A241_SFT3013_ Laboratory Report

Title: Exploring the Dynamics of Electromagnetic

Fields: A PhET Simulation Study
Part A: Magnetic field due to electric
Objectives current
1) The electromagnetic simulation device
1) To study the magnetic field due to is shown as FIGURE 1. From the PhET
electric current in coil. given pick Electromagnet tab, with fixed
2) To explore Faraday’s law for distance (d = 5cm), use a ruler to measure
electromagnet induction. the distance and the number of loop (let N
= 4), slowly increase the voltage of the DC
Introduction source from 0V to 10V. Record the
magnetic field in Tesla, T, using field
Experiment shows the current, I directly meter. [Note that 1T = 10,000G]
produce the magnetic field B, however 2) Plot graph of magnetic field versus
magnetic field is inversely proportional varying voltage.
with the distance from the wire, r. The 3) Plot a graph of magnetic field versus
proportional relation can be shown by 𝐵 ∝ changing distance of field meter (use a
1 𝜇 ruler to measure the distance) with fixed
with proportional coefficient given is 2𝜋0 ,
𝑟
the number of loop and voltage.
therefore magnetic field becames:
𝜇0 𝐼
𝐵= Part B: Electromagnetic induction
2𝜋 𝑟
But when one considers a coil of wire with
1) Using PhET simulation, choose Pickup
many (loops or called by solenoid),
Coil tab (FIGURE 2) and explore the
equation (1) will change to:
𝜇0 𝑁𝐼 simulation by varying the strength of
𝐵= magnetic bar, the number of loops and
𝑙 loop area. Report your observation.
Where N the number of loop and l is the
length of the coil. 2) Now click transformer tab and repeat
Faraday’s law for electromagnetic the instruction in Pickup Coil tab and
induction is the phenomena of the EMF report your observation
induced from the rate of change of 3) In Generator tab, varies the strength of
magnetic flux through the loop: magnetic bar, the number of loops, loop
∆∅𝐵 area and increase the water flow. Report
= −𝑁 your observation.
∆𝑡
Where the magnetic flux ∅𝐵 is the uniform
magnetic, B field through a loop area A or
∅𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 and N is the number of turns.
The law is very important for operating
principle in electric motor and generators.

Apparatus & Experiment Setup

1) PhET simulation
2) ruler

Methodology /Procedure
A241_SFT3013_ Laboratory Report

brightness increases. Lastly, by increasing

the loop area, increase the interaction
between the magnetic field and the coil
causing more induced current. This can be
seen when the bulb glow brighter.

During the transformer tab, transformer

generates a consistent alternating magnetic
field. When the number of loops is added,
the voltage induced is increases, causing
the bulb to glow brighter. Next, a larger
Results (Data) loop area allows more magnetic flux to
Part A interact, the induced voltage increase
causing the bulb to glow brighter.

During the generator tab, electromagnetic

induction occurs due to relative motion of
the coil and the magnetic field. When the
rotation of the generator crack increases,
the greater induced voltage and current,
resulting the bulb to glow brighter. Next,
Voltage (V)
the increase of number of loops, causing the
induced voltage to increase, resulting the
bulb to glow brighter. Lastly the larger loop
slope of the graph, m area also resulting in increase of induced
0.000189 − 0.0000377
𝑚= voltage and increase the bulb brightness.
10 − 2
= 0.0000189 T/V 2) A stronger magnetic bar creates a greater
magnetic field. This is increase the
magnetic flux that induced higher EMF and
current resulting the bulb to glow brighter
𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 ∝ 𝐵
when the number of loops is increase, the
magnetic flux also increases, making the
bulb brighter
𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 ∝ 𝑁
a larger loop area, increase the interaction
Slope of the graph, m between magnetic field and the coil,
0.0150 − 0.000715 increasing the magnetic flux making the
𝑚 = bulb glow brighter
0.02 − 0
= 0.71425 T/m 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 ∝ 𝐴
When the water flow is increased, increased
Part B the magnetic flux, inducing a higher
1) During the Pickup Coil tab, the strength voltage in
of the bar magnet is added, as the strength
of the magnetic bar is increase, the 3) As the water flow increases, it will turn
magnetic field influence the coil to become the magnet faster, rate of change of
∆∅
stronger, causing the bulb to glow brighter. magnetic flux, ∆tB through the coil increase.
Next by increasing the number of loops of As stated by Faraday’s law, when the rate
the coil increase the amount of induced of change of magnetic flux increases, it will
voltage because more loops intersect with also increase the induced EMF. According
the magnetic field lines cause the bulb
A241_SFT3013_ Laboratory Report

to Ohm’s Law, 𝑃 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 when the induced Conclusion

current increases, the power also increases In this experiment, the experiment is
making the bulb glow brighter. successfully demonstrated that a current-
carrying coil produced magnetic field, the
increasing of field strength is directly
Discussions proportional to the applied voltage.
7.1 I successfully studied that
V=IR Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
𝑉 confirming that EMF is directly
𝐼= proportional to strength of magnetic bar,
𝑅
number of loops and area of the coil.
𝜇0 𝑁𝐼
𝐵=
𝑙 References
Study.com. (n.d.). Magnetic force and
𝐵 field | Formula, equation & relationship.
𝑚=
𝑉 https://study.com/academy/lesson/force-
of-a-magnetic-field-on-a-current-
𝜇0 𝑁𝑉 formula-application.html
𝐵=
𝑙𝑅
𝐵 𝜇0 𝑁 Bensound. (2018, January 5). Bensound -
=
𝑉 𝑙 Happy Rock (No Copyright Music)
𝜇0 𝑁 [Video]. YouTube.
𝑚=
𝑙 https://youtu.be/1BHW5UlsfIo
𝜇0 (4)
0.0000189 =
(0.05) The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2021,
April 10). Faraday’s Law of Induction
𝜇0 = 2.3625 𝑥 10−7H/M Problems, Lenz Law, Motional EMF,
Magnetic Flux, Induced Current [Video].
7.2 YouTube.
Based on the graph, when the value of https://youtu.be/332Kbi9DXo0
distance, d is 11cm, the value of magnetic
field, B is 0.0000121T

7.3
∆∅
𝜀 = −𝑁 ∆tB , ∅B = 𝐵𝐴
dBA
𝜀 = −𝑁
dt

dA
𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴𝜔𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡), = −𝐴𝜔𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)
dt
= −𝐴𝜔
𝜀
𝜀 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔, 𝐼 =
R
𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔
𝐼=
𝑅 SUBMISSION DATE: 6JANUARY2025