COMPUTER NETWORK

Nabilah Aisyah Siregar (1) , Novita WK Siahaan (2) , Isra' Nur Hadrani Nasution (3), Maria
Alysa Claudia (4) , Drs. Dahlan Sitompul (5)

D3 Informatics Engineering Department

Faculty of Math and Science
University of Northern Sumatra

Abstract

A computer network (network) is a communication network that allows computers to

communicate with each other by exchanging data. The purpose of a computer network is to be
able to achieve its goals, every part of a computer network can request and provide services
(service). The service requester/recipient is referred to as the client (client) and the service
provider/sender as the server (server). This model is called a client-server system and is used in
almost all computer network applications. Two computers, each with a network card, are then
connected by cable or radio as a means of communication and the network operating software
forms a simple computer network. If you want to create a computer network with larger
dimensions, additional devices such as connection devices are needed, eg. For example. hubs,
bridges, switches, routers, gateways. The history of computer networks began with the birth of
the concept of computer networks in America in the 1940s, which started with the MODEL I
computer development project from the Bell Laboratory and a Harvard University research
group led by Professor Howard Aiken. Initially, the project wanted to use only one computing
device, which had to be shared. To work on many processes without wasting a lot of free time,
batch processes were created to allow one computer to run many programs with one queue rule.
Then in the 1950s, because the types of computers began to develop through the development of
supercomputers, computers had to serve several available locations (terminals). This is how
computer networks were first used. The history of computer networks began with the birth of the
concept of computer networks in America in the 1940s, which started with the MODEL I
computer development project from the Bell Laboratory and a Harvard University research
group led by Professor Howard Aiken. Initially, the project wanted to use only one computing
device, which had to be shared. To work on many processes without wasting a lot of free time,
batch processes were created to allow one computer to run many programs with one queue rule.
Then in the 1950s, because the types of computers began to develop through the development of
supercomputers, computers had to serve several available locations (terminals). This is how
computer networks were first used. The history of computer networks began with the birth of the
concept of computer networks in America in the 1940s, which started with the MODEL I
computer development project from the Bell Laboratory and a Harvard University research
group led by Professor Howard Aiken. Initially, the project wanted to use only one computing
device, which had to be shared. To work on many processes without wasting a lot of free time,
batch processes were created to allow one computer to run many programs with one queue rule.
Then in the 1950s, because the types of computers began to develop through the development of
supercomputers, computers had to serve several available locations (terminals). This is how
computer networks were first used. which originated from the MODEL I computer development
project from the Bell Laboratory and a Harvard University research group led by Professor
Howard Aiken. Initially, the project wanted to use only one computing device, which had to be
shared. To work on many processes without wasting a lot of free time, batch processes were
created to allow one computer to run many programs with one queue rule. Then in the 1950s,
because the types of computers began to develop through the development of supercomputers,
computers had to serve several available locations (terminals). This is how computer networks
were first used. which originated from the MODEL I computer development project from the
Bell Laboratory and a Harvard University research group led by Professor Howard Aiken.
Initially, the project wanted to use only one computing device, which had to be shared. To work
on many processes without wasting a lot of free time, batch processes were created to allow one
computer to run many programs with one queue rule. Then in the 1950s, because the types of
computers began to develop through the development of supercomputers, computers had to serve
several available locations (terminals). This is how computer networks were first used. the
project wants to use only one computing device, which must be shared. To work on many
processes without wasting a lot of free time, batch processes were created to allow one computer
to run many programs with one queue rule. Then in the 1950s, because the types of computers
began to develop through the development of supercomputers, computers had to serve several
available locations (terminals). This is how computer networks were first used. the project wants
to use only one computing device, which must be shared. To work on many processes without
wasting a lot of free time, batch processes were created to allow one computer to run many
programs with one queue rule. Then in the 1950s, because the types of computers began to
develop through the development of supercomputers, computers had to serve several available
locations (terminals). This is how computer networks were first used. then the computer must
serve several locations (terminals) available. This is how computer networks were first used.
then the computer must serve several locations (terminals) available. This is how computer
networks were first used.

