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Electrodynamometer Wattmeter

The Electrodynamometer Wattmeter is an instrument that measures power in both AC and DC circuits by utilizing the interaction between magnetic fields of fixed and moving coils. Its construction includes a fixed coil, moving coil, control system, damping mechanism, and a linear scale with a pointer for accurate readings. Errors in measurement can arise from factors such as inductance, capacitance, mutual inductance, eddy currents, stray magnetic fields, and temperature variations.

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11 views5 pages

Electrodynamometer Wattmeter

The Electrodynamometer Wattmeter is an instrument that measures power in both AC and DC circuits by utilizing the interaction between magnetic fields of fixed and moving coils. Its construction includes a fixed coil, moving coil, control system, damping mechanism, and a linear scale with a pointer for accurate readings. Errors in measurement can arise from factors such as inductance, capacitance, mutual inductance, eddy currents, stray magnetic fields, and temperature variations.

Uploaded by

poojagopal162006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrodynamometer Wattmeter:

Definition: The instrument whose working depends on the reaction between the magnetic
field of moving and fixed coils is known as the Electrodynamo-meter Wattmeter. It uses for
measuring the power of both the AC and DC circuits.

The working principle of the Electrodynamometer Wattmeter is very simple and easy. Their
working depends on the theory that the current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic
field experiences a mechanical force. This mechanical force deflects the pointer which is
mounted on the calibrated scale.

Construction of Electrodynamometer Wattmeter

The following are the important parts of the Electrodynamometer Wattmeter.

1. Fixed coil – The fixed coil connects in series with the load. It is considered as a
current coil because the load current flows through it. For making the
construction easy the fixed coil divide into two parts. And these two elements
are parallel connected to each other. The fixed coil produces the
uniform electric field which is essentials for the working of the instruments. The
current coil of the instruments is designed to carry the current of approximately
20 amperes for saving the power.
2. Moving Coil – The moving coil consider as the pressure coil of the
instruments. It connects in parallel with the supply voltage. The current flows
through them is directly proportional to the supply voltage. The pointer mounts
on the moving coil. The movement of the pointer controls with the help of the
spring. The current flows through the coil increases their temperature. The
flows of currents control with the help of resistor which connects in series with
the moving coil.
3. Control – The control system provides the controlling torque to the
instruments. The gravity control and the spring control are the two types of
control system. Out of two, the Electrodynamometer Wattmeter uses spring
control system. The spring control system is used for the movement of the
pointer.
4. Damping – The damping is the effect which reduces the movement of the
pointer. In this Wattmeter the damping torque produces because of the air
friction. The other types of damping are not used in the system because they
destroy the useful magnetic flux.
5. Scales and pointers – The instruments use a linear scale because their moving
coil moves linearly. The apparatus uses the knife edge pointer for removing the
parallax error which causes because of oversights.
Working of Electrodynamometer Wattmeter

The Electrodynamometer Wattmeter has two types of coils; fixed and the moving coil. The
fixed coil connects in series with the circuit whose power consumption use to be measured.
The supply voltage applies to the moving coil. The resistor controls the current across the
moving coil, and it is connected in series with it.

The pointer is fixed on the moving coil which is placed between the fixed coils. The current
and voltage of the fixed and moving coil generate the two magnetic fields. And the
interaction of these two magnetic fields deflects the pointer of the instrument. The
deflection of the pointer is directly proportional to the power flows through it.

Theory of Electrodynamometer Wattmeter

The circuit diagram of the electrodynamometer wattmeter is shown in the figure below.
The instantaneous torque acts on the pointer of the wattmeter and is given by the

equation

Where, ip – pressure coil current


ic– current coil current
dm/dθ – the rate of change of deflection of pointer concerning angle θ

The voltage across the pressure coil of the circuit is given as

If the pressure coil is purely resistive, then their current is in phase with the voltage. And
the value of current is given by the

equation.

If the current coil lag by a voltage in phase angle Φ, the current through the current coil is
given as

ip = √2Isin(ωt-∅)
The value of the current in the pressure coil is very small. Hence the current flows through
the pressure coil is considered as the total load current. The torque acts on the coils
becomes

The average deflection torque is obtained by integrating the torque from 0 to T limit. The
average deflection torque of the coil is given as

The controlling torque exerted on the spring is given by

Errors in Electrodynamometer Wattmeter

The following are the errors in the Electrodynamometer Wattmeter

1. Pressure Coil Inductance – The pressure coil of the Electrodynamometer has


some inductance. Because of the inductance, the current of the pressure coils
lags behind the voltage. Thus, the power factor of the wattmeter becomes
lagging, and the meter reads high reading.
2. Pressure Coil Capacitance – The pressure coil has capacitances along with the
inductance. This capacitance increases the power factor of the instrument.
Hence causes the error in the reading.
3. Error due to Mutual Inductance Effect – The mutual inductance between the
pressure and current coil produces an error.
4. Eddy Current Error – The eddy current induces in the coil creates its own
magnetic field. This field affects the main current flows through the coil. Thus,
the error occurs in the reading.
5. Stray Magnetic Field – The stray magnetic field disturbs the main magnetic
field of the Electrodynamic Wattmeter. Thus, affect their reading.
6. Temperature Error – The variation in temperature will change the resistance of
the pressure coil. The movement of the spring, which provides the controlling
torque also affected because of the temperature change. Thereby, the error
occurs in the reading.

The calibration of the electrodynamometer wattmeter is same both for the AC and DC
measurement.

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