NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF AN INFINITE CYLINDER WITH PLANE STRAIN

Revision C

By Tom Irvine
Email: [email protected]

January 17, 2008

Variables

u is the axial displacement

v is the tangential displacement
w is the radial displacement
E is the modulus of elasticity
R is the radius
ρ is the mass/volume
ν is the Poisson ratio
c is the speed of sound in the material
t is time
h is the wall thickness
ω is the excitation frequency
ωn is the natural frequency (radian/sec)
n is an index, n=0,1,2,…
k is a nondimensional thickness factor
Ω is a nondimensional frequency factor
B Eigenvector scale factor
C Eigenvector scale factor

1
Figure 1. Cylinder Diagram

The three translation variables are

u=0 (1)

v = v(θ) (2)

w = w (θ) (3)

There are two coupled equations of motion, taken from Reference 1.

ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2 2
∂ 2v ∂w ⎝ ⎠ ∂ v
+ = (4)
∂ θ2 ∂θ E ∂ t2

⎡ ⎛ 2 ⎞2 ⎤ ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2 2
∂v ⎢ ∂ ⎥
⎟ w = ⎝ ⎠ ∂ w
+ ⎢ 1 + k ⎜1 + ⎥ (5)
∂θ ⎜ 2⎟
⎢⎣ ⎝ ∂θ ⎠ ⎥⎦
E ∂ t2

2
where

h2
k= (6)
12 R 2

Equations (4) and (5) together model both the bending and membrane response.

⎡ ⎛ ∂4 2 ⎞⎤ ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2 2
∂v ∂ ∂ w
+ ⎢ 1 + k⎜ +2 + 1⎟ ⎥ w = ⎝ ⎠ (7)
∂θ ⎢ ⎜ 4 ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ ∂θ ∂θ2 ⎠⎦
E ∂ t2

⎡ ⎛ ∂ 4w ⎞ ⎤ ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2 2
∂v ∂ 2w ⎝ ⎠ ∂ w
+⎢ k⎜ +2 + w⎟ + w ⎥ = (8)
∂θ ⎢ ⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ∂θ ∂θ2 ⎠ ⎦
E ∂ t2

⎡ ∂ 4w ⎤ ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2 2
∂v ∂ 2w ⎝ ⎠ ∂ w
+⎢k + 2k + w (k + 1) ⎥ = (9)
∂θ ⎢⎣ ∂θ4 ∂θ2 ⎥⎦ E ∂ t2

Assume that the tangential displacement is

v = B sin (nθ) cos(ωt ) (10)

∂v
= n B cos (nθ) cos(ωt ) (11)
∂θ

∂ 2v
= − n 2 B sin (nθ) cos(ωt ) (12)
∂θ 2

3
 ∂v
= −ωB sin (nθ) sin(ωt ) (13)
∂t

∂ 2v
= −ω2B sin (nθ) cos(ωt ) (14)
∂t2

Assume that the radial displacement is

w = C cos (nθ) cos(ωt ) (15)

∂
w = −n C sin (nθ) cos(ωt ) (16)
∂θ

∂2
w = − n 2C cos (nθ) cos(ωt ) (17)
∂θ2

∂3
w = n 3C sin (nθ) cos(ωt ) (18)
∂θ3

∂4
w = n 4C cos (nθ) cos(ωt ) (19)
∂θ4

∂
w = −ωC cos (nθ) sin(ωt ) (20)
∂t

∂2
w = −ω2C cos (nθ) cos(ωt ) (21)
∂ t2

4
Substitute the assumed solutions into equation (4).

ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2
− n 2 B sin (nθ) cos(ωt ) − n C sin (nθ) cos(ωt ) = − ⎝ ⎠ ω2B sin (nθ) cos(ωt )
E

(22)

ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2
− n2 B − n C = − ⎝ ⎠ ω2B (23)
E

⎡ ω2 ρ ⎛1 − ν 2 ⎞ R 2 ⎤
⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ 2
−n ⎥ B − nC = 0
⎢ (24)
⎢ E ⎥
⎣ ⎦

Let
⎡ ω2 ρ ⎛1 − ν 2 ⎞ R 2 ⎤
⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
Ω2 = ⎢ ⎝ ⎠
⎥ (25)
⎢ E ⎥
⎣ ⎦

⎡Ω 2 − n 2 ⎤ B − n C = 0 (26)
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

⎡n 2 − Ω 2 ⎤ B + n C = 0 (27)
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

5
Substitute the assumed solutions into equation (5).

n B cos (nθ) cos(ωt ) + n 4 k C cos (nθ) cos(ωt )

− 2n 2 k C cos (nθ) cos(ωt ) + (k + 1)C cos (nθ) cos(ωt )

ω2ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2
= ⎝ ⎠ C cos (nθ) cos(ωt )
E

(28)

ω2 ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2
n B + n 4k C − 2n 2k C + (k + 1)C = ⎝ ⎠ C (29)
E

⎡ ω2 ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ R 2 ⎤⎥
⎢ 4 ⎝ ⎠
n B + ⎢n k − 2n 2k + (k + 1) − ⎥C = 0 (30)
⎢ E ⎥
⎣ ⎦

n B + ⎡n 4k − 2n 2k + k + 1 − Ω 2 ⎤ C = 0 (31)
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

⎡ ⎛⎜ n 2 − Ω 2 ⎞⎟ ⎤
⎢ ⎝ ⎠
n ⎥ ⎡ B⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ n n 4k − 2n 2k + k + 1 − Ω 2 ⎥ ⎢⎣C⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0⎥⎦
⎣ ⎦
(32)

