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Class 12 - Applied Maths

Sample Paper - 10 (2024-25)

Maximum Marks: 80
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:

i. This Question paper contains 38 questions. All questions are compulsory.

ii. This Question paper is divided into five Sections - A, B, C, D and E.
iii. In Section A, Questions no. 1 to 18 are multiple choice questions (MCQs) and Questions no. 19 and 20 are Assertion-
Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
iv. In Section B, Questions no. 21 to 25 are Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions, carrying 2 marks each.
v. In Section C, Questions no. 26 to 31 are Short Answer (SA)-type questions, carrying 3 marks each.
vi. In Section D, Questions no. 32 to 35 are Long Answer (LA)-type questions, carrying 5 marks each.
vii. In Section E, Questions no. 36 to 38 are case study-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
viii. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 questions in Section B, 2 questions in Section
C, 2 questions in Section D and one sub-part each in 2 questions of Section E.
ix. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A

1. If AB = A and BA = B, then (B2 + B) equals:

a) 2I
b) 2B
c) 2A
d) O

2. Standard deviation of a sample from a population is called a

a) Statistic
b) Parameter
c) Standard error
d) Central limit

3. A newspaper printing machine costs ₹ 4,80,000 and estimated scrap value of ₹ 25000 at the end of its useful life of 10
years. What is its annual depreciation as per linear method?

a) ₹ 4550
b) ₹ 45,500
c) ₹ 50,500
d) ₹ 61,500

4. The graph of the inequality 2x + 3y > 6 is

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a) half plane that contains the origin
b) half plane that neither contains origin nor the points of the line 2x + 3y = 6
c) whole XOY-plane excluding the points on the line 2x + 3y = 6
d) entire XOY-plane.

5. If A and B are square matrices such that B = - A-1 BA, then (A + B)2 =

a) A2 + 2AB + B2
b) A2 + B2
c) A + B
d) O

6. In a series of three trials, the probability of two successes is 9 times the probability of three successes. Then, the
probability of success in each trial is

a) 1

b) 3

c) 1

d) 1

7. If in a binomial distribution n = 4, P (X = 0) = 16

81
, then P (X = 4) equals

a) 1

27

b) 1

81

c) 1

d) 1

16

3
dy x +y
8. Integrating factor of the differential equation dx
+ y = x
is

a) ex
x

b) e

c) x ex
d) x

e
x

9. A is 2 1

3
times as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 80 meters, how long should the race course be so that both of them
reach at the same time?

a) 140 meters
b) 160 meters
c) 150 meters
d) 170 meters

∣ 3x 4∣ ∣4 −3 ∣
10. If ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣ , then x =
∣ 5 x∣ ∣5 −2 ∣

a) 3x2 - 20 = -8 + 15
⇒ 3x2 = 27 ⇒ x2 = 9 ⇒ x = ± 3.
∴ Option (c) is the correct answer.

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b) 3 or -3
c) -3 only
d) 3 only

11. 20 litres of a mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 3 : 1. The amount of milk, in litres, to be added to the mixture
so as to have milk and water in the ratio 4 : 1 is:

a) 5
b) 7
c) 6
d) 4

12. If P > q and r < 0, then which of the following is true?

a) p + r < q + r
b)

p-r<q-r

c) pr > qr
d) pr < qr

13. In a 2-kilometer race, A can give B a start of 200 meters and C a start of 560 meters. In the same race, how much start
can B give to C?

a) 400 meters
b) 350 meters
c) 500 meters
d) 300 meters

14. The point at which the maximum value of x + y, subject to the constraints x + 2y ≤ 70, 2x + y < 95, x, y ≥ 0 is obtained,
is

a) (35, 20)
b) (30, 25)
c) (40, 15)
d) (20, 35)

15. The maximum value of the function z = 7x + 5y, subject to constraints x ≤ 3, y ≤ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, is:

a) 31
b) 10
c) 21
d) 37

16. What does it mean that you calculate a 95% confidence interval?

a) All of these
b) The process you used will capture the true parameter 95% of the time in long run.
c) You can be 95% confident that your interval will include the population parameter.
d) You can be 5% confident that your interval will not include the population parameter.

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17. ∫ x3
log xdx is equal to
4

a)
x 4
(log x − ) + C
2
8 x
4

b) x

16
(4 log x − 1) + C
4

c)
x
(4 log x + 1) + C
16
4
x log x
d) 4
+ C

18. A fire in a factory delaying production for some time is

a) Long term trend

b) Cyclical trend
c) Seasonal trend
d) Irregular trend

19. Assertion (A): The real value of k for which the system of linear equations x - 2y = kz, z - ky = 2x and y - 2z = kx has a
non-zero solution is -1.
Reason (R): The system of linear equations
a1x + b1y + c1z = 0
a2x + b2y + c2z = 0
a3x + b3y + c3z = 0
has a zero solution if
∣ a1 b1 c1 ∣
∣ ∣
D = ∣a 2 b2 c2
∣
≠ 0
∣ a3 b3 c3 ∣

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): If manufacturer can sell x items at a price of ₹ (5 − x

100
) each. The cost price of x items is ₹ ( x

5
+ 500) .
Then, the number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit is 240 items.
2

Reason (R): The profit for selling x items is given by 24

5
x−
x

100
- 300.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
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Section B

21. A machine costs a company ₹525000 and its effective life is estimated to be 20 years. A sinking fund is created for
replacing the machine at the end of its lifetime when its scrap realizes a sum of ₹25000 only. Calculate what amount
should be provided every year out of profits for the sinking fund if it accumulates an interest of 5% per annum.

