T Madhu KIRAN

VU21CSEN0100008

Computer Engineering Workshop

Task-1

What Does Peripheral Mean?

A peripheral is any computing device or equipment that is part of the
computer but doesn’t perform any core computing process. It is an
externally or internally connected device that adds up or complements
the host computer's capabilities or functionality in some form.

What Are the Peripheral Devices of a

Computer?
Computers are used to accomplish many tasks. A basic desktop computer
desktop includes the computing unit plus a monitor, keyboard, and
mouse. Add even more peripherals to the computer, and the computer
will be able to do that many more tasks. But, what are computer
peripherals? A computer peripheral, technically speaking, is any device
that connects to the computing unit but is not part of the core
architecture of the computing unit. The core computing unit consists of
the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, and power supply. The
case that surrounds these elements are also considered part of the core
computing unit. So anything that is connected to these elements is
considered a peripheral.
 The monitor is a peripheral

The following is a list of computer peripherals.

 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Monitor
 RAM
 DVD-ROM
 Microphone
 Webcam
 Printer

All of these are peripherals because they all are extra

accessories that connect with the main computing unit
to provide extra power and abilities. RAM, for example,
gives the computer more room to process more
operations more quickly.

Above are the few Peripheral Devices.

1)Keyboard:

A keyboard is one of the primary input devices used with a

computer. A keyboard is composed of buttons used to
create letters, numbers, and symbols, and perform additional
functions.

2)Mouse:

A computer mouse is a handheld hardware input device that

controls a cursor in a GUI (graphical user interface) for pointing,
moving and selecting text, icons, files, and folders on your computer.
3)Hard disk:

A hard disk is the most important input/output device. It provides

both input and output functionalities. When a computer reads data
from the hard disk, the hard disk provides input functionality.

4)Printer:

A printer is another important output device. It prints the given

output. After printing, the output is permanently stored on the
paper.
5)Hard disk:

A hard disk is the most important input/output device. It provides

both input and output functionalities. When a computer reads data
from the hard disk, the hard disk provides input functionality.

6)Monitor:

The most common output device, monitors enable users to interact

with a computer more easily. The monitor essentially displays a
signal sent by the computer in a visual format.
Computer Block Diagram

1. Input Unit: This unit contains devices with the help of which we
enter data into computer. This unit makes link between user and
computer. The input devices translate the information into the form
understandable by computer.

2. Output Unit: Output unit consists of devices with the help of

which we get the information from computer. This unit is a link
between computer and users. Output devices translate the
computer's output into the form understandable by users.

CPU (Central Processing Unit): CPU is considered as the brain of

the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
It stores data, intermediate results and instructions (program). It
controls the operation of all parts of computer.
CPU itself has following three components

⚫ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

⚫ Memory Unit Control Unit

3. Memory or Storage Unit: This unit can store instructions, data

and intermediate results. This unit supplies information to the other
units of the computer when needed. It is also known as internal
storage unit or main memory or primary storage or Random access
memory (RAM).
Its size affects speed, power and capability, Primary memory and
secondary memory are two types of memories in the computer.

4. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): This unit consists of two

subsections namely

i. Arithmetic section , ii. Logic Section

i. Arithmetic Section: Function of arithmetic section is to

perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction,
 multiplication and division. All complex operations are done
by making repetitive use of above operations.
ii. Logic Section: Function of logic section is to perform logic
operations such as comparing, selecting, matching and
merging of data.

PC: A personal computer is a computer small and low cost, which

is intended for personal use (or for use by a small group of
individuals). The term "personal computer" is used to describe
desktop computers (desktops). It is often shortened to the
acronym PC or microcomputer, whose meaning in English is
"personal computer"..
Personal Computer (acronym PC) consists of a central processing
unit (CPU) contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry on
an single (IC) integrated circuit; two types of memory. main
memory, such as RAM, and ROM, magnetic hard disks (HDD) and
compact discs and various input/output devices, including a
display screen, keyboard and mouse, modem, and printer.

Input/Output(I/O) Devices:
Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Microphone, Webcam,
Scanner etc.
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Projector, Headphones
etc.
Input/Output(I/O) Ports: IO ports are used to connecting IO device
such as key boards, mouse, monitor, printer, scanner, speakers etc.

Ports are of two types:

 Internal port − It connects the motherboard to internal devices
like hard disk drive, CD drive, internal modem, etc.
 External port − It connects the motherboard to external devices
like modem, mouse, printer, flash drives, etc.

COMPUTER HARDWARE:

1)Mother Board: A motherboard is one of the most essential parts

of a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial
components of a computer, including the central processing unit
(CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices.
2)Random Access Memory (RAM): is an acronym for random access
memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed
randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without
touching the preceding bytes. RAM is found in servers, PCs, tablets,
smartphones and other devices, such as printers.
There are two types of RAM Slots:

a) SD RAM: Two gaps (Synchronous DRAM) ) is a generic name for

various kinds of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that are
synchronized with the clock speed that the microprocessor is
optimized for.

b)DDR RAM: One Gap (Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM) A

clock is used to read data from a DRAM. DDR memory reads data
on both the rising and falling edge of the clock, achieving a faster
data rate.
 3)Read Only Memory (ROM): It is a memory device or storage
medium that stores information permanently. It is also the
primary memory unit of a computer along with the random access
memory (RAM).

Cache Memory:

cache memory, also called cache,

supplementary memory system that temporarily stores
frequently used instructions and data for quicker
processing by the central processing unit(CPU) of
a computer. The cache augments, and is
an extension of, a computer’s main memory. Both main
memory and cache are internal random-access
memories (RAMs) that use semiconductor-
based transistor circuits.
Server:

A server is a software or hardware device that accepts

and responds to requests made over a network. The
device that makes the request, and receives a response
from the server, is called a client. On the Internet, the
term "server" commonly refers to the computer system
that receives requests for web files and sends those
files to the client.