 DECLINE OF P.

MODERNISM
 NEW CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
 NEW FACTORY MADE MATERIALS
 NEW CONCEPTS
 INTRODUCTION OF ARCHITECTURAL
ENGINEERING.
 Aesthetics was not the major concept of Hi-tech style.

 UNCOMPLICATED PLANS
 USE OF FACTORY PRODUCEDMATERIALS: Hi-tech style
rejects the use of natural materials like stone, brick and
timber.
 EXPOSED STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
 EXPOSED FREE STANDING STRUCTURES FOR

 AESTHETICS.
 VERY FUNCTIONAL BUILDINGS
 MECHENICAL DUCTS
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
 They included the prominent display of the
building's technical and functional components,
and an orderly arrangement and use of pre-
fabricated elements. Glass walls and steel
frames were also immensely popular.
 The large interior open space and the easy
access to all floors.
 The high-tech buildings make persistent use of
glass curtain walls and steel structure.
 Buildings designed in this style usually consist of
a clear glass facade, with the building's network
of support beams exposed behind it.
 MECHANICAL AESTHETICS
 LITTLE CONSIDRATION TO TRADITIONAL
SYMBOLIC FORMS
 HI- TECH STRUCTURES ARE A MISFIT IN
URBAN AREAS WITH CULTURAL HISTORY
 FASHIONABLE STYLE FOR
INTERIORS
 ARCHITECTURAL
MOVEMENT
 NORMAN FOSTER
 RICHARD ROGERS

IN MID 70’s
 NORMAN FOSTER
RICHARD ROGERS + RENZO PIANO
(Gave different direction to architecture.)
 MOST SUCCESSFUL ARCHITECTS OF 21st
CENTURY
 DESIGNED NUMBER OF GALLERIES,
MUSEUM, BRIDGES, CORPORATE
BUILDINGS, AIRPORTS ETC.
 SOFTER AND ORGANIC APPROACH
 INVESTIGATED POSSIBILITIES OF TIMBER,
BRICKS & PLYWOOD AND USED IN HI- TECH
STRUCTURES.
 GUNTER BEHNISCH
 NICHOLAS GRIMSHAW
 RAFAEL VINOLY
 Pompidou center, Paris
 Hong Kong & shanghai bank head quarter, Hong Kong
 Sainsbury center for visual arts, Norwich
 Stansted airport, London
 Lloyds building, London
 Hy-solar research building, Germany
 Ecological center project, England
 Tokyo international forum
 Jean-marie cultural center, new Caledonia
 Millennium dome, London
 Chep lap kok airport, Hong Kong
 Kansai international airport, Japan.
 Millennium park.
 The "Centre Georges Pompidou", or "Pompidou
Center", formerly "Centre Beaubourg". First Hi-
tech structure criticized because of the mechanical
look. This museum looked as an industry.
 The ventilation ducts are all shown on the outside.
This was a radical design, as previous ventilation
ducts would have been a component hidden on the
inside of the building.
 The means of access to the building is also on the
outside, with the large tube allowing visitors to
enter the building.
• Pre-fabricated.