OR

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What is scrap value?

22. Construct 5-yearly moving averages from the following data of the number of industrial failures in a country during
2003-2018:

Year No. of failures Year No. of Failures

2003 23 2011 9

2004 26 2012 13

2005 28 2013 11
2006 32 2014 14

2007 20 2015 12

2008 12 2016 9
2009 12 2017 3

2010 10 2018 1

8 3
√x+1
23. By using property of definite integrals, evaluate ∫ 3 3
dx
√x+1 +√11−x
2

3 −2 3
⎡ ⎤

24. If A = ⎢ 2 1 −1 ⎥ , find A (adj A) without computing adj A.

⎣ ⎦
4 −3 2

OR

Give an example of matrix: A and B such that AB ≠ BA.

25. Evaluate: 12 mod 4

Section C

26. Find the effective rate that is equivalent to a nominal rate of 8% compounded:

i. semi-annually
ii. quarterly
iii. continuosly

27. The rate of increase of bacteria in a culture is proportional to the number of bacteria present and it is found that the
number doubles in 6 hours. Prove that the bacteria becomes 8 times at the end of 18 hours.

OR

Form the differential equation corresponding to (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2 by eliminating a and b.

28. The demand and supply functions for a commodity are p = x2 - 6x + 16 and p = 1

3
2
x +
4

3
x+ 4 respectively. Find each
of the following assuming x ≤ 5:

i. The equilibrium point.

ii. The consumer's surplus at the equilibrium point.

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iii. The producer's surplus at the equilibrium point.

29. Calculate price index using the price relative method.

Commodity Price in 2016 (₹) Price in 2017 (₹)

Rice 30 35
Wheat 22 25

Fish 54 64

Potato 20 25
Coal 15 18

30. The average heart rate for Indians is 72 beats per minute. To lower their heart rate, a group of 25 people participated in
an aerobics exercise programme. The group was tested after six months to see if the group had significantly slowed their
heart rate. The average heart rate for the group was 69 beats/minute with a standard deviation of 6.5. Was the aerobics
program effective in lowering heart rate? (Given α = 0.05)

31. An urn contains 3 white and 6 red balls. Four balls are drawn one by one with replacement from the urn. Find the
probability distribution of the number of red balls drawn. Also, find the mean and variance of the distribution.

OR

A die is loaded in such a way that an even number is twice likely to occur as an odd number. If the die is tossed twice,
find the probability distribution of the random variable X representing the perfect squares in the two tosses.

Section D

32. A manufacturer produces nuts and bolts for industrial machinery. It takes 1 hour of work on machine A and 3 hours on
machine B to produce a package of nuts while it takes 3 hours on machine A and 1 hour on machine B to produce a
package of bolts. He earns a profit of ₹ 2.50 per package of nuts and ₹ 1.00 per package of bolts. How many packages of
each should he produce each day so as to maximize his profit, if he operates his machines for at most 12 hours a day?
Formulate this mathematically and then solve it.

OR

A small firm manufactures necklaces and bracelets that it can handle per day is at most 24. It takes one hour to make a
bracelet and half an hour to make necklace. The maximum number of hours available per day is 16. If the profit on a
necklace is ₹100 and that on a bracelet is ₹300. Formulate an LPP for finding how many of each should be produced
daily to maximize the profit? It is being given that at least one of each must be produced.

33. If X is a Poisson variate such that 3P (X = 2) = 2P (X = 1). Find

i. P (X = 0),
ii. P (X = 3).
4

(Given e = 0.264)
−
3

OR

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A coin weighted so that P(H) = and P(T) = is tossed three times. Let X be the random variable which denotes the
3 1

4 4

longer string of heads that occurs. Find the probability distribution, mean and variance of X.

34. Show that the solution set of the following system of linear inequalities is an unbounded region 2x + y ≥ 8, x + 2y ≥ 10,
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.

35. The cost of a car purchased 2 years ago, depreciates at the rate of 20 % every year. If its present worth is ₹ 315600, find:

i. its purchase price

ii. its value after 3 years.
Section E

36. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
There is a bridge whose length of three sides of a trapezium other than base are equal to 5cm:

i. What is the value of DP? (1)

ii. What is the area of the trapezium A(x)? (1)
iii. A’(x) = 0 then what is the value of x? (2)
OR
What is the value of A”(2.5) (2)

37. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Ram has completed his MBA and now he wants to start a new business. So, he approaches to many banks. One bank is
agreed to give loan to Ram. So, Ram has borrowed ₹ 5 lakhs from a bank on the interest rate of 12 percent for 10 years.

i. What does EMI stands for? (1)

ii. What is the formula for calculating monthly installments? (1)
iii. Calculate monthly installment using (1.01)120 = 3.300 (2)
OR
What is the amount of total payment made by Ram? (2)

38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
To promote the making of toilets for women, an organisation tried to generate awareness through

i. house calls
ii. emails and
iii. announcements.

