UNIT-1|

WEG TE CHNOLOGny
DATE 20
PAGE NO.

JNTERNET

- T1 was stavted 1960

Was oay to shar informna tion for
- Toternet aloba network
interConnecte d evices
alloS billiohs of devices includin g
cOmpUtesSmartphones & $he
2 eKchanq in fo.
concepts of dntevnet.
N'infastrvce
rotocols
Norld wide wcb
Ociood computin
Jot.

Basic doternet Protocoly

i5 the se+ o rules
proceduYS for
4ronsnisslo0 of dota betn +wo devices
- These
protocols ensUYS that he da te i5
sMoothy
Jnttrnet ro toco
1+ bYtahs 'dow data pache 4s
assign TP addss to tht pack t t 2
them acerosS inteynet. Bpacs
IPvH ’ USes 32-bit adds5
TP6 ’ UsS 128- bit addyesS
(e T P -Transmi 6sion Control otoco.
- £nsue5 eliablt
dlata bttwcen deices.
orded transmission
- EnsueS that
epectie orden. pachets
essential for applicoaion whe
clata accuvacy is eri tical.
- doiagron
rovides Poster
rotcol
bot less nliable me thod
data 4rans mission
- Sends doata without
connecton oithovt
establishing
vevifying it order.
) ONS -domain nane sysem
- translatts human te able domain
into Je addsse name

- file ransfer pro tocol.

- Used to onster iles btto a client
SeYVeY netwoyh
HTTP- HYpertxt Tronsfer Droto col
is used tor
wcb stver a eliont transmitting oata betn a
 DATE: I 20
|PAGE NO. OA.

World Wide WWeb

commonly fered to
- eb i s a CollecHon o wrbsitta oy
wcb pagts teYd wcb sevVe COnnect
to ldcal' compute thyo0gh inttnet
- allows USeY tovico, sha
navigate otbsitS Usinq browSY.

Key componen
HTnL
- Hyprrtxt norup longgt
- stondavd longuoqe Scd o
Yate S4utU weo pqts !
- HTML defines he conttat, headings,
inks image o a
wetpage.
- casca ing Gyle shee t
UGe d to format web paqes,
Controllinq9 layout fonts colours R spacidg
- Uni for cSOYCe locatos
weh addves5USed oto loca te & aCCCS S
epeci tic
HTTP

liok that Conncc olif fent

web pagts oY t60Uces

Neb SeYV twhe a UAY entVS a ual ther

scT Ver which sponds by sending queate

wtbpaq
 - d+ js o fundamental
for tans fering protocol
- Lt dtines how mesS ac es a formateo
transfered b+n licnt
© HTTP commands
O HET rttriveS a docu mnt
HE AD ) Htb the heacler info
OPOST ’ 9tnds data to +he SeYvt
places the ldo Speaificd in.uRL
specititd
oithdeltte propety
) DELETE +he
( LINK
peciticd 500YCeS.
ConnC t twO SoUYCCS
OUNLNK . disconnect two oU vees.

TP Requrst .messagti
ommunication Gent by a clitnt to a
egucs t
da ta to an acion.
The messaqe conta ins pino +hat grvr
needs to understend
OstUctue
pond oppropoty
o Request line
Heddt
O Body
oRequcst line I contains threr eltment.
O HTTP mthod ’ dt fine5 acton
(Ex. GÊT, Pos1, DELEe
Rcquest oRT path to the vsoUNCe be ing neves hd.
HTTP vtion yeIOn ofHTIp beinq CR.
 DATE I 20
PAOE NO.
vovides addiHon informotioo
l Headers about the veqvest
ptonal
- body i6 incloded oth equcst
Bodu bsually sevVr,
data to h
being Srnt
that sends toins date data
Body Con the
fovm o
dfttn in
servCY
to the
MeSS aq t
HTTP Aesponse by he
SeYV(r to
he
message sent equcs t
-7t )5 &TTP
sponse to an aboot the
MqUs?
the clitnt in infoYmation
- 1t
contains
rqucst contn
Osta Us line
OStUCtU
Hea ddes

