Mechanical Drawing and Drafting Course Code: 1316501

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU)

Competency-focused Outcome-based Green Curriculum-2021 (COGC-2021)

Semester-I

Course Title: Mechanical Drawing and Drafting

(Course Code: 1316501)

Diploma programme in which this course is offered Semester in which

offered
Mechanical Engineering (CAD CAM) First

1. RATIONALE
Mechanical drawing and drafting is a way of communication for engineers. It is a graphical
language that essential for communicating design ideas and technical information to
engineers in industry and other professionals throughout the design process. The purpose of
a mechanical drawing and drafting is to clearly and accurately capture all geometric features
of a product or component so that a manufacturer or engineer can produce the required item.
This course aims at development of fundamental understanding and application of drawing
and drafting so as to develop the ability to prepare, read and interpret drawings correctly and
make aware of drafting practices, symbols, codes, norms and standards generally used in
industries. It covers knowledge & application of drawing instruments & also familiarizes the
learner about codified symbols and principles of technical drawing as per BIS (Bureau of Indian
Standards) and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) standards.

2. COMPETENCY
The purpose of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry identified
competency through various teaching learning experiences:
 Draw various mechanical component using codes, norms and standards.
 Interpret basic engineering drawings for various planning, manufacturing activities
and inspection.

3. COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

The practical exercises, the underpinning knowledge and the relevant soft skills associated
with the identified competency are to be developed in the student for the achievement of the
following COs:
a) Use scales, drawing standards and drafting instruments as per BIS codes.
b) Construct engineering curves as per given dimensions.
c) Draw orthographic and sectional orthographic views from isometric views of simple
objects and vice versa.
d) Apply Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) to machine parts in a manner
that complies with the ASME Y14.5-2009 standard.
e) Prepare assembly and detail drawing of various mechanical components.

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Mechanical Drawing and Drafting Course Code: 1316501

4. TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME

Teaching Scheme Total Credits Examination Scheme
(In Hours) (L+T+P/2) Theory Marks Practical Marks Total
L T P C CA ESE CA ESE Marks
3 0 4 5 30* 70 25 25 150
(*): Out of 30 marks under the theory CA, 10 marks are for assessment of the micro-project to
facilitate integration of COs and the remaining 20 marks is the average of 2 tests to be taken
during the semester for the assessing the attainment of the cognitive domain UOs required for
the attainment of the COs.
Legends: L-Lecture; T – Tutorial/Teacher Guided Theory Practice; P -Practical; C – Credit, CA -
Continuous Assessment; ESE -End Semester Examination.

5. SUGGESTED PRACTICAL EXERCISES

The following practical outcomes (PrOs) are the sub-components of the COs. These PrOs need
to be attained to achieve COs.
Approx.
Sheet Unit
Practical Outcomes (PrOs) Hrs.
No. No.
Required
Use of Drawing Instruments:
Draw following as per I.S.
1a. Draw different types of lines.
1b. Draw simple drawing using various dimensioning systems.
1 1c. Illustrate dimensioning of circle, arc, angle, square bar, I & II 06
hexagonal bar, cylinder & sphere through figures.
1d. Draw 1st and 3rd angle orthographic projection symbols.
1e. Draw a typical Title block.
1f. Draw simple objects using reduced and enlarged scales.
Engineering Curves (Conic Sections):
2a. Construct ellipse using concentric circle method, four center
method, arc of circle method, rectangle method, oblong
method and eccentricity method. (four problems)
2 2b. Construct parabola using rectangular method, III 06
parallelogram method, tangent method and eccentricity
method. (two problems)
2c. Construct hyperbola using rectangular method, oblique
method and eccentricity method. (two problems)
Surface Development:
3 IV 06
Draw development of surface - 8 problems
Orthographic Projections and sectional views:
Draw Orthographic projections and sectional views of different
4 V 08
objects (three views of each object) (Four problems one view of
each problem must be sectional view).
5 Isometric Projections: VI 08

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Mechanical Drawing and Drafting Course Code: 1316501

Approx.
Sheet Unit
Practical Outcomes (PrOs) Hrs.
No. No.
Required
Draw isometric drawing from given orthographic views. (8
problems). 4 problems should be L, I, T and C sections.
Details:
6 Draw the details of all parts for the assembly assigned and IX 8
sketched as student activity. (One problem)
Assembly:
Draw the assembly of all parts assigned by faculty. This includes
7 IX 8
minimum one sectional view and also prepare BOM. (One
problem)
Production Drawing:
Draw the production drawing of simple machine components
8 assigned by faculty. This includes Geometric & Dimensional VIII 6
Tolerances (GD&T), Surface Roughness Symbols, Open
Dimensional Tolerances, Notes, etc., (One problem)
Mechanical Symbols (Prepare only in sketch book)
Draw following symbols & its interpretation:
Drafting Symbols (Machining, threading, dowels, pins, ribs,
bearings, heat treatment conditions, surface conditions,
9 assembly notes), VII -
Welding Symbols (as per BIS-813 / ASME, primary symbols &
supplementary symbols),
Piping Symbols (Pipe line symbol as per passing fluid, air, gas,
water etc. and Piping fitting symbols.)
Total 56

