of Scotland again.
27. Coleridge‟ poem, (a) ______ (use an appositive), narrates the harrowing (b) ______ (use a noun
adjective) voyage of an old mariner (c) ______ (use an adjective clause) because of a curse. Cursed or
not, we know how important (d) ______ (use present participle) water is in our life. We know that we
cannot survive without it. In fact, (e) ______ (use a numeral) thirds of our body is made up of water.
Is there a crisis in (f) ______ (use possessive) time with regard (g) ______ (use an infinitive phrase)
to clean drinking water? The United Nations in a meeting on the eve of the (h) ______ (use an
adjective to pre-modify the noun) millennium identified the drinking water problem as (i) ______

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 (use a determiner) of the challenges for the future. But do we need (j) ______ (use an infinitive
phrase) about the problems as ours is a land of rivers?
28. Education is necessary for a (a) ______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) development of a
country. The level of development of a country can (b) ______ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb)
be determined by observing the condition of its education. If a country can provide (c) ______ (use a
possessive to pre-modify noun) people with a modern and (d) ______ (use an adjective to pre-modify
noun) curriculum of education, it will be able (e) ______ (use a infinitive) development. But (f)
______ (use an adverb) Bangladesh has not been able (g) ______ (use an infinitive) proper education
for its (h) ______ (use participle to pre-modify the noun) young generation. Scholars think that there
are (i) ______ (use a quantifier) incongruities in our national (j) ______ (use a noun adjective)
system.
29. Sher-e-Bangla A.K Faziul Hoq, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was very
meritorious from his boyhood. His father Kazi Wazed Ali was a (b) ______ (use a adjective to pre-
modify the noun) pleader in the Barishal Bar. (c) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify noun) day the
boy Fazlul Hoq was reading (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). His father
was passing by. He was reading his lessons and tearing off (e) ______ (use article to pre-modify the
noun) pages of his book one after another. He (f) ______ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb)
entered the room and said, “O my boy! do not play with your book.” “I am not playing. I have already
gone through (g) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) pages. So, I don‟t need them
at all”, said he (FH). (h) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify noun) father wanted to test him. He
asked him to quote (i) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) lines form such and such pages
of his book. Fazlul Hoq quoted the pieces from memory word for word. He was (j) ______ (use an
adverb to pre-modify the adjective) charmed at the wonderful memory of his son.
30. Many years ago there lived a king named Solomon. He was very wise and helped people in many
ways. (a) ______ (noun phrase) spread far and wide. The Queen of Sheba heard about the name and
fame of king Solomon, (b) ______ (post-modify with an appositive). She could not believe that he
was so wise and wealthy. (c) ______ (adverbial) she decided to visit his country and meet him
personally. (d) ______ (adverbial) the queen came to king Solomon‟s palace. The queen brought with
her hundred servants who carried many fine presents. (e) ______ (adverbial), she brought with her
some artificial flowers that were mixed with some real flowers. The flowers were (f) ______ (an
intensifier) beautiful and looked alike. (g) ______ (infinitive phrase) the queen asked the courtiers to
find out the real ones. They took time and watched the flowers minutely. (h) ______ (adverbial) they
failed to differentiate. (i) ______ (adverbial) king Solomon watched some bees flying over some
flowers. (j) ______ (participle phrase) he realized those flowers to be real.
31. We know that (a) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) species are important for
maintaining (b) ______ (pre-modify the noun) balance. If one is lost, the whole natural environment
(c) ______ (pre-modify the verb) changes. In order to protect the environment from being spoilt, we
should (d) ______ (pre-modify the verb) protect (e) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun)
wildlife. (f) ______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) good news is that (g) ______ (use
quantifier to pre-modify the noun) countries are (h) ______ (pre-modify the verb) taking action to
protect their endangered wild life. George Lay Cock, (i) ______ (post-modify the noun with an
appositive) writes, “Mankind must develop a concern for wild creatures and a determination that (j)
______ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) wild species will not perish.”