The cost for each mode per attempt is given below:

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1. ₹ 50
2. ₹ 20
3. ₹ 40

The number of attempts made in the villages X, Y and Z are given below:

(i) (ii) (iii)

X 400 300 100
Y 300 250 75

Z 500 400 150

Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given modes is

1. 2%
2. 4%
3. 20%
i. What is the cost incurred by the organisation on village X? (1)
ii. What is cost incurred by the organisation on village Y? (1)
iii. What is the cost incurred by the organisation on village Z? (2)
OR
What are the total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village X? (2)
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Class 12 - Applied Maths

Sample Paper - 10 (2024-25)

Solution

Section A
1. (b) 2B
Explanation:

2B

2. (a) Statistic
Explanation:

Statistic.

3. (b) ₹ 45,500
Explanation:

₹480000−₹25000
Annual depreciation = 10
= ₹ 45500

4. (b) half plane that neither contains origin nor the points of the line 2x + 3y = 6
Explanation:

half plane that neither contains origin nor the points of the line 2x + 3y = 6

5. (b) A2 + B2
Explanation:

B = - A-1BA
⇒ AB = -AA-1 BA
⇒ AB = -IBA

⇒ AB = -BA
⇒ AB + BA = O ...(i)

Consider, (A + B)2 = A2 + AB + BA + B2 ...(∵ AB ≠ BA)

(A + B)2 = A2 + O + B2 ...from (i)
(A + B)2 = A2 + B2

6. (d) 1

Explanation:

Given n = 3 and P(X = 2) = 9P(X = 3).

So, C p ⋅ q = 9 × C . p
3
2
2 3
3
3

⇒ 3p2q = 9p3 ⇒ 3p2(q - 3p) = 0

⇒ q = 3p

∵ p + q = 1 ⇒ p + 3p = 1 ⇒ p 1

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7. (b) 1

81

Explanation:

In the given binomial distribution, n = 4 and

P(X = 0) = 16

81

Binomial distribution is given by

P(X = 0) = 4C0p0q4-0
We know that P(X = 0) =
16

81
4 16
∴ q =
81
2
⇒ q =
3
2 1
∴ p = 1− =
3 3

Then, P(X = 4) = 4C4p4q4-4

4
1
= ( )
3

1
=
81

8. (b)
e

Explanation:

y = x2, which is linear in y.

dy 1
+ (1 − )
dx x
1
x x
∫ (1− )dx
I.F. = e =e = =
x x−log x e e

e
log x x

9. (a) 140 meters

Explanation:

Let the length of the field be X m

As 'A' gives 'B' a start of 80 m
The time B takes to travel X m. A takes same time to travel (X - 80) m
Speed of A =
X−80

Speed of B = X

t
X 7
=
X−80 3

3x = 7x - 560
4x = 560
x = 140 m
Hence, length of track is 140 meters

10. (b) 3 or -3
Explanation:

3 or -3

11. (a) 5
Explanation:

In 20 litres of mixture
Quantity of milk
× 20 = 15 litres
3
⇒
4

Quantity of water

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⇒
1

4
× 20 = 5 litres
Let the quantity of milk added be x litres.
According to the question,
15+x 4
⇒ =
5 1

⇒ 15 + x = 4 × 5
⇒ x = 20 − 15

⇒ x = 5 litres

12. (d) pr < qr

Explanation:

If p > q and r < 0, then

pr < qr (∵ n multiplying or dividing by a -ve quantity the inequality, get reversed).

13. (a) 400 meters

Explanation:

A : B = 2000 : 1800
A : C = 2000 : 1440
When B cover 1800 m, C cover 1440 m
When B cover 2000 m, C cover = = 1600 m
1440
× 2000
1800

'B' give start to 'C' of (2000 - 1600) m = 400 meters

14. (c) (40, 15)

Explanation:

Given objective function is Z = x + y

Constraints are:
x + 2y ≤ 70
2x + y ≤ 95, x, y ≥ 0
Let us consider these constraints as equations for a while, then we will have,
x + 2y = 70 ...(i)
2x + y = 95 ...(ii)
Now, graph the equations, by transforming the equations to intercept form of line.
Equation (i) dividing throughout by 70
x 2y 70
+ =
70 70 70
y
=1
x
+
70 35

The line x + 2y = 70 can be plot in the graph as a line passing through the points, (70, 0) and (0, 35) as 70 and 35 are the
intercepts of the line on the x-axis and y-axis respectively.
Similarly equation (ii) can be divided 95 to get
2x y 95
+ =
95 95 95
y
=1
x
+
95
95
2

The line 2x + y = 95 can be plot in the graph as a line passing through the points, ( and (0, 95) as and 95 are
95 95
, 0)
2 2

the intercepts of the line on the x-axis and y-axis respectively.

