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Comprehensive Guide To Grammar 2

The document outlines key components of sentence structure, including subjects, predicates, and objects, as well as types of sentences such as declarative and interrogative. It also covers verb tenses, including simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms. Additionally, it discusses clauses, phrases, and common grammar rules like subject-verb agreement and pronoun-antecedent agreement.

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14 views2 pages

Comprehensive Guide To Grammar 2

The document outlines key components of sentence structure, including subjects, predicates, and objects, as well as types of sentences such as declarative and interrogative. It also covers verb tenses, including simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms. Additionally, it discusses clauses, phrases, and common grammar rules like subject-verb agreement and pronoun-antecedent agreement.

Uploaded by

johnferdinandjohn
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

Sentence Structure
a) Sentence Components

●​ Subject: The main noun or pronoun performing the action.


●​ Predicate: The verb and additional information about the subject.
●​ Object: The entity affected by the verb (direct/indirect).

b) Types of Sentences

1.​ Declarative: Makes a statement (e.g., She loves coffee.)


2.​ Interrogative: Asks a question (e.g., Do you like pizza?)
3.​ Imperative: Gives a command (e.g., Close the door.)
4.​ Exclamatory: Expresses strong emotion (e.g., What a beautiful day!)

3. Verb Tenses
a) Simple Tenses

●​ Present: I eat.
●​ Past: I ate.
●​ Future: I will eat.

b) Continuous (Progressive) Tenses

●​ Present: I am eating.
●​ Past: I was eating.
●​ Future: I will be eating.

c) Perfect Tenses

●​ Present: I have eaten.


●​ Past: I had eaten.
●​ Future: I will have eaten.

d) Perfect Continuous Tenses

●​ Present: I have been eating.


●​ Past: I had been eating.
●​ Future: I will have been eating.
4. Clauses and Phrases
a) Clauses

A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb.

●​ Independent Clause: Can stand alone (e.g., She reads books.)


●​ Dependent Clause: Cannot stand alone (e.g., Because she loves reading.)

b) Phrases

A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb.

●​ Types of Phrases: Noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, adjective phrase,
adverb phrase.
●​ Examples: "The beautiful park" (noun phrase), "running quickly" (verb phrase).

5. Common Grammar Rules


1.​ Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject and verb must agree in number.
○​ Correct: She runs every day.
○​ Incorrect: She run every day.
2.​ Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number
and gender.
○​ Correct: Everyone should bring his or her book.
○​ Incorrect: Everyone should bring their book.
3.​ Modifiers: Place adjectives and adverbs close to the words they modify.
○​ Correct: She almost drove for six hours.
○​ Incorrect: She drove almost for six hours.
4.​ Parallel Structure: Use the same grammatical form in lists.
○​ Correct: She likes swimming, running, and cycling.
○​ Incorrect: She likes swimming, to run, and cycling.
●​

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