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32. Drug addiction is a curse of (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) civilization. Drug is usually used as
medicine (b) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) diseases and an excess of taking
drug for no disease is called drug addiction. The drug addiction has grasped the young generation (c)
______ (post-modify the verb). They take drugs to forget their (d) ______ (post-modify the noun) past or
memories. People (e) ______ (pre-modify the verb) take heroine, opium, morphine, cocaine, phencydiyl
etc. for drug addiction. There are some people who first take drugs as a fun but it terms into an addiction
(f) ______ (post-modify the verb). Drug addiction causes (g) ______ (post-modify the noun) harms to
human body. (h) ______ (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) we can remove this curse from our
country. All concerned should take initiative (i) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb)
it. Suppliers should be punished (j) ______ (post-modify the verb).
33. English gives us (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) access to the ever expanding knowledge of science
and technology, arts and education, innovations and discoveries. Moreover all the books, journals,
reports, research findings are available in English. As many important books, papers etc. are either (b)
______ (post-modify the noun) in English or translated into English (c) ______ (post-modify the
verb) after they are published in other languages. You can (d) ______ (post-modify the verb) learn
about them if you have acquired the (e) ______ (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) skills in
English. (f) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to pre-modify the verb) you have to get a deep and (g)
______ (pre-modify the noun) time experience of reading different texts, books or articles etc.
Moreover correct listening from others will also promote your (h) ______ (pre-modify the noun)
mastery on reading English. At first, when you desire to speak English you might get (i) ______
(post-modify the noun) to release any word from (j) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun)
mouth as it won't come out smoothly.
34. Napoleon, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was a great hero. He fought many battles
and conquered (b) ______ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) countries of Europe. One day he was
walking along the sea-shore. Suddenly he noticed a (c) ______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun)
thing. (d) ______ (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) English boy was making a small boat. The
king asked him why he was making (e) ______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) a small
boat. The boy said, “I shall cross the sea. (f) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country is on
the other side of the sea. I shall go to my country by (g) ______ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the
noun) boat. I didn‟t see my mother for a good long time. Let me go to my country (h) ______ .” (use an
infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The king was (i) ______ (use an adverb to pre-modify the
adjective) charmed by the words of the small boy. He made (j) ______ (use determiner to pre- modify the
noun phrase) arrangements to send him to his country.
35. The ant is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) insect. Ants are (b) ______ (pre-modify the noun)
insects too. They do not sit idle. They work (c) ______ (post-modify the verb) to store food for (d)
______ (pre-modify the noun) days. They move in groups and help one another in time of danger. If
(e) ______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) ant is affected, (f) ______ (use determiner to pre-
modify the noun) ants come forward to rescue it at any cost. (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) things
can be learnt from (h) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) way of life. Like ants, (i)
______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) community should be united. Unity is strength. And
a (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) community cannot be defeated and destroyed.
36. Once there lived a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) fox in a jungle. He was (b)
______ (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) hungry. He went out (c) ______ (post-modify
the verb with infinitive) for food. But he did not get any food (d) ______ (post-modify the verb with
infinitive). At last he entered a vineyard. There were ripe grapes (e) ______ (post-modify the noun
with a present participle) on the vine. The grapes were too high for him (f) ______ (post-modify the
verb with an infinitive phrase). (g) ______ (pre-modify the verb with a present participle) rest for a
while, he jumped to get the bunch of grapes. But he failed (h) ______ (post-modify the verb with an
infinitive phrase). (i) ______ (pre-modify the verb with a present participle), the fox went away. But
he said he did not like (j) ______ (pre-modify the noun) grapes.
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37. Our people fought (a) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb) in our liberation war.
Independence was our (b) ______ (pre-modify the noun with a phrase) need. We tried to live (c)
______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb) with the Pakistanis. But they were (d) ______ (use an
adjective) to us. They behaved (e) ______ (use an adverb). (f) ______ (use a participle) no way to
settlement, we took up arms. India had reasons enough (g) ______ (use an infinitive phrase to post-
modify the adverb) us. At last, the (h) ______ (pre-modify the noun) force won over Pakistan. We
started living (i) ______ (post-modify with an adverb). We must speak (j) ______ (post-modify the
verb by an adverb) of our independence.

38. Nelson Mandela, (a) ______ (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is one of the greatest leaders
of the world. During (b) ______ (use determiner) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated
from the non-Europeans. It was (c) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) policy of
racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) ______ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the
noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) ______ (use an adjective to pre-modify the
noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) ______ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase)
own country. The blacks were also treated (g) ______ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). Even
dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) ______ (use an adjective to pre-
modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) ______ (use
a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man was thrown behind the prison bars. But the
oppressive ruler could not break his (j) ______ (use a present participle to pre-modify the noun) spirit.