By considering the constraints x, y ≥ 0, this clearly shows that the region can only be in the 1st quadrant.
The graph of the inequations will look like,

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The points OABC is the feasible region of the LPP.

Now from the points O, A, B and C the vertices of the polygon formed by the constraints, one of the points will provide
the maximum solution to the function Z = x + y
Now checking the points, O, A, B and C by substituting in Z = x + y

Z at O(0, 0) Z=0+0=0

Z at A (0, 35) Z = 0 + 35 = 35

Z at B(40, 15) Z = 40 + 15 = 55

Z at C( Z== = 47.5
95 95 95
, 0) + 0 =
2 2 2

From the above values, it is clear that Z maximized at point B(40, 15).

15. (a) 31
Explanation:

31

16. (a) All of these

Explanation:

All of these
4

17. (b)
x
(4 log x − 1) + C
16

Explanation:

3 3 d 3
∫ x log xdx = log x ∫ x dx − ∫ { log x ∫ x dx} dx
dx
II
4 4 4 4
x 1 x x x
= log x ⋅ − ∫ ⋅ dx = log x − + C
4 x 4 4 16
4
x
= (4 log x − 1) + C
16

18. (d) Irregular trend

Explanation:

Irregular trend

19. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:

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The given system of linear equations can be written as
x - 2y - kz = 0
2x + ky - z = 0
kx - y + 2z = 0
∣1 −2 −k ∣
∣ ∣
Here, D = 2 k −1
∣ ∣
∣k −1 2∣

The above system has a non-zero solution if D = 0

∣1 −2 −k ∣
∣ ∣
⇒ 2 k −1 =0
∣ ∣
∣k −1 2∣

⇒ 1(2k - 1)+2(4 + k)-k(-2 - k2) = 0

⇒ 2k - 1 + 8 + 2k + 2k + k3 = 0
⇒ k3 + 6k + 7 = 0

Putting k = -1, we get (-1)3 + 6(-1) + 7 = 0

⇒ (k + 1) is a factor of k3 + 6k + 7 = 0
∴ k3 + 6k + 7 = (k + 1)(k2 - k + 7) = 0
∵ k2 - k + 7 has no real solution,
∴ real value of k is -1

∴ Assertion is true.
Also Reason is true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

20. (c) A is true but R is false.

Explanation:

Let S(x) be the selling price of x items and let C(x) be the cost price of x items.
Then, we have
2

S(x) = (5 - )x = 5x -
x x

100 100

and C(x) = x

5
+ 500
Thus, the profit function P(x) is given by
2

P(x) = S(x) - C(x) = 5x - - 500

x x
−
100 5
2

i.e. P(x) = 24

5
x−
x

100
- 500
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
P'(x) = 24 x
−
5 50

Now, P'(x) = 0 gives x = 240.

−1
Also, P'(x) = 50
.

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So, P'(240) = <0
−1

50

Thus, x = 240 is a point of maxima.

Hence, the manufacturer can earn maximum profit, if he sells 240 items.To practice more questions & prepare well for
exams, download myCBSEguide.com App. It provides complete study material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-
UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8.com App to create similar papers with their own name and logo.

Section B

21. Cost of new machine = ₹525000

Scrap value of old machine = ₹25000
Hence, the money required for new machine after 20 years
= ₹525000 - ₹25000 = ₹ 500000
So, we have A = ₹500000, r = 5% p.a. ⇒ i = 0.05 and n = 20 years
Using formula,
n
(1+i ) −1
A=R[ i
]

R=
500000×0.05 25000
⇒ =
2.655−1 1.655

⇒ R = ₹15105.74
Let x = (1.05)20 Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
log x = 20 log 1.05
⇒ log x = 20 × 0.0212
⇒ log x = 0.424
⇒ log x = 0.424

⇒ x = antilog 0.424
⇒ x = 2.655

OR

The value of a depreciable asset at the end of its useful life is called scrap value or salvage value or depreciated value.

22. Computation of moving averages

Year No. of failures 5-yearly moving totals 5-yearly moving averages

2003 23 - -

2004 26 - -

2005 28 129 25.8

2006 32 118 23.6

2007 20 104 20.8

2008 12 86 17.2
2009 12 63 12.6

2010 10 56 11.2

2011 9 55 11.0
2012 13 57 11.4

2013 11 59 11.8

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2014 14 59 11.8

2015 12 49 9.8
2016 9 39 7.8

2017 3 - -

2018 1 - -

8 3
√x+1
23. Let I = ∫
3 3
dx ...(1)
√x+1 +√11−x
2

8 3
√2+8−x+1
⇒ I = ∫ dx
3 3
√2+8−x+1 +√11−(2+8−x)
2

8 3
√11−x
I = ∫
3 3
dx ...(2)
√11−x +√x+1
2

Adding (1) and (2), we get

8
8
2I = ∫ 1dx = [x] = 6 ⇒ I = 3
2
2

24. We know that A (adj A) = |A| I.

∣3 −2 3∣
∣ ∣
Here |A| = 2 1 −1
∣ ∣
∣4 −3 2∣

= 3 (2 - 3) - (- 2) (4 + 4) + 3 (- 6 - 4)
= -3 + 16 - 30 = -17.
1 0 0 −17 0 0
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

∴ A (adj A) = |A| I = -17 ⎢ 0 1 0⎥ =⎢ 0 −17 0⎥ .

