B.

Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Sponsored by CMR Educational Society
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via Hakimpet), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India.
Contact Number: 040-23792146/64634237, E-Mail ID: [email protected], website: www.mrcet.ac.in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
(Batches admitted from the academic year 2015 - 2016)

Note: The regulations hereunder are subject to amendments as may be made by the Academic Council of
the College from time to time. Any or all such amendments will be effective from such date and to such
batches of candidates (including those already pursuing the program) as may be decided by the
Academic Council.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

PRELIMINARY DEFINITIONS AND NOMENCLATURES

 ”Autonomous Institution /College” means an institution/college designated as

autonomous institute / college by University Grants Commission (UGC), as per the UGC
Autonomous College Statutes.

 “Academic Autonomy” means freedom to a College in all aspects of conducting its

academic programs, granted by the University for promoting excellence.

 “Commission” means University Grants Commission.

 “AICTE” means All India Council for Technical Education.

 “University” the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.

 “College” means Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology, Secunderabad

unless indicated otherwise by the context.

 “Program” means:
 Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) degree program
 UG Degree Program: B.Tech

 “Branch” means specialization in a program like B.Tech degree program in Electronics &
Communication Engineering, B.Tech degree program in Computer Science and
Engineering etc.

 “Course” or “Subject” means a theory or practical subject, identified by its course –

number and course-title, which is normally studied in a semester.

 T–Tutorial, P–Practical, D–Drawing, L-Theory, C-Credits

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

FOREWORD

The autonomy is conferred on Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology (MRCET) by UGC based
on its performance as well as future commitment and competency to impart quality education. It is a
mark of its ability to function independently in accordance with the set norms of the monitoring bodies
like UGC and AICTE. It reflects the confidence of the UGC in the autonomous institution to uphold and
maintain standards it expects to deliver on its own behalf and thus awards degrees on behalf of the
college. Thus, an autonomous institution is given the freedom to have its own curriculum, examination
system and monitoring mechanism, independent of the affiliating University but under its observance.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology (MRCET)is proud to win the credence of all the above
bodies monitoring the quality in education and has gladly accepted the responsibility of sustaining, and
also improving upon the values and beliefs for which it has been striving for more than a decade in
reaching its present standing in the arena of contemporary technical education. As a follow up, statutory
bodies like Academic Council and Boards of Studies are constituted with the guidance of the Governing
Body of the College and recommendations of the JNTU Hyderabad to frame the regulations, course
structure and syllabi under autonomous status.

The autonomous regulations, course structure and syllabi have been prepared after prolonged and
detailed interaction with several experts drawn from academics, industry and research, in accordance
with the vision and mission of the college which reflects the mindset of the institution in order to
produce quality engineering graduates to the society.

All the faculty, parents and students are requested to go through all the rules and regulations carefully.
Any clarifications, if needed, are to be sought at appropriate time and with principal of the college,
without presumptions, to avoid unwanted subsequent inconveniences and embarrassments. The
Cooperation of all the stake holders is sought for the successful implementation of the autonomous
system in the larger interests of the institution and brighter prospects of engineering graduates.

“A thought beyond the horizons of success committed for educational excellence”

PRINCIPAL

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Sponsored by CMR Educational Society
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via Hakimpet), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India.
Contact Number: 040-23792146/64634237, E-Mail ID: [email protected], website: www.mrcet.ac.in

VISION
 To establish a pedestal for the integral innovation, team spirit, originality and
competence in the students, expose them to face the global challenges and become
technology leaders of Indian vision of modern society.
MISSION
 To become a model institution in the fields of Engineering, Technology and
Management.
 To impart holistic education to the students to render them as industry ready engineers.
 To ensure synchronization of MRCET ideologies with challenging demands of
International Pioneering Organizations.
QUALITY POLICY
 To implement best practices in Teaching and Learning process for both UG and PG
courses meticulously.
 To provide state of art infrastructure and expertise to impart the quality education.

 To groom the students to become intellectually creative and professionally competitive.

 To channelize the activities and tune them in heights of commitment and sincerity, the
requisites to claim the never ending ladder of SUCCESS year after year.