6
⎡⎛ 2 ⎤
⎢⎜ n − Ω ⎞⎟
2 n ⎥ ⎡ B⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢C ⎥ ⎢0 ⎥
⎢ n 1 + k ⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ − Ω 2 ⎥ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
(33)

⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ 1 + k⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ − Ω 2 ⎟⎛⎜ n 2 − Ω 2 ⎞⎟ − n 2 = 0 (34)
⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎠

For n = 0,

⎛⎜1 + k − Ω 2 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ − Ω 2 ⎞⎟ = 0 (35)
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠

Ω 2 = 0 or Ω 2 = 1 + k (36)

For n = 1,

⎛⎜ 1 − Ω 2 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜1 − Ω 2 ⎞⎟ − 1 = 0 (37)
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

Ω4 − 2 Ω2 + 1 − 1 = 0 (38)

Ω4 − 2 Ω2 = 0 (39)

Ω 2 ⎛⎜ Ω 2 − 2 ⎞⎟ = 0 (40)
⎝ ⎠

Ω 2 = 0 or Ω2 = 2 (41)

7
For n > 1,

⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ 1 + k⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ − Ω2 ⎟⎛⎜ n 2 − Ω 2 ⎞⎟ − n 2 = 0 (42)
⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎠

⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2 ⎞
Ω 4 − ⎜ 1 + n 2 + k⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟Ω + n 2 ⎜ 1 + k⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟ − n2 = 0 (43)
⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟ ⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 2
Ω 4 − ⎜ 1 + n 2 + k ⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟Ω + k n 2 ⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ = 0 (44)
⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎠

⎡ 2 ⎤
⎢ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 ⎥
1
Ω2 = ⎢ ⎜ 1 + n 2 + k⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟± ⎜ 1 + n 2 + k⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟ − 4k n 2 ⎛⎜1 − n 2 ⎞⎟
2⎢ ⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟ ⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦

(45)

Mode Shapes

The root Ω 2 = 0 for n = 0 corresponds to rigid-body torsional rotation of the shell,

per Reference 1.

The root Ω 2 > 0 for n = 0 has the following mode shape with pure radial motion

V (θ) = 0 (tangential) (46)

W (θ) = C (radial) (47)

C is an arbitrary scale factor.

8
The mode shapes for n>1 can be represented as

V (θ) = B sin (nθ) (tangential) (48)

− ⎛⎜ n 2 − Ω 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
W (θ) = B cos (nθ) (radial) (49)
n

B is an arbitrary scale factor.

Comparison with Ring Mode

Again, the first extension mode is

Ω2 = 1 + k (50)

Ω = 1+ k (51)

h2
Ω= 1+ (52)
12 R 2

ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ = h2
ωR 1+ (53)
E 12 R 2

1 E h2
ω= 1+ (54)
R ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ 12 R 2
⎝ ⎠

9
 1 E h2
f cyl = 1+ (55)
π d ρ ⎛⎜1 − ν 2 ⎞⎟ 12 R 2
⎝ ⎠

In comparison, the ring frequency is

1 E
fr = (56)
πd ρ

The infinite cylinder’s first extensional mode is about 6% higher than the ring frequency
due to the Poisson effect. This assumes a practical cylinder where the radius is much
larger than the thickness.

References

1. Leissa, Vibration of Shells, NASA SP-288, Washington, D.C., 1973. (See section
2.2).

2. T. Irvine, Ring Vibration Modes, Revision A, Vibrationdata, 2004.

10
 APPENDIX A

Example

Consider an infinitely long cylinder with the following properties:

Radius 19 inch
Skin Thickness 0.080 inch
Skin Material Titanium
Speed of Sound 194,650 in/sec
Mass Density ρ 0.16 lbm/in^3
Elastic Modulus E 1.57e+07 lbf/in^2
Poisson Ratio 0.33

Note that: 386.04 lbm = 1 lbf sec^2/in

The equivalent mass density is ρ = 0.00041446 lbf sec^2/in^4.

Note that

E 1.57e + 07 lbf/in^2
c = = = 194,650 in/sec (A-1)
ρ 0.00041446 lbf sec^2/in^4

Thus,

E
= 3.79E+10 (in/sec)^2 (A-2)
ρ

Furthermore,

k=
h2
=
(0.080 inch )2 = 1.48E - 06 (A-3)
12 R 2 12 (19 inch )2

The natural frequencies are calculated using equations (25), (36) and (45). The natural
frequencies are shown in the table on the next page. Diagrams of selected mode shapes
are given after the table.

11
The complete set of frequencies was calculated via a computer program. There are two
frequencies per n value.

Lower Upper
n
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
0 0 1727

1 0 2442

2 5.63 3862

3 15.9 5461

4 30.6 7121

5 49.4 8806

6 72.5 10505

7 99.7 12212

8 131 13923

9 167 15638

10 207 17356

11 251 19075

12 299 20796

13 352 22517

14 408 24239

15 469 25962

16 534 27686

17 604 29409

18 677 31134

19 755 32858

20 836 34583

The dashed line is the undeformed cylinder cross-section in each of the following figures.
The solid line is the mode shape.

12
Figure A-1. n=1, Freq = 0 Hz, Rigid-body Motion

13
Figure A-2. n=2, Freq = 5.63 Hz, Flexural Mode

14
Figure A-3. n=3, Freq = 15.9 Hz, Flexural Mode

15
Figure A-4. n=4, Freq = 30.6 Hz, Flexural Mode

16
Figure A-5. n=5, Freq = 30.6 Hz, Flexural Mode

17
Figure A-6. n=6, Freq = 49.4 Hz, Flexural Mode

18
Figure A-7. n=0, Freq = 1727 Hz, Extension Mode

19
Figure A-8. n=1, Freq = 2442 Hz, Extension Mode

20