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NIC Full Form: NIC Network Interface Card

NIC stands for Network Interface Card, essential for connecting devices to a network, functioning at layer 2 of the OSI model and utilizing MAC addresses. VPI, or Virtual Path Identifier, is an 8-bit field in ATM cell headers used for establishing virtual paths in data communication. Both NIC and VPI have distinct advantages and disadvantages related to connectivity, speed, and complexity.

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15 views5 pages

NIC Full Form: NIC Network Interface Card

NIC stands for Network Interface Card, essential for connecting devices to a network, functioning at layer 2 of the OSI model and utilizing MAC addresses. VPI, or Virtual Path Identifier, is an 8-bit field in ATM cell headers used for establishing virtual paths in data communication. Both NIC and VPI have distinct advantages and disadvantages related to connectivity, speed, and complexity.

Uploaded by

tanzir ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NIC Full Form

NIC stands for Network Interface Card NIC is additionally


called Ethernet or physical or network card. NIC is one of the
major and imperative components to associate a gadget to the
network. Each gadget that must be associated with a network
must have a network interface card. Even the switches comprise
of NIC in arrange to associate to the systems. It is the foremost
essential network component without which you cannot interface
any gadget to a network. It could be a circuit board or a card
which is introduced in the computer or PC so that it acts as an
arbiter for organizing and computer or PC. It is shown on layer 2
of the OSI show which is an information interface layer that
employs MAC address. In a straightforward frame, it can be
clarified as the programmable card which changes over the
address to electrical signals through the cables to the web and
bad habit versa like ethernet and for remote, it changes over the
bits to radio signals and bad habit versa like Wifi.
Network Interface Card Diagram

Characteristics of NIC
 Physical network address All network connectors have
a universally interesting physical address burned onto the
card by the card producer. The physical address
extraordinarily recognizes each individual card that
interfaces to the network cable or media. For this reason,
the physical address is additionally called the Media
Access Control (MAC) address. MAC addresses are six
bytes long. An ordinary MAC address might appear as 00-
00-86-47-F6-65, where the primary three bytes are the
merchant ID and the other three are special information.
 Network connection port Network connector cards will
have one or more ports that are arranged to put through
particularly to a given sort of arranging cable. A few more
seasoned cards might have double ports so that they can
interface to more than one network cable sort. Be beyond
any doubt to choose a card with a port that matches the
network media to utilize in your environment.
 Status indicator lights Network connectors ordinarily
have one or more Light Emanating Diode (Led) status
lights that can give data on the state of the network
association. Most connectors have an interface lights that
demonstrates in the event that there’s a flag from the
organize. If the interface isn’t list, there’s, by and large,
an issue with the cable or the physical connection. Most
connectors have a movement light that flashes when
parcels are calmed or sent. On the off chance that the
light flickers constantly, the organization can be abused
or there could be a framework creating arrange clamor.
Advantages of NIC
 The communication speed utilizing the Web is high
ordinarily in Gigabytes.
 Highly dependable connection.
 Many peripheral gadgets can be associated with utilizing
numerous ports of NIC cards.
 Bulk information can be shared among numerous clients.
Disadvantages of NIC
 Badly arranged in case of wired cable NIC, because it
isn’t versatile like a remote router
 The arrangement ought to be appropriate for superior
communication.
 Data is unsecured.
VPI Full Form
VPI Stands for Virtual Path Identifier. Its a Combination of an
8-bit field in the header of an ATM cell. It is Basically used for
Data Communication Identifier that Established a Virtual path for
an asynchronous transfer mode. It is a process of sending data in
Small Data Packets.
How is VPI Formatted?
VPI is are 8 to 16-bit Numeric headers Inside each ATM Cell
packet. And Size of an ATM cell is 53 bits. Transmission Path is
used optical Fibers that provide high-Speed Data transmission.
Its Divide the Virtual Connection identifier into two parts
The first one is Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Circuit Identifier
is allowed Hierarchically. In an Asynchronous Transfer mode,
most of the Switch is routed using VPIs.
Functioning:
virtual path and virtual circuit established connection between
two endpoints of a fiber or transmission path. A physical fiber
may consist of many virtual paths. A virtual path established a
connection between two switches. Cell networks are based on
virtual circuits. Cells belonging to one message follow the same
virtual circuits. There are a number of virtual paths that utilize
media bandwidth. If media bandwidth is M and there are N VPs
then each VP has a bandwidth M/N. Every virtual path is divided
into several virtual channels. VPI determines the VP for each
particular user and their usage.
What is Virtual Path?
In the ATM header, the bandwidth of the communication route is
mostly classified into separate virtual paths using their VPIs.
Each VP is allowed a fixed bandwidth. The functionality of VPI is
like the functionality of DLCI in Frame Relay
Characteristics:
 Using the optical fibers and virtual path identifiers, the
quality of services in data connection and bandwidth has
improved significantly.
 There are specified by parameters and usage which
makes the process standardized.
 That allows uninterrupted connection switching and
semipermanent virtual connections are present.
 The virtual channel identifier refers to the channel/circuit
in use,
 while the VPI corresponds to the appropriate path to the
desired destination host.
Applications:
 VPI is used to connect end-users.
 manages data and signals between end to end-user.
 VPI also helps to find usage between the end-user and
the network entity.
 It matches the appropriate path to the desired
destination ho
Advantages:
 VPI help to reduce the complexity of network design and
provides a simpler network.
 It also helps in consistency and network performance
improvement.
 It reduces setup timings and processing of small
connections.
 it tells the switch’s location to route the packet of
information, or what respective path to take.
 The VPI works in conjunction with the Virtual Channel
Identifier (VCI) to enable the entire ATM cell switching
network. ATM cells form virtual circuits and paths for
various networks within the entire channel
communication capability.
Disadvantages:
 Complexity: VPI can be complex to set up and maintain,
especially for those who are not familiar with networking
technologies.
 Dependence on the public network: VPI is dependent on
the public network, which can be subject to performance
and security issues.
 Performance: VPI can be affected y network latency and
bandwidth limitations, which can impact performance.

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