For more information: www.mrcet.ac.in

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS FOR B. TECH. (REGULAR)

Applicable for the students of B. Tech. (Regular) from the Academic Year 2015-16 and onwards
1. Award of B. Tech. Degree
A student will be declared eligible for the award of B. Tech. Degree if he fulfills the following academic
regulations:
1.1 The candidate shall pursue a course of study for not less than four academic years and not more
than eight academic years.
1.2 After eight academic years of course of study, the candidate is permitted to write the examinations
for two more years.
1.3 The candidate shall register for 192 credits and secure 192 credits with compulsory subjects as listed
in Table-1
Table 1: Compulsory Subjects
S.No Subject Particulars
1 All practical Subjects
2 Mini Project
3 Technical Seminar
4 Project Work

1.4 In addition to 1.3, the candidate has to register for Mandatory courses (Non-credit course), 50% of
scoring is required for the award of the degree.
2. The students, who fail to fulfill all the academic requirements for the award of the degree within ten
academic years from the year of their admission, shall forfeit their seats in B. Tech. course.
3. Courses of study
The following courses of study are offered at present as specializations for the B. Tech. Course:

S.No Department
01 Aeronautical Engineering
02 Computer Science Engineering
03 Electronics & Communication Engineering
04 Information Technology
05 Mechanical Engineering
06 Mining Engineering

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

4. Credits
Semester
Particulars
Periods per week Credits
05 04
Theory
04 03
Practical 03 02
03 02
Drawing
06 04
Mini Project -- 04
Technical Seminar 06 02
Major Project 15 10
*Duration of each period is 50 minutes.
5. Distribution and Weightage of Marks
5.1 The performance of a student in each semester shall be evaluated subject-wise for a maximum of
100 marks for a theory and 75 marks for a practical subject. In addition, Mini Project, Technical seminar
and Major Project work shall be evaluated for 100, 50 and 300 marks, respectively.
5.2 For theory subjects the distribution shall be 25 marks for Internal Evaluation and 75 marks for the
End-Examination.
5.3 For theory subjects, during a semester there shall be 2 mid-term examinations. Each mid- term
examination consists of a descriptive paper and assignment. The descriptive paper shall be for 20 marks
with a total duration of 2 hours. The descriptive paper shall contain 6 full questions out of which, the
student has to answer 4 questions, each carrying 5 marks. While the first mid-term examination shall be
conducted from 1 to 2 units of the syllabus, the second mid-term examination shall be conducted from 3
to 5 units. Five (5) marks are allocated for Assignments (as specified by the subject teacher concerned).
The first Assignment should be submitted before the conduct of the first mid-examination, and the
second Assignment should be submitted before the conduct of the second mid-examination. The total
marks secured by the student in each mid-term examination are evaluated for 25 marks, and the
average of the two mid-term examinations shall be taken as the final marks secured by each candidate.
However, if any student is absent/scoring internal marks less than 40% in any subject of a mid-term
examination he/she will be given a chance to write the internal exam once again after he/she re-
registering for the internal exam in the concerned subject and paying stipulated fees as per the norms.
The end examination will be conducted for 75 marks with Part A as a compulsory question for 25 marks.
Part B is for maximum of 50 marks with 5 questions consisting of two parts each (a) and (b), out of which
the student has to answer either (a) or (b), not both. Each question in Part B carries 10 marks.
5.4 For practical subjects there shall be a continuous evaluation during a semester for 25 sessional
marks and 50 end semester examination marks. Out of the 25 marks for internal evaluation, day-to-day
work in the laboratory shall be evaluated for 15 marks and internal practical examination shall be
evaluated for 10 marks conducted by the laboratory teacher concerned. The end semester examination
shall be conducted with an external examiner and the laboratory teacher. The external examiner shall
be appointed from the clusters of colleges which are decided by the examination branch of the College.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

