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Week 6 - B-Trees Intro

The document provides an overview of B-Trees, a specialized m-way tree used for efficient disk access, detailing its properties, operations, and algorithms for searching and inserting elements. B-Trees maintain a balanced structure to ensure that all leaf nodes are at the same level and can efficiently handle large amounts of data. The document includes examples of searching and inserting elements, illustrating the process and importance of maintaining B-Tree properties during these operations.

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4 views13 pages

Week 6 - B-Trees Intro

The document provides an overview of B-Trees, a specialized m-way tree used for efficient disk access, detailing its properties, operations, and algorithms for searching and inserting elements. B-Trees maintain a balanced structure to ensure that all leaf nodes are at the same level and can efficiently handle large amounts of data. The document includes examples of searching and inserting elements, illustrating the process and importance of maintaining B-Tree properties during these operations.

Uploaded by

adwaitdubey14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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B-Trees

By: Aditya Tiwari


Assistant Professor
CSVTU, Bhilai
Introduction of B-Tree
• B Tree is a specialized m-way tree that can be widely used for
disk access. A B-Tree of order m can have at most m-1 keys
and m children. One of the main reasons of using B tree is its
capability to store large number of keys in a single node and
large key values by keeping the height of the tree relatively
small.

• A B tree of order m contains all the properties of an M way


tree. In addition, it contains the following properties.
1.Every node in a B-Tree contains at most m children.
2.Every node in a B-Tree except the root node and the leaf
node contain at least m/2 children.
3.The root nodes must have at least 2 child nodes.
4.All leaf nodes must be at the same level.
• It is not necessary that, all the nodes contain the same number
of children but, each node must have m/2 number of nodes.
• A B tree of order 4 is shown in the following image.
• While performing some operations on B Tree, any property of
B Tree may violate such as number of minimum children a
node can have. To maintain the properties of B Tree, the tree
may split or join.
• Operations
• Searching
• Insertion
• Deletion
• Searching:
• Searching in B Trees is similar to that in Binary search tree.
For example, if we search for an item 49 in the following B
Tree. The process will something like following :
1.Compare item 49 with root node 78. since 49 < 78 hence,
move to its left sub-tree.
2.Since, 40<49<56, traverse right sub-tree of 40.
3.49>45, move to right. Compare 49.
4.Match found, return.
• Searching in a B tree depends upon the height of the tree. The
search algorithm takes O(log n) time to search any element in
a B tree.
•Inserting
• Insertions are done at the leaf node level. The following
algorithm needs to be followed in order to insert an item into
B Tree.
1.Traverse the B Tree in order to find the appropriate leaf node
at which the node can be inserted.
2.If the leaf node contain less than m-1 keys then insert the
element in the increasing order.
3. Else, if the leaf node contains m-1 keys, then follow the
following steps.
o Insert the new element in the increasing order of elements.
o Split the node into the two nodes at the median.
o Push the median element upt o its parent node.
o If the parent node also contain m-1 number of keys, then
split it too by following the same steps.
• Example:
• Insert the node 8 into the B Tree of order 5 shown in the
following image.
8 will be inserted to the right of 5, therefore insert 8.
The node, now contain 5 keys which is greater than (5 -1 = 4 )
keys. Therefore split the node from the median i.e. 8 and push
it up to its parent node shown as follows.
• THANK YOU

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