Keywords : History of Computer Networks

1. Introduction For businesses now entering the millennium,

the global internet in particular has become a
The development of information science is daily reality for millions of people around
increasing rapidly, this is evident in the era the world.
of the 80s, computer networks are still a In addition, network hardware and software
mystery that scientists want to answer, and have changed substantially: at the dawn of
in 1988 they started using computer development, almost all networks were built
networks in universities, and in 1988 they
started using computer networks. .
with coaxial cable, today many are built server. This type of design is often referred
with fiber optic or wireless communications. to as a client-server system.
Computer networks allow devices to connect
to each other. As an example: This networked computer must also have at
Transfer files, share resources, and least 1 network card, which is then
communicate electronically connected via cable or wireless as a data
transmission medium and network operating
software to form a simple computer
network. If you want to create a wider
computer network, you need additional
devices such as hubs, switches, routers, etc.
to support it. There are various types of
computer networks that we often see and are
classified according to their range, namely:
1. LAN (local area network)
LAN or Local Area Network is a concept
that connects network devices over
relatively short distances. Usually used
Picture 1. Network Models [2]
for school buildings, offices, homes, etc.
With the development of computing and
This LAN concept usually uses a special
communication technology, a single
connection, especially Ethernet and
computer model that performs all
Token Ring. There is also a local area
organizational computing tasks has now
network that uses wireless or wireless
been replaced by separate computers that are
network technology with WI-FI and is
interconnected with each other in carrying
known as a Wireless Local Area Network
out their duties. Such a system is called a
(WLAN).
computer network. [1]
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
MAN or Metropolitan Area Network is a
2. Discussion / Case Study
concept that connects network devices
Computer network is a communication from one city to another. Meanwhile,
network that allows computers to building a network using a local area
communicate with each other by exchanging network is no longer possible, MAN
data. Computer networks are built using a networks are used because their reach is
combination of hardware and software. wider than LANs, MANs use special
When two or more computers communicate equipment and require
or exchange data with each other, a telecommunications operators to act as a
computer network has a part that receives or link between computer networks.
requests services called a client and a part 3. WAN (Wide Area Network) WAN or
that provides or sends services is called a Wide Area Network is a concept that
connects computer network devices that
cover a very wide area and use very
 sophisticated equipment. Compared to topology includes medium range network
MAN and LAN networks. topology. [4]
The concept of this network itself is usually
used to connect a network from one country
to another, ie. H. between countries and
even between continents. An example of
such a complex device is fiber optics, which
are installed underground or under the sea.
In the development of computer networks,
this cannot be distinguished from the term Picture 3.Ring Topology [5]
topology, where topology can be described 2. ring topology
as the shape or structure of a virtual network Ring topology is a diagram or way of
that refers to the arrangement of connected connecting one computer to another
devices, although this shape does not always through a circuit that forms points
match. the actual physical layout of the where these points are connected to two
network devices. other points in the network. Each point
Network topologies can be classified into on this topology acts as a repeater to
the following basic types, namely: amplify the signal. So each device
works together to receive a signal from
the previous device, then the signal is
forwarded to the next device. [6]

Picture 2.Star Topology [3]

1. Star / Star topology
Star topology is a form of network topology
formed by the convergence of a central node Picture 4.Bus Topology [7]
with each node or user. Each workstation is 3. Bus Topology
directly connected to a server or hub/switch. Bus topology is a type of topology in
Basically this topology uses a hub/switch to computer networks that uses a single
connect one computer to another. The cable as the connection point for all
hub/switch receives the signal from the clients and servers. The use of bus
computer and forwards it to all computers topology in computer networks is used
connected to the hub/switch. Star network to facilitate connections between clients
and servers on the same network,
 making it easier to share information. complex topology compared to other
The bus topology can be used as an network topologies. This type of
alternative, especially if only one server topology is often used by Internet
is responsible for providing services to a Service Providers (ISPs). The idea
small number of clients. [8] behind this topology is that every
computer on the network is
interconnected, so that damaging one
computer does not affect other
computers or the network. [8]
3. Benefits of Network Topology Design