39. Morning walk is a (a) ______ (pre-modify the noun) exercise. So, we should walk (b) ______ (post-
modify the verb). It is beneficial to both young and (c) ______ (pre-modify the noun) people. In the
morning, we can breathe in (d) ______ (pre-modify the noun) air. It helps to be physically and (e) ______
(pre-modify the adjective) fit. This fitness helps us (f) ______ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the
whole day. We need to get up (g) ______ (post-modify the verb) to walk in the morning. It keeps us (h)
______ (pre-modify the adjective) healthy and we also get (i) ______ (per-modify the noun) time to work.
So, there is no alternative to walking (j) ______ (post-modify the verb).

40. Once there lived a (a) ______ (use a pre-modifier of the noun) woodcutter. But he was (b) ______
(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) honest. He earned his livelihood by cutting wood and
selling them in the market. One day while he was cutting wood near a pond, suddenly (c) ______ (use
a possessive to pre-modify the noun) axe slipped from his hand and fell into the water and soon it
sank (d) ______ (use a prepositional phrase). The woodcutter could not find any way to get back his
axe. He sat by the side of the pond (e) ______ (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He was
thinking how he could cut wood without axe and maintain (f) ______ (use a possessive to pre-modify
the noun) family. Then a (g) ______ (pre-modify the noun) incident took place. A (h) ______ (use a
pre-modifier of the noun) fairy was passing near the pond. She saw the woodcutter (i) ______ (use a
present participle to post-modify the verb) by the pond. She asked him with a sweet voice. “Why are
you (j) ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) sad? What happened to you?”
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 ANSWER SHEET
EXERCISE:1-A 1= popular / widespread / great, modern / present 2= great / famous / renowned / rebel,
3= summer, 4= clever / cunning, 5= small / riverine / beautiful, 6= easy, 7= birth, 8= important, 9=
greatest, 10= vital / important, 11= good, 12= common / big.
EXERCISE: 2-A 1= Bengali / Bangla, 2= water / air / sound / environment, 3= sea / water, 4= foreign, 5=
Bengali / Bangla, 6= future, 7= birth, 8= Food, 9= district, 10= office.
EXERCISE: 3-A 1= his, 2= our, 3= its, 4= our, 5= his, 6= your, 7= our, 8= its / her, 9= his, 10= our, 11=
her, 12= My.
EXERCISE: 4-A 1= this, 2= this, 3= these, 4= those, 5= this, 6= that, 7= this, 8= these / those, 9= these /
those, 10= this.

EXERCISE: 5-A 1= many / a lot of, 2= other, 3= an, 4= no, 5= single, 6= such, 7= all, 8= all, 9= A,
10= first.

EXERCISE: 6-A 1= maintaining / following, 2= required, 3= untold, 4= oppressed, 5= being / getting,

6= Removing / Eradicating, 7= working, 8= Cutting / Destroying, 9= standing / built, 10= using.
EXERCISE: 7-A 1= varied / various, 2= five, 3= many / a lot of, 4= One, 5= some / a few, 6= all, 7=
several, 8= many, 9= all, 10= many / a lot of.
EXERCISE: 8-A 1= greatly, 2= indiscriminately / at random / recklessly, 3= day by day / gradually, 4=
One day, 5= at once / suddenly, 6= quietly, 7= highly / greatly, 8= finally, 9= regularly / occasionally,
10= throughout his life / in his poem / in a loud voice.
EXERCISE: 9-A 1= king of beasts / king of forest, 2= our national poet / the rebel poet / a great poet, 3=
a black moor, 4= the great leader of Bengal / a renowned politician of our country, 5= the son of Zeus, 6=
an emperor of France / the king of France, 7= a cunning animal, 8= the first black president of South
Africa / an icon of peace / a great leader of South Africa, 9= a place of book lovers, 10= the founder of
Grameen Bank.
EXERCISE: 10-A 1= to earn much money illegally, 2= to inspire the people / to bring equality in the
society, 3= to stop cutting trees indiscriminately / to minimize environment pollution, 4= to remove / to
eradicate, 5= to earn.
EXERCISE: 11-A 1= about their future / about their responsibilities, 2= in the sea levels, 3= to their
studies / in the class, 4= for three day / for two days, 5= in the long run.
EXERCISE: 12-A 1= very / highly, 2= very, 3= very / really, 4= so / very / extremely, 5= enough. 6=
very, 7= very, 8= very, 9= fairly, 10= very / highly.