5.5 For the subject having design and/or drawing, (such as Engineering Graphics, Engineering Drawing,
Machine Drawing) and Estimation, the distribution shall be 25 marks for internal evaluation (15 marks
for day-to-day work and 10 marks for internal tests) and 75 marks for end semester examination. There
shall be two internal tests in a Semester and the average of the two shall be considered for the award of
marks for internal tests.
5.6 There shall be a Mini Project to be taken up during the vacation after III year II Semester
examination. However, the Mini-Project and its report shall be evaluated along with the Major Project
work in IV year II Semester. The Mini Project shall be submitted in a report form and presented before
the committee. It shall be evaluated for 100 marks. The committee consists of an External Examiner,
Head of the Department, and the Supervisor of the Mini Project and a Senior Faculty member of the
department. There shall be no internal marks for Mini Project.
5.7 There shall be a Technical Seminar presentation in IV year II Semester. For the seminar, the student
shall collect the information on a specialized topic and prepare a technical report, showing his
understanding of the topic, and submit it to the department. It shall be evaluated by the departmental
committee consisting of head of the department, seminar supervisor and a senior faculty member. The
seminar report shall be evaluated for 50 marks. There shall be no external examination for the seminar.
5.8 Out of a total of 300 marks for the Major Project work, 100 marks shall be allotted for Internal
Evaluation and 200 marks for the End Semester Examination (Viva Voce). The End Semester Examination
of the Major Project work shall be conducted by the same committee as appointed for the mini-project.
In addition, the project supervisor shall also be included in the committee. The topics for mini project,
seminar and project work shall be different from one another. The evaluation of project work shall be
made at the end of the IV year. The Internal Evaluation shall be on the basis of two seminars given by
each student on the topic of his project.
5.9 The Laboratory marks and the sessional marks awarded by the College are subject to scrutiny and
scaling by the college wherever necessary. In such cases, the sessional and laboratory marks awarded by
the College will be referred to Academic Council. The Academic Council will arrive at a scaling factor and
the marks will be scaled accordingly. The recommendations of the Academic Council are final and
binding. The laboratory records and internal test papers shall be preserved in the College as per the
Affiliation University rules and produced before the Committees/Academic Council as and when asked
for.
6. Attendance Requirements
6.1 A student is eligible to write the University examinations only if he acquires a minimum of 75% of
attendance in aggregate of all the subjects.
6.2 Condonation of shortage of attendance in aggregate up to 10% (65% and above and below 75%) in
each semester or I year may be granted by the College Academic Committee
6.3 Shortage of Attendance below 65% in aggregate shall not be condoned.
6.4 A student who is short of attendance in semester may seek re-admission into that semester when
offered within 4 weeks from the date of the commencement of class work.
6.5 Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned in any semester are not eligible to write
their end semester examination of that class and their registration stands cancelled.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

6.6 A stipulated fee as determined by the examination branch shall be payable towards condonation of
shortage of attendance.
6.7 A student will be promoted to the next semester if he satisfies the attendance requirement of the
present semester, as applicable, including the days of attendance in sports, games, NCC and NSS
activities.
6.8 If any candidate fulfills the attendance requirement in the present semester, he shall not be
eligible for readmission into the same class.
7. Course Registration:
7.1 Every student has to register for a set of Courses in each Semester, with the total number of their
Credits being limited by considering the permissible weekly Contact Hours (typically: 30/Week); For this,
an average Course Registration of minimum 20 Credits/Semester (e.g., 6-7 Courses) and a maximum of
28 credits are generally acceptable on recommendation of concerned academic advisor by satisfying the
pre-requisite conditions.
7.2 Approval of the Course Registration will be informed by the concerned Head of the Department on
the beginning of the semester by taking the number of students registered (minimum one-third
students per class) and availability of the faculty into consideration.
7.3 Dropping of the Course Registration can be permitted up to two weeks from the commencement of
the semester. Thereafter no droppings are permitted.
7.4 Interchanging of Course Registrations are not permitted.
7.5 The Pre-requisite conditions for the additional course(s) registration by the students are based on
the slots available in the Time Table, Class rooms and Faculty availability.
8. Minimum Academic Requirements
The following academic requirements have to be satisfied in addition to the attendance requirements
mentioned in item no.6.
8.1 A student is deemed to have satisfied the minimum academic requirements if he has earned the
credits allotted to each theory/practical design/drawing subject/project and secures not less than 35%
of marks in the end semester exam, and minimum 40% of marks in the sum total of the mid-term and
end semester exams.
8.2 A student will not be promoted from I Year to II Year unless he fulfills the academic requirement of
24 credits out of 48 credits of I year two semesters from all the examinations and secures prescribed
minimum attendance in I year.
8.3 A student will not be promoted from II year to III year unless he fulfills the academic requirement of
48 credits out of 96 credits up to II year II semester, from all the examinations, whether or not the
candidate takes the examinations and secures prescribed minimum attendance in II year II semester.
8.4 A student shall be promoted from III year to IV year only if he fulfills the academic requirements of
72 credits out of 144 credits up to III year II semester, from all the examinations, whether or not the
candidate takes the examinations and secures prescribed minimum attendance in III year II semester.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