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 0 1 0 0 −17

OR

We need to find matrices A and B such that AB ≠ BA.

1 2 1 2
Let A = [ ] and B = [ ] .
0 3 0 3

First, we will find AB( this product is possible, since both are of same order 2 × 2)
1 2 1 0
AB = [ ][ ] , by using the rule of matrix multiplication, we get,
0 3 2 1

(1)(1) + (2)(2) (1)(0) + (2)(1)

⇒ AB = [ ]
(0)(1) + (3)(2) (0)(0) + (3)(1)

1+ 4 0+ 2
⇒ AB = [ ]
0+ 6 0+ 3

5 2
∴ AB = [ ]
6 3

Now, we will find BA (this product is possible since both are of the same order 2 × 2)
1 0 1 2
BA = [ ][ ] by using the rule of matrix multiplication, we get,
2 1 0 3

(1)(1) + (0)(0) (1)(2) + (0)(3)

⇒ BA = [ ]
(2)(1) + (1)(0) (2)(2) + (1)(3)

1+ 0 2+ 0
⇒ BA = [ ]
2+ 0 4+ 3

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1 2
∴ BA = [ ]
2 7

1 2 1 0
Thus, AB ≠ BA when A = [ ] and B = [ ]
0 3 2 1

25. To find 12 mod 4, let us divide 12 by 4.

So, 12 mod 4 = 0

Section C
26. i. We have, r = 8

100
= 0.08, m = 2
∴ re = (1 + m
r
)m - 1

⇒ re = (1 + 0.08
)2 - 1 = (1.04)2 - 1 = 1.0816 - 1 = 0.0816
2

Hence, the effective rate is 8.16% which means that the rate 8.16% compounded annually yields the same interest as
the nominal rate 8% compounded semi-annually.
ii. We have, r = = 0.08, m = 4
8

100

re = (1 + )m - 1
r
∴
m

re = (1 + )4 - 1 = (1.02)4 - 1 = 1.08243216 - 1 = 0.08243216

0.08
⇒
4

Hence, the effective rate of interest is 8.24% which means that the rate 8.24% compounded annually yields the same
interest as the nominal rate 8% compounded quarterly.
iii. We have, r = = 0.088

100

∴ re = er - 1 ⇒ re = e0.08 - 1 = 1.0833 - 1 = 0.0833

Hence, the effective rate is 8.33% . This means that the rate 8.33% compounded annually yields the same interest as
the nominal rate 8% compounded continuously.

27. Let A be the quantity of bacteria present in culture at any time t and initial quantity of bacteria is A0
dA
∝ A
dA
dA
= λA
dt
dA
= λdt
A
dA
∫ = ∫ λdt
A

log A = λ t + c ...(i)
Initially, A = A0, t = 0
log A0 = 0 + c
log A0 = c
Now equation (i) becomes,
log A = λ t + log A0

...(ii)
A
log( ) = λt
A0

Given A = 2 A0 when t = 6 hours

A
log( ) = 6λ
A0

log 2
= λ
6

Now equation (ii) becomes,

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log 2
A
log( ) = t
A0 6

Now, A = 8 A0
8A0 log 2
so, log( A0
) =
6
t

log 23 =
log 2
t
6
log 2
3 log 2 = 6
t

18 = t
Hence, Bacteria becomes 8 times in 18 hours.

OR

The equation of the family of curves is (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2 ...(i)

where a and b are parameters.
This equation contains two parameters, so we shall get a second order differential equation.
Differentiating equation (i) with respect to x, we get
dy
2(x - a) + 2(y - b) dx
=0
dy
(x - a) + (y - b) dx
= 0 ...(ii)
Again differentiating w.r.t x, we get,
2 2
dy d y
⇒ 1+ ( ) + (y − b) = 0
2
dx dx
2
dy
1+( )

(y - b) = − ...(iii)
dx
⇒
2
d y

2
dx

From (ii) and (iii), we have,

2
dy
1+( )
dy
(x - a) − dx

2 dx
=0
d y

2
dx
3
dy dy
+( )

(x - a) = ...(iv)
dx dx

⇒
2
d y

2
dx

From (i), (iii) and (iv), we get

2 2
3 2
dy dy dy
[ +( ) ] [1+( ) ]

= r2
dx dx dx

+
2 2
2 2
d y d y
( ) ( )
2 2
dx dx

2 4 6 2 4
dy dy dy dy dy
[( ) +2( ) +( ) ]+[1+2( ) +( ) ]

= r2
dx dx dx dx dx

⇒
2
2
d y
( )
2
dx

2 4 6 2 4 2 2
dy dy dy dy dy d y
⇒ ( ) + 2( ) + ( ) + 1 + 2( ) + ( ) = r (
2
2
)
dx dx dx dx dx dx

2 4 6 2 2
dy dy dy d y
2
⇒ 1 + 3( ) + 3( ) + ( ) = r ( )
2
dx dx dx dx

3
2 2 2
dy d y
2
⇒ [1 + ( ) ] = r ( )
2
dx dx

It is the required differential equation.