ANSWERS OF THE EXERCISE FOR HSC EXAMINEES

1. (a) harmful / poisonous/detrimental; (b) very / extremely; (c) this; (d) many / several; (e) some; (f)
village / common village; (g) mostly / usually / unexpectedly / nowadays; (h) to remain safe / to solve
this problem / to purify the water; (i) painting; (j) those / these.
2. (a) significant / important; (b) bookish; (c) to increase / to enrich; (d) everyday / regularly; (e) to
know; (f) Reading newspaper; (g) different / various; (h) properly / rightly / justly / wisely; (i)
impartial; (j) always / really / actually / truly.

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3. (a) very; (b) in the morning; (c) walking; (d) to express; (e) to get / to convey / to exchange; (f) ever /
always; (g) essential / integral; (h) independent; (i) hard; (j) valiant.
4. (a) to survive/to live; (b) all/every; (c) our; (d) Food; (e) so; (f) Some; (g) harmful; (h) our (i)
Taking/Eating; (j) ensuring.
5. (a) essential / valuable; (b) indiscriminately; (c) to manufacture; (d) on a large scale / hugely /
enormously; (e) an important element of our environment; (f) all / various / different; (g) throwing
waste; (h) chemical; (i) Polluted / Contaminated; (j) very.
6. (a) small; (b) large; (c) mainly / basically; (d) throughout the year; (e) foreign; (f) natural; (g) to dig
out; (h) rapidly; (i) garment; (j) good.
7. (a) store-house; (b) coming; (c) Some / Several; (d) reading; (e) systematically; (f) of the students / of
the readers; (g) dictionaries / encyclopedias; (h) of academic categories; (i) card; (j) mainly/generally.
8. (a) running across the country; (b) Reckless; (c) well; (d) hardly / not; (e) public; (f) more; (g)
recklessly / desperately / inconsiderately; (h) not; (i) their; (j) very fast / very quickly / very
desperately / very speedily.
9. (a) widespread / great / popular; (b) present / current; (c) varied / various; (d) numerous; (e)
Television; (f) very / highly; (g) highly; (h) run / conducted; (i) several / some / many; (j) an
10. (a) famous / great / rebel / renowned; (b) almost / extensively / profusely; (c) our national poet / a
rebel poet; (d) his; (e) to inspire people; (f) very / highly; (g) greatly / vastly; (h) Bangla / Bengali; (i)
a; (j) throughout his life / in a loud voice.
11. (a) indiscriminately; (b) ecological / environmental; (c) to earn their livelihood / to earn money; (d)
sea / water; (e) being; (f) cutting; (g) cutting; (h) in an indiscriminate way / without any consideration
/ in an inconsiderate manner; (i) rising; (j) to stop deforestation.
12. (a) good / various; (b) to lead / to maintain; (c) balanced; (d) many; (e) easily / frequently; (f) our; (g)
same; (h) eating / taking; (i) to choose / to select / to combine / to prepare; (j) a.
13. (a) strongly / deeply; (b) notorious / ignoble; (c) Pakistan; (d) to blame / to condemn; (e) this / that; (f)
the mostly military ruled country; (g) so / very; (h) gradually / slowly; (i) very; (j) its.
14. (a) landless; (b) to work; (c) their; (d) working; (e) day; (f) to earn; (g) occasionally; (h) own; (i)
begging; (j) invalid.
15. (a) familiar / common; (b) usually / commonly; (c) skilled / qualified; (d) everyday / regularly; (e)
taking small money; (f) rich / wealth; (g) not / poorly; (h) critical / poor; (i) very / quite; (j) poor.
16. (a) an; (b) his; (c) well; (d) illiterate; (e) to remove; (f) Removing; (g) very; (h) five; (i) an ideal man;
(j) also.
17. (a) a school boy; (b) some / many; (c) prime/chief; (d) this; (e) his; (f) early; (g) regularly; (h) single;
(i) very; (j) bad.
18. (a) famous / great / renowned; (b) rich / solvent; (c) early; (d) first; (e) to attend; (f) professional; (g)
to get / to have / to find; (h) to listen to; (i) praising / admiring; (j) ultimately / forever.
