Lab6 Report
Lab6 Report
PRINCIPLE OF EE II LABORATORY
[EE056IU – GROUP 2]
Lab 6
Frequency Response of Filters
Submitted by
Huỳnh Bảo Châu – EEACIU18011
Trương Hoàng Bảo Long - EEEEIU18060
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- If the value of quality factor is greater than ten then the pass band is narrow and
bandwidth of the pass band is also less. This band pass filter is called as Narrow Band Pass
Filter.
- It uses only one active component (op-amp) rather than two and this op-amp is in
inverting configuration. In this filter the gain of the op-amp is maximum at centre frequency fc.
Figure 1
Figure 2
- By considering the below active filter circuit, let us consider the changed resistor value as
R3′and the changed cut-off frequency value as fc′, then we can equate for the new resistor value
as follows:
Figure 3
- It consists of two feedback paths, because of this multiple feedback paths it is also
referred as ‘Multiple feedback band pass circuit’. This circuit produce an infinity gain multiple
feedback band pass filter. Due to this circuit the quality factor value increases maximum up to
20.
- fc = 1/√(R1R2C1C2)
- Q = fc/Bandwidth = (½){√[R2/R1]}
- Amax = -R2/2R1
- R1 = Q/{2πfcCAmax}
- R2 = Q/πfcC
- R3 = Q/{2πfcC(2Q² – Amax)}
- The gain at the centre frequency ‘Amax’ must be less than 2Q². That is,
- Where,
- It has two centre frequencies, one is of high pass filter and the other is of low pass filter.
The centre frequency of the high pass filter must be lower than the centre frequency of the low
pass filter.
- The centre frequency of band pass filter is the geometric mean of lower and upper cut-off
frequencies fr2 = fH * fL.
- The gain of the filter is 20 log (Vout/Vin) dB/Decade. The amplitude response is similar
to the responses of the low pass and high pass filter. Depending upon the cascading filter order
the response curve depends.
- The normalized mid frequency is given as fr = 1. Let us consider two cut-off frequencies
as 300 Hz and 900Hz, then, the bandwidth of the filter is 300 Hz -900 Hz = 600 Hz.
Band stop filter
filter, and can be created by using the same input at a high pass and a LPF.
Experimental Procedure
Figure 5
Experimental Results
Band Pass Filter
- The table bellows show the result of experiment 1:
Table 1
Frequency Experiment Simulated
(Hz) Amplitude Phase (oC) Amplitude Phase
(Vout/Vin) (Vout/Vin)
- The pictures below was from the Multism – describe the Vout graph
Table 2
Frequency Experiment Simulated
(Hz) Amplitude Phase (oDegree) Amplitude Phase
(Vout/Vin) (Vout/Vin)
1 4.5 1 -3.6
100
- The pictures below was from the Ocsilicope – describe the Vout wave form.
1 0.33 -14.4
100
1 0.33 -29
200
The results from the experiments are slightly different from the simulation because of the margin
of errors in real components. Otherwise, the results agree with our calculations and expectations.