28. The demand and supply functions are p = D(x) and p = S(x), where D(x) = x2 - 6x + 16 and S(x) = 1

3
2
x +
4

3
x+ 4

i. The equilibrium point (x0, p0) is the point at which the demand-supply curves intersect. Therefore, the equilibrium
point is obtained by setting D(x) = S(x).
Now, D(x) = S(x)

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⇒ x2 - 6x + 16 = 1

3
x
2
+
4

3
x+ 4

⇒
2

3
x
2
−
22

3
x + 12 = 0 ⇒ x2 - 11x + 18 = 0 ⇒ (x - 2)(x - 9) ⇒ x = 2 [∵ x ≤ 5]
Putting x = 2 either in p = D (x) or in p = S(x), we obtain p = 8. Thus, x0 = 2 and p0 = 8. Hence, (2, 8) is the
equilibrium point.
ii. The consumer's surplus (CS) at the equilibrium point (2, 8) is given by
x0
CS = ∫ D(x)dx − p x
0
0 0

2
⇒ CS = ∫ 0
(x
2
− 6x + 16) dx − 8 × 2
2
3

CS = [ =( =
x 2 8 20
⇒ − 3x + 16x] − 16 − 12 + 32) − 16
3 3 3
0

iii. The producer's surplus (PS) at the equilibrium point (2, 8) is given by
x0
PS = p 0
x0 − ∫
0
S(x)dx

2
PS = 8 × 2 − ∫
1 2 4
⇒ ( x + x + 4) dx
0 3 3

2
3

⇒ PS = 16 − [
x

9
+
2

3
x
2
+ 4x] = 16 − ( 8

9
+
8

3
+ 8) = 40

9
0

Base Price (₹) Current Price (₹) Price relative

Commodity p1
p0 p1 × 100
29. p0

Rice 30 35 116.67

Wheat 22 25 113.64
Fish 54 64 118.52

Potato 20 25 125

Coal 15 18 120
p1
Total Σ
p0
× 100 = 593.83

Hence, the required index number is simple average of price relatives,

p1
P01 = = = 118.77
1 593.83
(Σ × 100)
N p0 5

30. Given μ = 72 beasts/minute, n = 25, x̄ = 69 beats/minute and S = 6.5

0

Let the hypothesis be given as

Null hypothesis H0 : μ ≤ 72
Alternative hypothesis Ha : μ > 72
x̄−μ
So, the test statistics, t = =−
0 69−72 3×5
s
=
6.5 6.5
√n
√25

⇒ t = -2.3077
df = 25 - 1 = 24, so t = t0.05 = 1.711 α

∵ t < t , so do not reject H0.

α

Hence, the aerobics program was effective in lowering heart rate.

31. Let p and q be the probability of success and failure.

Consider p = probability of getting a red ball
q = probability of getting a white ball
Let X denotes the number of success in four draws. Then, X can take values 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Clearly, X follows binomial distribution with
and n = 4
6 2 3 1
p = = ,q = =
9 3 9 3

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By using binomial distribution,
4−x x

P(X = x) = 4
Cx (
2

3
) (
1

3
)

0 4

P(X = 0) = 4 2 1 1
C0 ( ) ( ) =
3 3 81

1 3

P(X = 1) = 4 2 1 2 8
C1 ( ) ( ) = 4× =
3 3 81 81

2 2

P(X = 2) = 4
C2 (
2

3
) (
1

3
) = 6×
4

81
=
24

81

3 1

P(X = 3) = 4 2 1 8 32
C3 ( ) ( ) = 4× =
3 3 81 81

4 0

P(X = 4) = 4
C4 (
2

3
) (
1

3
) = 1×
16

81
=
16

81

Hence, the probability distribution is shown below

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X) 1 8 24 32 16

81 81 81 81 81

Now, mean of distribution, E(X) = ∑X⋅ P(X)

1 8 24 32 16
= 0 + 1 + 2 + 3⋅ + 4
81 81 81 81 81

=
1

81
[0 + 8 + 48 + 96 + 64] = 216

81
=
8

and variance of distribution= E(X)2 - [E(X)]2

2
2 8
= ∑X P (X) − ( )
3

2 1 2 8 2 24 2 32 2 16 64
= [0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ⋅ ] −
81 81 81 81 81 9

[0 + 8 + 96 + 288 + 256] −
1 64
=
81 9
648 64 648−576 72 8
= − = = =
81 9 81 81 9

OR

Let p be the probability of getting an odd number in a single throw of a die. Then, probability of getting an even number
is 2p.
We know that,
P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5) + P(6) = 1 ...[∵ Since, Sum of the probabilities = 1]
⇒ p + 2p + p + 2p + p + 2p = 1
9p = 1 ⇒ p =
1
⇒
9

Now,
Probability of getting a perfect square i.e. 1 or 4 in a single throw of a die
= P(1) + P(4) = p + 2p = 3p = 3