8.5 A student shall register and put up minimum attendance in all 192 credits and earn 192 credits.
Marks obtained in the 192 credits shall be considered for the calculation of percentage of marks.
8.6 Students who fail to earn 192 credits as indicated in the course structure within ten academic years
(8 years of study + 2 years additionally for appearing for exams only) from the year of their admission,
shall forfeit their seat in B.Tech. course and their admission stands cancelled.
However, the minimum academic requirements in terms of percentage of credits and attendance for
the promotion to the next higher semester/year will adhere to affiliating university JNTUH,
Hyderabad
9. Course pattern
9.1 The entire course of study is for four academic years. I,II, III and IV years shall be on semester
pattern.
9.2 A student, eligible to appear for the end examination in a subject, but absent from it or has failed in
the end semester examination, may write the exam in that subject during the period of supplementary
exams.
9.3 When a student is detained for lack of credits/shortage of attendance, he may be re-admitted into
the next semester. However, the academic regulations under which he was first admitted shall continue
to be applicable to him.
10. Award of Class
In assessing the performance of the students in examinations, the usual approach is to award marks
based on the examinations conducted at various stages (sessional, mid-term, end-semester etc.,) in a
semester. As per UGC Autonomous guidelines, the following system is implemented in awarding the
grades and CGPA under the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS).
Letter Grades and Grade Points:
The UGC recommends a 10-point grading system with the following letter grades as given below:

Grades Points Marks secured (%)

O (Outstanding) 10 ≥ 90
A+(Excellent) 9 85 – 89
A(Very Good) 8 75 – 84
B+(Good) 7 70 – 74
B(Above Average) 6 60 – 69
C(Average) 5 50 – 59
P(Pass) 4 40 – 49
F(Fail) 0 <40
Ab(Absent) 0 -

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

A student obtaining Grade F shall be considered failed and will be required to reappear in the
examination
Computation of SGPA and CGPA
The UGC recommends the following procedure to compute the Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA)
and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA):
i. The SGPA is the ratio of sum of the product of the number of credits with the grade points scored by a
student in all the courses taken by a student and the sum of the number of credits of all the courses
undergone by a student, i.e
SGPA (Si) = Σ(Ci x Gi) / ΣCi
where Ci is the number of credits of the ith course and Gi is the grade point scored by the student in the
ith course.
ii. The CGPA is also calculated in the same manner taking into account all the courses undergone by a
student over all the semesters of a programme, i.e.
CGPA = Σ(Ci x Si) / Σ Ci
where Si is the SGPA of the ith semester and Ci is the total number of credits in that semester.
iii. The SGPA and CGPA shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points and reported in the transcripts.
11 Minimum Instruction Days
The minimum instruction days for each semester shall be 90days.
12 There shall be no branch transfers after the completion of the admission process.
13 WITHHOLDING OF RESULTS
If the student has not paid the dues, if any, to the university or if any case of indiscipline is pending
against him, the result of the student will be withheld and he will not be allowed into the next semester.
His degree will be withheld in such cases.
14. TRANSITORY REGULATIONS
14.1 Discontinued, detained, or failed candidates are eligible for readmission as and when next offered.
14.2 After the revision of the regulations, the students of the previous batches will be given two chances
for passing in their failed subjects, one supplementary and the other regular. If the students cannot clear
the subjects in the given two chances, they shall be given equivalent subjects as per the revised
regulations which they have to pass in order to obtain the required number of credits.
14.3 In case of transferred students from other Universities, the credits shall be transferred to JNTUH as
per the academic regulations and course structure of the MRCET.
15. General
15.1 Wherever the words he , him , his , occur in the regulations, they include she , her , hers .

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

15.2 The academic regulation should be read as a whole for the purpose of any interpretation.
15.3 In case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of the above rules, the decision of the
Principal is final.
15.4 The regulations hereunder are subject to amendments as may be made by the Academic Council of
the College from time to time. Any or all such amendments will be effective from such date and to such
batches of candidates (including those already pursuing the program) as may be decided by the
Academic Council.
15.5 The students seeking transfer to colleges affiliated to JNTUH from various other
Universities/Institutions, have to pass the failed subjects which are equivalent to the subjects of
prescribed curriculum of the institute, and also pass the subjects of prescribed curriculum of the
institute which the candidates have not studied at the earlier Institution on their own without the right
to sessional marks. Further, though the students have passed some of the subjects at the earlier
institutions, if the same subjects are prescribed in different semesters of prescribed curriculum of the
institute, the candidates have to study those subjects in prescribed curriculum of the institute in spite of
the fact that those subjects are repeated.