Note
i. Note: The teacher should demonstrate –
 Use of drawing instruments.
 Planning and layout of drawing sheet as per IS code.
 Scaling technique.
ii. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the respective course teacher to
develop the industry relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a
suggestive list.
iii. Teachers should encourage students for optimum use of drawing sheet space. Further,
instruct them to use both sides of a drawing sheet. For example, draw sheet number 2 on
back side of sheet number 1, 4 on back of 3, and likewise.
iv. First angle orthographic projection and IS codes (Engineering Drawing Practices for School
and Colleges SP 46:2003) should be followed wherever applicable.
v. The dimensions of line, axes, distances, angle, side of polygon, diameter, etc. must be varied
for each student in batch so that each student will have same problems, but with different
dimensions.

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vi. The sketchbook should contain data related to all problems, solutions of all problems and
student activities performed. Students’ activities are compulsory to be performed.
vii. A hand out containing applicable standards from IS codes including title block as per IS
standard should be given to each student by concerned teacher.
viii. For 25 marks Practical Marks ESE, students are to be assessed for competencies achieved.
Students are to be given data for practical ESE to prepare drawings.

The following are some sample ‘Process’ and ‘Product’ related skills (more may be
added/deleted depending on the course) that occur in the above listed Practical Exercises of
this course required which are embedded in the COs and ultimately the competency.

Sr. Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOs Weightage %

1 Drawing planning, layout and scale (for optimum use of drawing 20
sheet)
2 Use of appropriate instruments, lines, dimensioning & annotations 30
3 Accuracy and Neatness of drawing 15
4 Timely submission of completed drawing sheet 15
5 Answering viva voce questions 20
Total 100

6. MAJOR EQUIPMENT/ INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED

These major equipment with broad specifications for the PrOs is a guide to procure them by
the administrators to user in uniformity of practicals in all institutions across the state.

Sr. Equipment Name with Broad Specifications PrO. No.

1. Drawing instruments for class room teaching (Large Size). 1 to 9
2. Models of various objects 3,4,5,6,7
3. Drawing Board (B2) & Mini Drafter. All
4. Other Instruments: T-Square, Set square (45˚ and 30˚-60˚), Roller Scale, All
Protector, Drawing Compass, Dividers, Drawing Pencils (Clutch Pencil
with H & 2H Lead), Lead Box (H & 2H – 0.5 or 0.7 mm) Circle Master,
French Curves, Stencils (8-6-4 mm, All in One), Eraser, Drawing sheets,
Drawing Pins/Clips, Sheet Container and Drawing instrument box.
5. Set of various drawings being used by industries/developed by 6,7,8
experienced teachers.
6. Interactive board with LCD overhead projector All

7. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OUTCOMES

The following sample Affective Domain Outcomes (ADOs) are embedded in many of the
above-mentioned COs and PrOs. More could be added to fulfill the development of this course
competency.

a) Work as a leader/a team member.

b) Follow safety practices
c) Follow ethical practices.

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d) Maintain cleanliness
e) Practice environment friendly methods and processes. (Environment related)
The ADOs are best developed through the laboratory/field based exercises. Moreover, the level
of achievement of the ADOs according to Krathwohl’s ‘Affective Domain Taxonomy’ should
gradually increase as planned below:
i. ‘Valuing Level’ in 1st year
ii. ‘Organization Level’ in 2nd year.
iii. ‘Characterization Level’ in 3rd year.

