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FCE 481 Tutorials

The document outlines tutorial problems for a course on Public Health Engineering, focusing on water source selection, water treatment processes, and design considerations for various water treatment units. It includes questions on aeration, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and disinfection processes, along with calculations for designing mixers, sedimentation basins, and chemical requirements for water treatment. Additionally, it covers practical applications such as determining settling velocities and designing filtration systems.

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annkiarii
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10 views5 pages

FCE 481 Tutorials

The document outlines tutorial problems for a course on Public Health Engineering, focusing on water source selection, water treatment processes, and design considerations for various water treatment units. It includes questions on aeration, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and disinfection processes, along with calculations for designing mixers, sedimentation basins, and chemical requirements for water treatment. Additionally, it covers practical applications such as determining settling velocities and designing filtration systems.

Uploaded by

annkiarii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FCE 481: PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING I

TUTORIALS PROBLEMS

Q1. Describe the factors that influence the consideration for selection of water source
for i) surface water source ii) underground source

Q2. Describe using a sketch the design/construction and operations of water intake for

i) Rivers
ii) Impounding Reservoirs

Q 3. Using a neat sketch describe a layout of a typical water treatment plant showing all
the essential physical and chemical treatment units

Q 4. Aeration method is employed as one of the physical unit in water treatment:

i) Explain the Law governing the principle of aeration.


ii) Describe the water treatment processes where aeration is employed.
iii) Describe the methods commonly employed to achieve aeration in water
treatment

Q 5. Define the following terms:

i) Coagulation
ii) Flocculation

Q 6. Describe the chemical coagulants commonly used in water treatment

Q 7. Differentiate between:

i) Perikinetic flocculation
ii) Orthokinetic flocculation

Which of the two is more predominant and why?

Q 8. Design a rapid mixer to disperse chemical in a flow of 20,000 m3/day. The detention
time is 30 s and G is 700s-1. Determine the power required for the mixer.

Q9 Determine the terminal settling velocity of a sand particle with an average


diameter of 0.5 mm and a density of 2600kg/m3 settling in water at 20oC.
(Assume density of sand particle 2600kg/m3, viscosity of water 1.002x10-3 N-
s/m2)
Q10 A suspension of particles having an average density of 1400kg/m3 is to be
treated in a tank designed for an overflow rate of 25m3/m2.d. For the particle
size distribution given, determine the fraction F removed.

Mass 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045


fraction

1
Effective 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.05
diameter
mm

Q11 Figure below shows settling curves of a flocculent suspension. Determine the
theoretical efficiency of a sedimentation tank with depth equal to the test
cylinder and a detention time of 25 min. What surface overflow rate should
be used in a full-scale clarifier in order to achieve equivalent results. The test
cylinder has a depth of 3m.

2
Q12 A suspension of CaCO3 with a mean particle size of 0.1 mm and a specific
gravity of 1.1 is thickened by sedimentation to a concentration of 7 per cent
solids by mass. Find the final settling velocity and the required SOR for the
thickener.
Q13 A water treatment plant is designed for a flow of 12,000 m3/d is expected to use
alum at a rate of 20mg/L. determine the storage volume required to provide a
minimum of 1month’s supply if deliveries can be expected on a biweekly basis.

Q 14. Average flow in a water treatment operation is 20,000m3/d. it is desired to


design a flocculator unit with a 30 min hydraulic residence time and a mean
velocity gradient of 40 s-1 and motor-drive unit of efficiencies 60 % can be
expected. Estimate the required motor size.

3
Q15 Design a sedimentation basin to treat water whose average daily flow requirement
is 50,000 m3/d. Determine appropriate dimensions for a rectangular basin with
length: breadth ratio is 4. The detention time is 2.5 hours. Determine the total weir
length required. Sketch the longitudinal section of the basin showing the weir
arrangement.

Q 16 Describe the design/construction and operational features of:

i) slow sand filters


ii) Rapid sand filters

Q 17. Assume that the straight line drawn in Figure below describes the size distribution
by manufacturer’s rating of filter sand in a 7.2 m/hr; that after backwashing settles
back uniformly to a porosity of 0.4; and that the sand has a sphericity of 0.8. 1) Find
the headloss for the clean bed, 2) the head loss if the particles in the bed are all of
geometric mean size.

4
Q 18 If the natural sand of the above figure is used in an unstratified slow sand filter 1m
deep operated at 0.12m/hr, the kinematic viscosity is 10-6m2/s, the porosity is 0.35,
and the sphericity is 0.8, find 1) the initial headloss following cleaning and
replacement of all the sand; 2) the single diameter, de, that would produce the same
hydraulic results as the mixed bed and where this size lies in the cumulative weight
scale of the figure above.

Q 19 Determine the required backwash velocity to expand a granular-medium bed to a


porosity of 0.7. Also, determine the depth of the expanded filter bed. (The expanded
depth needs to be known to establish the minimum height of the wash-water
troughs above the surface of the filter bed). The following data is available:

Granular medium = sand

Size of sand = 0.5mm

Density of sand = 2600kg/m3

Depth of filter bed = 0.6m

Temperature = 20oC

Q 20 Describe the disinfection process by chlorine that leads to breakpoint chlorination

Q 21 The ionization constant for hypochlorous acid is 3x10-8. Determine the % of


hypochlorous acid present at pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11.

Q 22 The following data were obtained in breakpoint chlorination of a water. Plot the
data and determine the breakpoint dosage.

Q23 Water with analysis below is to be softened by the excess-lime-soda ash


method. Determine the amount of each chemical required per cubic meter of
water treated. Temperature of water 250C
Ca2+ 90 mg/l; Mg2+ 18 mg/l; HCO3-183mg/l; CO32- mg/l 0.6; Cl-1 70mg/l; SO42-48
mg/l

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