• Functionally oriented.
 The headquarters of the Hong
Kong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation are reputed to have
the best feng shui around the
building as it enjoys Victoria
harbor views.
 Dramatic exoskeleton trusses,
interior atrium, escalator entry
through glazed atrium floor.
 Exterior trusses are expressed in
the form of giant steel 'coat
hangers'.
 The main characteristic of HSBC Hong Kong headquarters is its absence
of internal supporting structure.
 Another notable feature is that natural sunlight is the major source of
lighting inside the building. There is a bank of giant mirrors at the top
of the atrium, which can reflect natural sunlight into the atrium and
hence down into the plaza. Through the use of natural sunlight, this
design helps to conserve energy. Additionally, sun shades are provided
on the external facades to block direct sunlight going into the building
and to reduce heat gain. Instead of fresh water, sea water is used as
coolant for the air-conditioning system.
 All flooring is made from lightweight movable panels, under which lies
a comprehensive network of power, telecommunication, and air-
conditioning systems. This design was to allow equipment such as
computer terminals to be installed quickly and easily.
 The Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts is an art
gallery and museum located on the campus of
the University of East Anglia, Norwich, United
Kingdom. The building, which contains a
collection of world art, was one of the first
major public buildings to be designed by
the architect Norman Foster, completed in 1978.
 The building exemplifies Foster's early work of "a
regular structure embracing all functions within a
single, flexible enclosure, or 'universal space'"
where "the design is all about allowing for
change, internally and externally."
 An airport constructed by steel
frames, built on 1991.
 Expressed structure and exposed
services as ornamental order.
 -The building is noted for its multi-
storey, free-standing escalator array
within the atrium; the mechanisms
within are exposed and are
punctuated in yellow.
 -The external windows have triple
layered solar control glass with a
ventilated cavity enabling it to refract
back artificial light into the interior.
This helps to decrease the need for
light after sunset.
 -The atrium was influenced by Joseph
Paxton's Crystal Palace of 1851.
 A building was required to house two
institutes. One researched solar cells, the
other relatively low-cost techniques for
separating the elements of water. The
project offered a few opportunities for
genuine architecture: offices, some
laboratories, a storehouse, and ancillary
service rooms. These contrasts in use
offered some room for our own
experiments.
 A free equilibrium of equal priorities
resulted, much like a collage. Designed
and constructed in a very short period of
time, the idea of free equilibrium
provided an uninhibited source of
freshness and directness for the
architecture.
 The Eden Project is a visitor attraction
in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Inside
the artificial bio domes are plants that are
collected from all around the world.
 The complex is dominated by two huge
enclosures consisting of adjoining domes that
house thousands of plant species, and each
enclosure emulates a natural biome. The
domes consist of hundreds
of hexagonal and pentagonal, inflated, plastic
cells supported by steel frames.
 The Tokyo International Forum is a multi-
purpose center in Tokyo, Japan.
 One of its halls seats 5,000. In addition to
seven other halls, it includes exhibition space,
a lobby, restaurants, shops, and other
facilities.
 Designed by architect Rafael Viñoly and
completed in 1996, it features swooping
curves of steel truss and glass; the outside is
shaped like an elongated boat.
 An exhibition hall and
conference center
constructed of steel
frame, mega truss and
Glass curtain walls built
in 1996.
 The Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural
Centre on the narrow Tinu
Peninsula.
 It opened in June 1998 and was
designed by Italian architect Renzo
Piano and named after Jean-Marie
Tjibaou, the leader of the
independence movement who was
assassinated in 1989 and who had
a vision of establishing a cultural
centre which blended the linguistic
and artistic heritage of the Kanak
people.
 The building plans, spread over an area of
8,550 square metres (92,000 sq ft) of the
museum, were conceived to incorporate the
link between the landscape and the built
structures in the Kanak traditions.
 Another aspect of the Kanak's building
tradition was that it did not fit in with the
concept of a permanent building. They
lived in temporary type of buildings
made with locally available material
which needed to be replaced from time to
time in the subtropical climate. This
involved a wood frame building built
with roof covered by thatch.
 The entire complex has been built along a
250 metres (820 ft) long ridge of the
peninsula with a setting of great natural
beauty. The arrangement consists of 10
units called "cases," or hut pavilions,
arranged in three groups or village clusters
with one tall hut (the largest is 28 metres
high) in each cluster representing the
traditional "Great Hut" of the Kanak Chiefs.
 It was built on island
of chek lap kok.
 It was built as a
replacement of kai
tak airport.
 Designed by
Norman foster.
 Constuction
completed in 1998
 It is an international airport located on artificial island.
 A man made island was proposed. Engineers have to
overcome high risks of typhoons, earthquakes and storms.
 The sea wall was finished with rock and tetrahedral
concrete blocks.
 The new airport was planned with the theme of harmony
with nature, to achieve"a man-made island airport five
kilometers out to sea." Construction took seven and a half
years from the start of land reclamation work to the
airport's opening. Currently there is only one runway, but
as the new gateway to Japan's skies, there are grand plans
to ultimately extend it to three runways, transforming it
into an international hub airport .
KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT,
JAPAN
 Millennium Park is a public park located in
the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois,
US, and originally intended to celebrate the
millennium. It is a prominent civic center near
the city's Lake Michigan shoreline.
 Millennium Park has free admission, and
features the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Cloud Gate,
the Crown Fountain, the Lurie Garden, and
various other attractions. The park is connected
by the BP Pedestrian Bridge and the Nichols
Bridgeway to other parts of Grant Park.
 Example on High-tech Project.
 Sir Richard Rogers, London, England.
 An exposition hall constructed of fabric
enclosure and tensile support built in 1999
 The Millennium Dome referred to simply as The
Dome, is the original name of a large dome-shaped
building, originally used to house the Millennium
Experience, a major exhibition celebrating the
beginning of the third millennium. Located on
the Greenwich Peninsula in South East London
 The dome is one of the largest of its type in the
world. Externally, it appears as a large
white marquee with twelve 100 m-high yellow
support towers, one for each month of the year, or
each hour of the clock face.
 The architect was Richard Rogers.
 The canopy is made of PTFE-coated glass
fibre fabric, a durable and weather-resistant
plastic, and is 52 m high in the middle – one metre
for each week of the year. Its symmetry is
interrupted by a hole through which a ventilation
shaft from the Blackwall Tunnel rises.