9
=
1

Since X denotes the number of perfect squares in two tosses. Therefore, X can take values 0, 1, 2 such that
P (X = 0) = Probability of not getting perfect squares in both the tosses = 2

3
×
2

3
=
4

P (X = 1) = Probability of getting perfect squares in one of the two tosses =

1 2 2 1 4
× + × =
3 3 3 3 9

P (X = 2) = Probability of getting perfect squares in both two tosses = 1

3
×
1

3
=
1

Therefore, the probability distribution of X is given by,

X 0 1 2

P(X) 4

9
4

9
1

Section D

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32. The given information can be summarized in the following tabular form:

Time required to produce products

Machines Max. Machine hours available
Nut Bolt

A 1 3 12

B 3 1 12
Profit (in ₹) 2.50 1.00

Let the manufacturer produce x packages of nuts and y packages of bolts each day. Since machine A takes one hour to
produce one package of nuts and 3 hours to produce one package of bolts. Therefore, the total time required by machine
A to produce x packages of nuts and y packages of bolts is (x + 3y) hours. But machine A operates for at most 12 hours.
∴ x + 3y ≤ 12
Similarly, the total time required by machine B to produce x packages of nuts and y packages of bolts is (3x + y) hours.
But machine B operates for at most 12 hours.
∴ 3x + y ≤ 12
Since the profit on one package of nuts is ₹2.50 and on one package of bolts, the profit is ₹ 1. Therefore, the profit on x
packages of nuts and y packages of bolts is of ₹(250x + y). Let Z denote the total profit. Then, Z = 2.50x + y.
Clearly, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0
Thus, the above LPP can be stated mathematically as follows:
Maximize Z = 2.50x + y
Subject to x + 3y ≤ 12
3x + y ≤ 12
and, x, y ≥ 0
To solve this LPP graphically, we first convert the inequations into equations to obtain the following equations.
x + 3y = 12, 3x + y = 12, x = 0, y = 0
The line x + 3y = 12 meets the coordinate axes at A1(12, 0) and B1(0, 4). Join these two points to obtain the line
represented by x + 3y = 12. The region represented by the inequation x + 3y ≤ 12 is the region containing the origin as x
= 0, y = 0 satisfies the inequation x + 3y ≤ 12.
The line 3x + y = 12 meets the coordinate axes at A2 (4, 0) and B2 (0,12). Join these points to obtain the line represented
by 3x + y = 12. Since x = 0, y = 0 satisfies the inequation 3x + y ≤ 12. So, the region containing the origin and below
the line 3x + y = 12 represents the region represented by 3x + y ≤ 12.
Clearly, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 represent all points in the first quadrant.
Thus, the shaded region OA2 PB1 in the figure represents the feasible region of the given LPP. The coordinates of the
corner points of the feasible region OA2 PB1 are O (0, 0), A2 (4, 0), P (3, 3) and B1 (0, 4). These points are obtained by
solving the corresponding intersecting lines simultaneously.

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The values of the objective function at the comer-points of the feasible region are given in the following table:

Point (x, y) Value of objective function Z = 250x + y

O(0, 0) Z = 2.50 × 0 + 1 × 0 = 0

A2(4, 0) Z = 250 × 4 + 1 × 0 = 10

P(3, 3) Z = 250 × 3 + 1 × 3 = 1050

B1(0, 4) Z = 250 × 0 + 1 × 4 = 4

Clearly, Z is maximum at x = 3, y = 3 and the maximum value of Z is 10.50.

Hence, the optimal production strategy for the manufacturer will be to manufacture 3 packages each of nuts and bolts
daily and in this case his maximum profit will be ₹ 10.50

OR

Let the number of necklaces manufactured be x and y be the number of bracelets manufactured.
As the total number of items are at most 24;
∴ x + y ≤ 24 ...(i)

Necklaces takes half an hour and Bracelets take 1 hour to manufacture.

x items take hours and y items take y hours to manufacture and the total time available is 16 hours.
x
⇒
2

∴
x

2
+ y ≤ 16
∴ x + 2y ≤ 32 ...(ii)
The profit of one necklace is ₹100 and that of the bracelet is ₹300
Let the profit be z

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∴ Z = 100x + 300y ...(iii)

Equations (i), (ii), and (iii) form the LPP.

(0, 0), (0, 16), (16, 8) and (24, 0) are the boundary points.
At (0, 0) Z = 0
At (0, 16) Z = 4800
At (16, 8) Z = 4000
At (24, 0) Z = 2400
Since at least one of each should be produced;
16 necklaces and 8 bracelets should be produced daily for maximum profit.

33. Let the probability distribution of X be

e-m, r = 0, 1, 2, ...
r

P(X = r) =
m

r!

where m > 0
Now, 3P (X = 2) = 2P (X = 1)
2 −m −m
m e me
⇒ 3⋅ = 2⋅( )
2! 1!

⇒
3

2
m2 = 2m ⇒ 3m2 - 4m = 0 ⇒ m(3m - 4) = 0 ⇒ m = 4

3
[∵ m > 0]
Putting m = in (i), we get
4

3
−4
r
4
( ) e 3

P(X = r) = , r = 0, 1, 2, ...
3

r!