Bod of he
1+ indrcates ou1 come
O 3tatus lin
nequesi·
vtMion ’ v¢sÍon of HtP Ucl in
(Q HTTP tGponse (EX HTP/11)
code’ a the eligicode no that
O status
indica tes vdholt o 29uegt
rason phrase a shovt descviption of pue'
Headty

Body: ?
+ Web clicnt
- I+ i5 a slo appli caions that allows us o vi
& *xplo infermoton 'on the web.
- The main fac cf it i6 to prsent
by qUcsting it fromn server it in
+he bowstr oindoo.
arhe most
diaplaying
common ypt of)
wrb clitnt. J+ is Ustd by pople to
Lx O GtOoqle chrome
9ateri opera
moùlla ivfey
micYOSO fl tdqe
- Mobile pps inttract wth in the
bacbgroor d
command line tools om 0Hd by 'drvelapes' ta
interact oith wtb strVto oietty fom ommand line.
+ Web Strye
-7+ is a systtm that host websi t & web
ppli caHons
- I+ proce sses lient equab.
-1+ communicates oi th elints throUqh, HTIA
pro to cos
Ocompontntno
O Hardi)
phycical machint that runs wrb seen
-.Modtn wtb scvey
viY tUl instences
Qan b
physical machines o

wtb StYVtr softooM

proccesie
incomig H17P quesstives
gueat R stnds Ysponsr baet to the
the cirot
 H7ML DATE: /20
PAGE NO. 4

H7ML O ocuments

- Taqs ay tht instucttons that at

embedded divectty into the ttxt of on HML
docum tnt
- lach H7ML taq desCY bts that the. bYOWSeY
Ghould do somcthing instad of sim ply
display ing the
Beqins with ((4) 4 ends with (>).
Paived tags paid taq hos a componon
tag.
6 Unpaitd tags do no1 hovt companion taq'
<br ,hY>cte.

) HTnL Eltmint

- HINnL doCU me aY
made up o H7ML element
simply ht txt fIR
Thest elemen t a dtined US)ng HTML tacs.
- HTInL eltmen starts stevt tag
|openingEndtag oitth an end taq eftdi clong tao
- eltnent conttnt is
closinq toq
eVCYthnq ben bpening
Some HTML ltmenb have
empty Qontnt
CHiYO an
Ex0mple
Lh1<h2h3,<Pete
 HIstey vrysions of HInL
HIL was invntt d by Tim BeYnevs -lre
- HTML
Catinq
designed as a by drnL
gtructud docoments simple
was
(1983
paragrephs list. lines
HTL 1-O
othtrelement. headinq
- w as Hleastd in 19 99
- eirst official vewion of Hn.
- inclvdes basic e qs lik <p,<h1> o <h 6>, <a)
Limg> , etc:
-it focuses

tinaing tht m

tleasd in 395
- 19 contains all. the featuws of HT L1·0 alonq
with feo adliHonal Pectus.

oas tleasd in 1994 .

- w0s leaSd by Morld nidt tb Con soy ium (w3)
-ncwdes
<Ste
few ntto tags such cas < font > , centtr>,
<bi9>
-J+ lahed
modero css- base d stying epa bili Hg.
HTML&o
(

- w3 poblíshed it
- J0 thtse veMion fratums li2e ny1Hme dia,
bt tr priniag f e a s wiy add ed scriping
904
tledsed by w3c
I+ introduces manynefeaurey & APJs for
boilaiag modevo Ueeeb appliattons .
 DATE:! 20
PAGE NO. os.

|Heading.
- HTML headinq5 a dtin ed oith <h1) to <hs)
taqs
-'<h1> dtines mast inm portont heading
2 <h6) dtines least impotent headiñg.