Network topology makes the network

system more structured, planned and clear.
Advantages of Network Topology, namely;
1. The path direction of the Internet
Picture 5.Tree Topology [5] becomes clear, making it easier for
4. Tree topology network engineers to determine it
This tree topology or tree topology is 2. Can minimize network installation costs
actually a combination of the bus because everything in the network
topology and the star topology system. topology is calculated carefully. So there
This is because the switching system is little possibility of an over or under
included in this tree topology is multi- device
level like the switching system that has 3. Facilitates maintenance and updates on
a star topology. The tiered connection the web designer's side. Since everything
system is combined into a bus topology. is installed with great attention to detail,
Where is its role in this bus topology as the labeling of each cable is also a plus.
the backbone or core network. [9] This operation is very simple for the user.
4. Everyone can communicate well with
each other.[11]
4. Advantages of Computer Networks

Computer is a well-known device which is

widely used in this modern time. The
advantage of a computer is that with a
computer network, the main task of the
computer network is to spread information
Picture 6. Mesh Topology [10]
and knowledge from the server computer to
5. Mesh Topology
the client computer that is connected to the
Mesh topology is a computer network
server computer itself. The advantages of
topology that connects all computers
using a computer network that we can get
completely. This topology is the most
from a computer network are as follows:
1. Can share information and data such as Computer networks are currently used
hard drives, printers, modems, etc. This almost everywhere, such as:
computer network also offers efficiency Banks, offices, universities, hospitals,
in terms of turnaround time and hardware tourism, hotels and even households.
acquisition costs. Computerization facilitates many tasks and
2. Can share files from server to client and increases the need for information sharing
to any workstation or client computer. between relevant departments and the need
3. Use that can occur concurrently or with for security and data retention. This
multiple users. requirement is then fulfilled by computer
4. Access the computer network using a network technology. Until now, computer
custom name, password, or settings. And networks have become a community need,
the right to use confidential information therefore basic knowledge about computer
contained on server computers and client networks is needed, especially by the
computers. community.
5. Communication between computer users
can be done via e-mail or LAN Reference
conferencing.
6. Computer user controls and the [1]https://elib.unikom.ac.id/files/disk1/521/
information they contain can be jbptunikompp-gdl-hendihadia-26019-1-
controlled centrally by certain bab1-hen-i.pdf [2] Goff, DR (2003).
individuals, which can increase security Chromatic Dispersion Compensation.
on the computer itself. Olsontech.
7. Can provide convenience in data backup. [2] https://diengcyber.com/tipe-tipe-
8. Existing data is always updated because jaringan-computer-4/
the server computer always updates data
when incoming data is received. [3] https://www.comparitech.com/net-
9. Incoming information does not depend on admin/network-topologies-advantages-
the person to store the information in the disadvantages/
person's absence, because the storage of
[4]https://www.materibelajar.id/2018/04/
this information is centralized.
pengertian-topologi-star.html
5. Conclusion [5]https://tekno.kompas.com/read/
2022/08/16/14150077/6-tipe-topology-
From the explanation above it can be
jaringan-computer-serta-pengertian-
concluded that computer networks are a
advantages-and-misadventures?page=all
solution to people's needs to access
information, which is reflected in the [6] https://bahasall.com/topologi-ring/
increasing use of computer networks, and
small or large coverage. Users of this service [7]https://lmntechnohub.blogspot.com/
are not limited to certain circles, but have 2015/01/bus-topology.html
spread to almost all computer users.
[8] http://teknik-informatika-
s1.stekom.ac.id/formasi/read/Topologi-Bus-
Karakteristik-Cara-Keuntungan-
Kekurangan/
28df49a37330e80de20b9a025e0cfb412ae40
056

[9] https://www.pinhome.id/blog/topologi-
tree/

[10]https://tekno.kompas.com/read/
2022/08/16/14150077/6-tipe-topology-
jaringan-computer-serta-pengertian-
advantages-and-misadventures?page=all

[11] http://teknik-informatika-
s1.stekom.ac.id/formasi/baca/Pengertian-
Topologi-Jaringan-dan-Jenis-Jenisnya/
5e170377e8c03c2965f14b9d1a8f2895ef421
ed5

[12]https://www.academia.edu/40087755/
MAKALAH_JARINGAN_KOMPUTER