Now,
−4

i. P(X = 0) = e 3
= 0.264
−4
3
4
( ) e 3 −4

ii. P(X = 3) = 32
3
= e 3

3! 81

OR

The random variable X is defined on the sample space S given by

S = {TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH}
Note that the string of heads means the sequence of consecutive heads.
Since X denotes the longest string of heads. Therefore,
X (TTT) = 0, X (THT) = 1, X (H T T ) = 1, X(TTH) = 1, X(HTH ) = 1,
X (HHT) = 2, X (THH) = 2 and X (HHH) - 3.
Now, P (X = 0) = P(TTT) = P (T) P(T) (T) = 1

4
×
1

4
×
1

4
=
1

64
⇒ P (X = 0) = 1

64

P (X = 1) = P (THT ∪ HTT ∪ TTH ∪ HTH)

⇒ P(X = 1) = P(THT) + P(HTT) + P(TTH) + P(HTH)
⇒ P (X = 1) = P (T) P (H) P (T) + P (H) P (T) P (T) + P (T) P( T )P (H ) + P(H) P (T) P (H)

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P(X = 1) = 3 ( = P (X = 1) =
1 3 1 3 1 3 18 18
⇒ × × ) + × + ⇒
4 4 4 4 4 4 64 64

P (X = 2) = P(THH ∪ HHT)
⇒ P (X = 2) = P (THH) + P (HHT)
P (X = 2) = P(T)P(H)P(H) + P(H)P(H)P(T) = 2 ( = P(X = 2) =
1 3 3 18 18
⇒ × × ) ⇒
4 4 4 64 64

and, P (X = 3) = P (HHH) = P(H) P(H) P(H) = 3

×
3
×
3
=
27
⇒ P(X = 3) = 27

4 4 4 64 64

So, the probability distribution is as follows:

xi 0 1 2 3

pi 1 18 18 27

64 64 64 64

Calculation of mean and variance

xi pi pixi pi x
2
i

0 1

64
0 0

1 18

64
18

64
18

64

2 18

64
36

64
72

64

3 27

64
81

64
243

64

135 2 333
Σ pi xi = Σ pi x =
64 i 64

Thus, we have Σp i xi =
135

64
and Σp 2
i xi =
333

64

Mean = Σp
135
∴ i xi = = 2.1
64

and, Variance = Σp 2
i xi − ( Mean )
2
= 333

64
− (2.1)
2
= 5.2 - 4.41 = 0.79
Hence, Mean = 21 and Variance = 0.79

34. First, we will find the solutions of the given equations by the hit and trial method and afterward, we will plot the graph of
the equations and shade the side with grey color containing common solutions or intersection of the solution set of each
inequality.
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values which are at x = 0 and y = 0, i.e. x and y-intercepts always.
2x + y ≥ 8

x 0 2 4

y 8 4 0

x + 2y ≥ 10

x 0 2 10

y 5 4 0

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x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

35. It is given that,

Present value of car = 315600
Rate of depreciation (r) = 20%

i. We know that
Value of car 2 years ago = A ÷(1 −
r n
)
100

Substituting the values

= 315600 ÷(1 − 20

100
2
)

By further calculation
= 315600 ×
5 5
×
4 4

= 493125
ii. We know that
Value of car after 3 years = 315600 ×(1 −
20 3
)
100

By further calculation
= 315600 ×
4 4 4
× ×
5 5 5

= 161587.20
Section E
−−−−−−
36. i. √25 − x2
−−−−−−
ii. (x + 5)
√25 − x2

iii. 2.5, -5
OR
15
−
√18.75

37. i. Equated Monthly Installments

ii. Formula to calculate monthly installment is:

n
(1+i)
Installment Amount = n
×(P × i)
(1+i ) −1

annual rate
( )

iii. Given, i =[
12

]
100

12
( )

=[
12

]
100

= 1

100

= 0.01
n = 10 × 12
= 120

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P = ₹ 5,00,000
n
(1+i)
Installment Amount = n
×(P × i)
(1+i ) −1
120
(1+0.01)
Installment Amount = 120
(1+0.01) −1

x (5,00,000 × 0.01)
= 3.300

3.300−1
× 5,000
16,500
= 2300

= ₹ 7173.91 ∼ ₹ 7174
So, EMI that Ram has to pay is ₹ 7174.
OR
Total payment made by Ram to the bank in 10 years = (EMI × Total tenure in months)
= ₹ (7174 × 120)
= ₹ 8,60,880

38. i. Let ₹ A, ₹ B and ₹ C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C will
be given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥ =30000

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

ii. Let ₹ A, ₹ B and ₹ C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C will
be given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥ =23000

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

iii. Let ₹ A, ₹ B and ₹ C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C will
be given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥ = 39000

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

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OR
Total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is given by the following matrix
X 400 300 100 2/100
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 4/100 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
Z 500 400 150 20/100

X 8 + 12 + 20 X 40
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 6 + 10 + 15 ⎥ = Y ⎢ 31 ⎥ = 40
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Z 10 + 16 + 30 Z 56

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