Lhtm t>
ttle> htading taq tx <Htle>
<body>

<h3 GHI N3>

<hs>MNO /h5
<h6 PgR <lh6
body
</htm)>

poagynoph
- <p> is Used- to dene
- BrowseY automateal ly adbsone
be fove af tey eachpelc ment epace
Synta <P> this is parag

html>
title> paragraph taq cx <tilc
body oUtput
<]body XY2
 inserst 1ine bYah.
- 14 mahes brow Set mnove olown to the next
-cbY 0S an onpaid teg
- it dots not hore an end /closing tog:
<html)
2titlt> ine bYah tx <i tle>
< bo dy)

lbody>

output
XY2
Pga
t ColoY & font
<b>,2i>,<0> sprci fies bol d, italic & ondeline
opectivcly:.
emphasis taq ctm> detines emphasiud teq
<strong > teg defincs n t ttx t
* <ins> taq deeines i ed'toxt.
<Gub> taq dt
fines S0bscipt txt
deines soprrseipt tt.
<html><head > </p>
< titlt) font
siuS <ttlt> 2) body)
<thcael </htm)
<b o d y p a dgorputput
<p Htllou Heilo
<b> bold /b) Bold
2 talic
<i> italic <i> Ondtyline
H L50b>
2<1sUb > o
X <sop >2 < lsop
 DATE 20

PAGE NO. O6.

tinns

hyperin to Connect fyom ong

pag to anothe pag of th) web.
- 2a tag is vse d fo Cat hyprrlinhs.

"hrt" decla ves tht url to be

unvisited link is Underlincd & blue.

- visi ttd lin is Undey ined puple.
acHv link is undtlined d

Arames

- ra mes jn HTmL display[ mulHple HTInL

document within a single web broWser o indoo
- The windoo can be divìded into ecto ngular
aYeas , each of which is a frame
-<frameset> teg is vsec to deine a se of
4rame witthin'a web page
- <frame > tay iS osed to dttine individoa
frameS oi thin a <franeset .

<htm> frame src "fyan1: htm))

<head > |fyame 5Yc prqme2 htmi"/>
title > frames
/tit) e> <franmeset
<|head)
LFranneset YowS "*,*>
 L/html
</bady
</ad) Pavan am 7<dd
</t> Hii Ldt>
dtinition
</h4 <h4)
<loL)
Pavan am 1
<oL>
Hi
dttiniion
Ovdeeo
body>
Unorde L/head)
tputor! <title> ists<titte>
taqs <dt>,<
dd> <dl, UGeS J9 -
ionsn elescrip their b
-t sed
drfinition
list
/0L3 closinq
qta wirh
tag <UL usts 1t -
bolltt
p Used
J1
arde fiC speci àhave
not dos which itms ofYoup lisb
onorcdered O
>. closing oith <0L>toq Uscs 11 -
numbe (40L>)
which
ed de itms gvoup
of ordv
ed ongani
displayist
tolists catt toways
ms. ittprovidts
seveYa HIML -
 DATE: 120
PAGE NO. o4.

Tablts

- HIN table6 used to display data in

tabulaY format
<table>,tr>,<th, td taqs

table > ’ drfineG a table

a table Yow
<td > ’ defines a toble data cetl.
th> ’ de fines te ble heooltr eel .

htm>
head>
<title> table <Htlt>
<|head >
<body
<table borde "bovdey")

2thName <th>
<thoos </h>
<ty
<td> Orm /td>
<td NOY ltd

</body> <Ihtm>
OUt put

Name
Nov
 DATE: 120
PAGE NO.

mage

15 Used to
taq display mag es on
wcb paq es
- 1t dots not goies alosi nq teg
Syntas <im SYC "UYl to image"/>
AttnbUtts
Src STC (6OUvce ) defines the path to th
imaqe ile.
Oalt alternatvt text pyovides txt desciption
of imagt if it cant be
O width i- speàPy wid th displayed
of 1mae
htiqht Spe city heiqht of imaot
fovmS

- HTNL fors UGCd to

2 send it to the seyvY
collect
UGeT input
foY pYOCCSSI ng
-- T4Thty Ca ted usin9 <form >ta .
Kas followin q attbutcs.
) <form > ag
(6) <input ta
box
 DATE: 1 120
PAGE NO. O.