8. UNDERPINNING THEORY
The major underpinning theory is given below based on the higher level UOs of Revised
Bloom’s taxonomy that are formulated for development of the COs and competency. If
required, more such UOs could be included by the course teacher to focus on attainment of
COs and competency.
Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics
(4 to 6 UOs at different
levels)
Unit – I 1a. Use of drawing 1.1 Drawing instruments and materials.
instruments effectively.  Instruments-types, specifications,
Engineering 1b. Follow and apply method to use them and applications.
Drawing
standard practice as per  Pencils-grades, papers-grades,
Aids, applications, types of points and
Planning B.I.S. for planning and
applications.
Layout and layout.  Other materials-types and applications.
Scaling of 1c. Choose appropriate 1.2 I.S. cods for planning and layout.
Drawing scale factor for the
drawing as per the given
situation.
Unit – II 2a. Write annotations 2.1 Different types of lines.
on the given drawing 2.2 Lettering.
Lines, where ever necessary. 2.3 Dimensioning methods.
Lettering and 2b. Choose appropriate  Aligned and unidirectional
Dimensioning line and dimensioning  Unilateral with chain, parallel,
style for given entity. progressive and combined
dimensioning.
Unit-III 3a. Draw engineering 3.1 Conic sections.
curves with proficiency a) Concept and understanding of focus,
Engineering as per given dimensions. directrix, vertex and eccentricity and drawing
Curves of conic sections.
b) Using various methods, understand
construction and application of :
 Ellipse
 Parabola
 Hyperbola

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Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics

(4 to 6 UOs at different
levels)
Unit-IV Develop the lateral 4.1 Types and dimensional specifications of
surface of given Solid. solids (prism, pyramid, cylinder and cone)
Development (only initial position of solid without any
of Surface inclination with HP and VP).
4.2 Introduction to cutting planes / section
planes, positions of the cutting plane
(HCP, VCP, PCP, AVP &AIP) w.r.t solids. (no
need to draw sectional view)
4.3 Development of surfaces of solids
- Prism and pyramid
- Cylinder & Cone
Unit-V 5a. Draw the 5.1 Types of projections-orthographic,
orthographic views of perspective, isometric and oblique: concept
Orthographic objects containing lines, and applications.
Projection circles and arc 5.2 Various term associated with
and sectional geometry. orthographic projections.
views  Theory of projection.
5b. Interpret given  Methods of projection.
orthographic views to  Orthographic projection.
imagine the shape of the  Planes of projection.
component. 5.3 Need of sections, section lines &cutting
plane, rules for sectioning and section lines
5c. Draw sectional 5.4 Types and application of sections- full,
orthographic views of an half, revolved, removed, partial, off-set,
object. aligned, etc.
5.5 Conversion of simple pictorial views into
5d. Interpretation of Orthographic and sectional views. Illustrative
sectional orthographic problems on orthographic projection.
views. 5.6 B.I.S. code of practice.
Unit-VI Draw the isometric view 6.1 Isometric axis, lines and planes.
from orthographic views 6.2 Isometric scales, isometric projection
Isometric of object/s containing and isometric drawing.
Projection lines, circles, arcs and 6.3 Simple shapes like L-section, I-section, T-
slant surfaces. section, C-section, etc.
6.5 Illustrative problems limited to objects
Containing lines, circles and arcs shape only.
Unit-VII Use & interpret 7.1 Machining symbol, Roughness symbol,
mechanical drafting Grade Number, Roughness value
Mechanical symbols. 7.2 Drafting and Geometric symbol, Welding
Drafting Symbols (as per BIS-813 / ASME, primary
Symbols symbols & supplementary symbols.)
7.3 Piping Symbols (Pipe line symbol as per
passing fluid, air, gas, water etc. and
Piping fitting symbols.)

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Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics

(4 to 6 UOs at different
levels)
7.4 Demonstration of above symbol in
production drawing.
Unit-VIII Use & interpret 8.1 Difference between dimensional
Geometric & tolerance & geometric tolerance. Limits &
System of Dimensioning Fits–Introduction, need & applications.
Geometric
Tolerances (GD&T) in 8.2 Abbreviations & designations for shaft,
Dimensioning
and production drawing. holes and grades, determinations of
Tolerancing deviation, limit, tolerance and fits, shaft basis
(GD&T) and hole basis system & selection of shaft &
hole pair as per standard tolerance of grades.
8.3 Selection of appropriate shaft / hole for a
given condition, calculation of tolerances &
deviations for a fit according to application of
mating parts.
8.4 Geometric Tolerances – Introduction,
symbols, representation, meaning of each
element of tolerance frame and application in
industrial drawing.
(Faculty should demonstrate & discuss
moderate production drawing for better
understanding of topic)
Unit-IX 9a. Prepare and 9.1 Importance and difference of these
interpret detail and drawings.
Details & assembly drawing. 9.2 Detail drawing from given assembly.
Assembly
9b. Workout bill of 9.3 Assembly drawings from given details
material (BOM) from a and prepare BOM.
given drawing.

9. SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION TABLE FOR QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

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Unit Unit Title Teachin Distribution of Theory Marks

No. g Hours R U A Total
Level Level Level Marks
I Engineering drawing aids, planning, 00 04 00 02 06
layout and scaling of drawing
II Lines, lettering and dimensioning 00 02 02 00 04
III Engineering curves 06 02 00 04 06
IV Development of Surfaces 06 00 02 06 08
V Orthographic projections and 08 00 02 08 10
sectional views
VI Isometric projections 08 00 02 08 10
VII Mechanical symbols 04 04 04 00 08
VIII System of Geometric Dimensioning 04 00 04 04 08
and Tolerancing (GD&T)
IX Details & assembly 06 02 00 08 10
Total 42 14 16 40 70
Legends: R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Revised Bloom’s taxonomy)

Note: This specification table provides general guidelines to assist students for their learning
and to teachers to teach and question paper designers/setters to formulate test
items/questions to assess the attainment of the UOs. The actual distribution of marks at
different taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in the question paper may slightly vary from above
table.

10. SUGGESTED STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Other than the classroom and laboratory learning, following are the suggested student-
related co-curricular activities which can be undertaken to accelerate the attainment of the
various outcomes in this course: Students should perform following activities. They should
also collect/record physical evidences for their (student’s) portfolio which may be useful for
their placement interviews:
a) Solve all problems for all sheets number 1 to 8 in sketch book (with complete data and
dimensions).
b) Take two simple objects in your vicinity and sketch 3D isometric of them. Also draw 2D
orthographic projections of them (all views). Try to clearly and accurately capture all
the geometric features present in the selected objects.
c) Take a visit of manufacturing industry and prepare production drawing of simple part
manufactured by that industry.
d) List out different weld joints carried out in fabrication industry.
e) Download soft copy of technical drawing of any engineering products. Read and
interpret this drawing (e.g. connecting rod, piston, pulley etc.).
f) Explain at least one problem for construction and method of drawing in sheet to all
batch colleagues. Teacher will assign the problem of particular sheet to be explained
to each batch student.
g) Each student will assess at least one sheet of other students (May be a group of 5-6
students identified by teacher can be taken) and will note down the mistakes

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committed by them. Student will also guide the students for correcting the mistakes,
if any.

11. SUGGESTED SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES (if any)

These are sample strategies, which the teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the
various outcomes in this course:
a) Massive open online courses (MOOCs) may be used to teach various topics/sub topics.
b) Guide student(s) in undertaking micro-projects.
c) ‘L’ in section No. 4 means different types of teaching methods that are to be employed
by teachers to develop the outcomes.
d) About 20% of the topics/sub-topics which are relatively simpler or descriptive in
nature is to be given to the students for self-learning, but to be assessed using
different assessment methods.
e) With respect to section No.10, teachers need to ensure to create opportunities and
provisions for co-curricular activities.
f) Guide students for using BIS “SP 46:2003”, ASME Y14.3-2003 & ASME Y14.5-2009
standard.

12. SUGGESTED MICRO-PROJECTS

Only one micro-project is planned to be undertaken by a student that needs to be assigned to
him/her in the beginning of the semester. In the first four semesters, the micro-projects are
group-based (group of 3 to 5). However, in the fifth and sixth semesters, the number of
students in the group should not exceed three.
The micro-project could be industry application based, internet-based, workshop-based,
laboratory-based or field-based. Each micro-project should encompass two or more COs
which are in fact, an integration of PrOs, UOs and ADOs. Each student will have to maintain
dated work diary consisting of individual contribution in the project work and give a seminar
presentation of it before submission. The duration of the micro project should be about 14-
16 (fourteen to sixteen) student engagement hours during the course. The students ought to
submit micro-project by the end of the semester to develop the industry-oriented COs.
A suggestive list of micro-projects is given here. This has to match the competency and the
COs. Similar micro-projects could be added by the concerned course teacher:
a) Make a poster presentation on exploded view of mechanical components.
b) Take a simple assembly of 3 to 4 parts and prepare its assembly and detail drawing.
c) Model Making: Students should build 3D model of various object as per shape and
dimension from thermocol, hardboard scrap, wooden scrap, plastic or metal scrap.
d) World of work connect: Students should collect Production drawings from nearby
workshops/industries and try to
 redraw types of lines used
 redraw lettering styles used
 list ASME code referred
 list the symbols/annotations/dimensioning used

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Mechanical Drawing and Drafting Course Code: 1316501

 list the type of scales used. Compare the size of component on drawing sheet with
actual component.
 Redraw the 2D entities

13. SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES

Sr. Title of Book Author Publication with place, year & ISBN
1 Engineering Drawing N.D. Bhatt Charotar Publishing House;Anand,
2014. ISBN : 9789380358963
2 Engineering Drawing M.B. Shah, B.C. Pearsons. 2009 ISBN: 9788131759714
Rana
3 SP 46-2003 - Bureau of Indian Standards; Old
Delhi, 2003 ISBN-10: 8170610192
4 Textbook of Engineering P.J. Shah S.Chand, New Delhi. 2013
Drawing ISBN : 9788121941822
5 Textbook of Engineering R K Dhawan S.Chand, New Delhi. 2013
Drawing ISBN : 9789352837373
6 Machine Drawing N.D. Bhatt Charotar Publishing House;Anand,
2014 ISBN-13: 9789385039232
7 Machine Drawing P.J. Shah S.Chand; New Delhi, 2013
ISBN-13: 9788121929660
8 Geometric Dimensioning Gene R. Cogorno McGraw Hill; Noida,2011
& Tolerancing for ISBN-13: 9780071772129
Mechanical Design
9 Westermann Tables for Jutz Hermann New Age International Pvt. Ltd.;
the Metal Trade Hyderabad, 2018 ISBN-13:
9788122417302
10 BIS IS 696 - 1972 - -
BIS 919 (Part 1 and 2):
1993

14. SOFTWARE/LEARNING WEBSITES

Unit Software/Learning Websites

1.1 Drawing equipments, instruments and materials https://youtu.be/MT1T31GtGpg
2.1 Types of lines, systems of dimensioning, scale https://youtu.be/nUD4SBtu0GA
3.1 Conic sections : Ellipse https://youtu.be/hG38kPDN2fU
Ellipse by Four center method https://youtu.be/YX_vqD83uhI
Draw Parabola https://youtu.be/dn3-9N_lzEo
Draw Hyperbola https://youtu.be/QEpS0QBwoas
Directrics method to draw conic curves https://youtu.be/aBk_DSToBbI
4.1 Development of surfaces Part 1 https://youtu.be/EVTrZ-ApC7g
4.2 Development of surfaces Part 2 https://youtu.be/a5C_VPEkUtI
5.1 Orthographic projections https://youtu.be/55mR97uzjys
5.4 Sectional views https://youtu.be/5bkG-LTb6-s

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6 Isometric view from orthographic views https://youtu.be/trJQIvatIpI

7.1 Mechanical drafting symbols https://youtu.be/KdeeZeKO7ko
7.2 Drafting, geometric and welding symbol https://youtu.be/H4koN4WSRSM
7.3 Piping symbols https://youtu.be/euySmmCnzpA

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/103/112103019/
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/105/112105294/
1
https://www.youtube.com/c/MechanicalEnggSubjectsGTU/playlists
to 9
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5Rqb_WO7qVy2-6FluBrQcJh__rXvyOxe
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5Rqb_WO7qVxzROfyk2EusQDokGkLXVax
Study following QR codes:

15. PO-COMPETENCY-CO MAPPING

Semester I Mechanical Drawing and Drafting (Course Code: 1316501)
POs
Competency PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
& Course Outcomes Basic & Problem Design/ Engineering Engineering Project Life-long
Disciplin Analysis develop- Tools, practices for Manage- learning
e specific ment of Experimen- society, ment
knowled solutions tation & sustainability &
ge Testing environment
Competency

Course Outcomes
CO 1)Use scales, drawing
standards and
3 - 2 3 - - 2
drafting instruments
as per BIS codes.

CO 2)Construct engineering
curves as per given 3 - 3 2 2 - 2
dimensions.

CO 3)Draw orthographic
and sectional
orthographic views
from isometric views 3 2 3 2 2 2 2
of simple objects and
vice versa.

CO 4)Apply Geometric
Dimensioning and
Tolerancing
techniques to
2 3 2 3 2 2 3
machine parts in a
manner that complys
with the ASME Y14.5-
2009 standard.

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CO 5)Prepare assembly and

detail drawing of
2 2 2 2 2 - 2
various mechanical
components.
Legend: ‘3’ for high, ‘2’ for medium, ‘1’ for low and ‘-’ for no correlation of each CO with PO.

16. COURSE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Sr.
Name and Designation Institute Contact No. Email
No.
1. Dr. H. R. Sapramer Dr. J. N. Mehta 9426587197 merhamir@gmail
Head of Mech. Dept. Polytechnic, Amreli .com
2. Dr. Sunil S. Sonigra, Government Polytechnic, 9427322129 sssonigra@gmail.
Lecturer in Mech. Engg. Jamnagar com
3. Prof. Dipak A. Solanki, Government Polytechnic, 9016221933 dipak.solanki.gp
Lecturer in Mech. Engg. Porbandar @gmail.com

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