19. (a) last year; (b) a local boy; (c) they; (d) sea; (e) along, (f) very, (g) Feeding / Entertaining; (h) very;
(i) to stay; (j) those.
20. (a) clever / cunning; (b) alone; (c) very; (d) to come; (e) significant / wonderful; (f) really / quite; (g)
attentively; (h) to cut off; (i) wise; (j) no.
21. (a) summer; (b) thirsty; (c) very; (d) down; (e) to drink water / to quench her thirst; (f) this / that; (g)
for a while; (h) Looking around / Roaming around the field; (i) instantly / immediately; (j) enough.
22. (a) our; (b) international; (c) global; (d) much / well; (e) the; (f) language; (g) your; (h) career; (i) in
the later part; (j) well / right now.
23. (a) liquid; (b) its; (c) other; (d) our; (e) impure / contaminated; (f) even; (g) unexpected / sudden; (h)
water; (i) build / standing; (j) Public / Social.
24. (a) a noble Muslim Moor / a brave warrior; (b) fierce; (c) highly; (d) who was very beautiful and
intelligent; (e) often; (f) enough; (g) hearing his adventure / listening to his stories; (h) much / great;
(i) finally / soon / ultimately; (j) to marry.
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25. (a) a great scholar; (b) human; (c) her: (d) to irritate; (e) One; (f) the; (g) outside; (h) door; (i) her; (j)
quietly.
26. (a) a king of Scotland; (b) his; (c) to regain his kingdom; (d) climbing to the ceiling; (e) the; (f) some;
(g) hard; (h) to see; (i) well; (j) that.
27. (a) The Rime of the Ancient Mariner / a ballad; (b) sea; (c) who didn't have any water to drink; (d)
drinking; (e) two; (f) our; (g) to access; (h) new; (i) one; (j) to worry.
28. (a) sustainable; (b) simply; (c) its; (d) proper; (e) to achieve; (f) yet; (g) to ensure; (h) growing /
numerous; (j) education.
29. (a) the great leader of Bengal; (b) famous / well-known; (c) One; (d) in his room; (e) the; (f) instantly;
(g) these; (h) His; (i) some; (j) very/ greatly.
30. (a) His name and fame; (b) a wise and wealthy king; (c) At last; (d) One day; (e) Besides; (f) very; (g)
To test the king; (h) In spite of trying hard; (i) At that time; (j) Observing this / Seeing them flying
over those flowers.
31. (a) all; (b) ecological; (c) really; (d) therefore; (e) our; (f) The; (g) many; (h) now; (i) author of
several books on wildlife; (j) these.
32. (a) modern; (b) to relieve; (c) worldwide / globally; (d) bitter; (e) usually; (f) gradually; (g) serious;
(h) Raising public awareness; (i) to get rid of; (j) severely.
33. (a) easy; (b) written; (c) soon / immediately; (d) also; (e) required; (f) To learn English; (g) long; (h)
proper / thorough; (i) nervous; (j) your.
34. (a) the king of France; (b) many; (c) wonderful / strange; (d) An; (e) such; (f) My; (g) this; (h) to see
my mother; (f) very; (j) all.
35. (a) small; (b) industrious; (c) hard; (d) rainy; (e) any; (f) other; (g) Instructive / Educative (h) their; (i)
every; (j) united.
36. (a) clever; (b) very; (c) to search; (d) to eat; (e) hanging; (f) to reach; (g) Taking; (h) to get at the
grapes; (i) Finding no way / Being failed; (j) sour.
37. (a) bravely; (b) basic / human; (c) peacefully; (d) hostile; (e) rudely; (f) Finding; (g) to strongly
support (h) allied; (i) independently; (j) proudly / highly.
38. (a) the first black president of South Africa; (b) the; (c) government; (d) all; (e) human; (f) their; (g)
cruelly; (h) great; (i) this; (j) fighting.
39. (a) good; (b) in the morning; (c) old; (d) fresh; (e) mentally; (f) to enjoy; (g) early; (h) quite; (i)
enough; (j) in the morning.
40. (a) poor; (b) very; (c) his; (d) down in the river; (e) sadly / helplessly; (f) his; (g) strange; (h) water;
(i) sitting / crying; (j) very.
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Prepared by
Md. Hasibul Hasan
University of Dhaka
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