CSS

Cascadinq sying sheet

11 is Usd to sttmechan
- CSS :iS aeiplt
2 layout web paqes.
ism for
stylt to web pags
dading
diety applitd
within the HTML taq
style tti butt.
<p style "olor: blut, font 5i2e : l6 px "
This i6 a blue

paragnoph <lp>
@ dnttrnad (Embeddrd )Css c6s is placed inside
25tyle >tag oithin
<head> secton of HnL documen

2head>
<stylt >
coloY: blue:
font-size : l6 px

<head

xkYnal eSS s parat CsS lt is lin ked to

HTML docume n1 USing ink tag

< link tl styleshee t

hr"oty lesc35"
 DATE 20
PAGE No.

featu6 o cS

sepeation of Contod & desiqn

SS allows
you to Gepeatt content ((HTML) foom the
cslgo sd).
cSS Savea i m t nCsS, we haY to
dtails ony specity
Stybn9 text & fonts cSs provides pouwerfo)
tools for conttollinq
*opography * hit fovmating iny
I9 fasy main tainaneetis easy to maín taio
the desihq ueing CSS

Rrsprsve design CSS

design is vsponsive
O Animations CSS
sDppor enima Hon fUn
yisu d tApeets.
evtatin
Style Shce HTML

JotYna css
Axteynal cIS.
 [DATE:
PAGE NO. 03

Stylc vle cascading inheiionce

-Jaheritenct caGcade
fondanmeatal oncep5

OascadingfeYS to houw CSS handle5

npietinq utts for same elemfnt
huiple css vles SpecipP
an ied to g
elrment CGS USes a
ohich ule tabed oecedrnce
mpovtence 9 Gpeci fi city ouree order.
©nhemtanCC
PYocess whe cer teaio CSS
Properties patnt
itd to its childn
elemen ar ao toma H callg
oll
ar inheied
drolin txtfemoHnq ar
aHng
ProperHcs nlattd to
layout
O inneit forrces
Valves pavn1
ese t he
iniHad value *toit
un set mav
CUN nt vaU
* Tert properties
CSS te+ pvo pey its allows o0 to con trol
oppearant, dl ighm nt,, spacing
0 co lo
wrbpaqe.
se the color of the Hxt.

H*t aliqn > Align txt horilon tal ly with io

elrment:
valvesi ltf, iqht, cent
Ht dtcova Hen ad ds dcovotion to the txt
valves: nont,0ndevline, overline.
) ty+-trans fov m) controls oaeiteliaHon, of xt.
values: nontvppercase, lo wy (a4e .:
lrtgy- spaci ng adjust spatt btio ehoat ty
tee valvu: Inqth values (4 p*)

orvalues: length valoes (sp*)

 DATE:
PAGE NO. 1020
H7M L5

does not

|00ppovt vilto &avdio video ovdio

dificulB to find useYS

location wht loqqc l0 cdtiOn who is
from moblle device accessing thr wtbsite

HTNnL useS byowSer S) HT LS has mulple

he cache memOry
GtoYaqe ophon suck as
itmpovay storaqt SQL datebuse

)nHTML, commOnica ion n HIMLS, Com mun ie

does not have has Soc ht t Soppes .
Oppoxt
)HInL iS compa &ble OHMLS
with almost Compati ble with all
browse.
tifrdtiogmo
) 17MS is capable of
hond lig inacCoYat syntee
2oHher eyY0M.
 BootstraP
BooteBrap is a frte, openiSoUrce front-eng
framewoYk
- J+ is used for developing esponsive
mobile- Arst websi tes
- provides eady :node
to spetd up the dcsign
dtvelopme nt proress.
QReaponsive desin to

ide ad or sponsive wtb

Pt desiqned drvelopmat.
componen tb i4 includes vaio
edeigned oompontn ts
SUch as button,navbc
tables
Css customl 2a ion yoU can eazly
cUstomie
Soottrap componntt,
OTavascipli bootstrap sopports javasetpt ferr
eltmenb:
BrOWSe compathbity
comp Doo tstrap i desione
bYow
 DATE: | 120
PAGE NO

hree types ot web poqcs

TheYe aYt
Gtatic web paqes
dynamic wtb paqc

A) Gtatic web
pocs
- They are eimple tiles that con tains only
html codes and aYt placed of w th sey VeM
do not chahge f q u r n t y
uSer
Wb pages Ymains some until
decides e ehahgeito conttn}

dynamic web pagcs

a Wrb poq whose contt ot changes
tspon6e to al' Hme
providrs opdoated contni
Active web
pags
-11 dos not qoi Manual inpot
the paqe.
These paes Can ehoange theit contnt