16. PRE-REQUISITES FOR CORE ELECTIVES

Core Elective Subject Title of the Subject Pre-Requisite Pre-Requisite

Number Code Subject Code Subject Title
R15A0411 Digital System Design R15A0407 Switching Theory and
Logic Design
1 R15A0412 Design of Fault Tolerance R15A0407 Switching Theory and
Systems Logic Design
R15A0204 Digital Control Systems R15A0203 Control Systems
R15A0417 Electronic Measurements R15A0401 Electronic Devices and
& Instruments Circuits
2
R15A0418 Optical Communications R15A0011 Engineering Physics-1
R15A0419 Data Communications R15A0409 Analog Communications
R15A0423 Satellite Communications R15A0409 Analog Communications
R15A0413 Digital Communications
3 R15A0425 Embedded System Design R15A0414 Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers
R15A0425 Television Engineering R15A0404 Pulse and Digital Circuits
R15A0426 Digital Image Processing R15A0415 Digital Signal Processing
R15A0427 Speech Processing R15A0415 Digital Signal Processing
4
R15A0428 Multimedia & Signal
R15A0415 Digital Signal Processing
Coding

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

R15A0429 Radar Systems R15A0416 Antennas and Wave

Propagation
5 R15A0421 Microwave Engineering
R15A0430 DSP Architectures R15A0415 Digital Signal Processing
R15A0431 RF Circuit Design R15A0421 Microwave Engineering
R15A0432 Wireless Communications R15A0422 Cellular & Mobile
& Networks Communication
R15A0511 Network Security & R15A0509 Computer Networks
6 Cryptography
R15A0433 Telecommunication R15A0409 Analog Communications
Switching System & R15A0509 Computer Networks
Networks

*-*-*

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALPRACTICES RULES
DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR / IMPROPER CONDUCT IN EXAMINATIONS

Nature of Malpractices/Improper conduct Punishment

S.No
If the candidate:
Possesses or keeps accessible in examination hall, Expulsion from the examination hall
any paper, note book, programmable calculators, and cancellation of the performance
Cell phones, pager, palm computers or any other in that subject only.
form of material concerned with or related to the
1. (a) subject of the examination (theory or practical) in
which he is appearing but has not made use of
(material shall include any marks on the body of the
candidate which can be used as an aid in the subject
of the examination)
Gives assistance or guidance or receives it from any Expulsion from the examination hall
other candidate orally or by any other body and cancellation of the performance
language methods or communicates through cell in that subject only of all the
(b) phones with any candidate or persons in or outside candidates involved. In case of an
the exam hall in respect of any matter. outsider, he will be handed over to
the police and a case is registered
against him.
Has copied in the examination hall from any paper, Expulsion from the examination hall
book, programmable calculators, palm computers or and cancellation of the performance
any other form of material relevant to the subject of in that subject and all other subjects
the examination (theory or practical) in which the the candidate has already appeared
candidate is appearing. including practical examinations and
2. project work and shall not be
permitted to appear for the
remaining examinations of the
subjects of that Semester/year. The
Hall Ticket of the candidate is to be
cancelled and sent to the University.
Impersonates any other candidate in connection The candidate who has
with the examination. impersonated shall be expelled from
examination hall. The candidate is
3. also debarred and forfeits the seat.
The performance of the original
candidate who has been
impersonated, shall be cancelled in

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

all the subjects of the examination

(including practicals and project
work) already appeared and shall not
be allowed to appear for
examinations of the remaining
subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class
work and all University
examinations. The continuation of
the course by the candidate is
subject to the academic regulations
in connection with forfeiture of seat.
If the imposter is an outsider, he will
be handed over to the police and a
case is registered against him.
Smuggles in the Answer book or additional sheet or Expulsion from the examination hall
takes out or arranges to send out the question and cancellation of performance in
paper during the examination or answer book or that subject and all the other
additional sheet, during or after the examination. subjects the candidate has already
appeared including practical
examinations and project work and
shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the
4.
subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class
work and all University
examinations. The continuation of
the course by the candidate is
subject to the academic regulations
in connection with forfeiture of seat.
Using objectionable, abusive or offensive language Cancellation of the performance in
in the answer paper or in letters to the examiners or that subject.
5.
writes to the examiner requesting him to award
pass marks.
Refuses to obey the orders of the Chief In case of students of the college,
Superintendent/Assistant Superintendent / any they shall be expelled from
6.
officer on duty or misbehaves or creates disturbance examination halls and cancellation of
their performance in that subject
of any kind in and around the examination hall or

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

organizes a walk out or instigates others to walk out, and all other subjects the
or threatens the officer-in charge or any person on candidate(s) has (have) already
duty in or outside the examination hall of any injury appeared and shall not be permitted
to appear for the remaining
to his person or to any of his relations whether by
examinations of the subjects of that
words, either spoken or written or by signs or by semester/year. The candidates also
visible representation, assaults the officer-incharge, are debarred and forfeit their seats.
or any person on duty in or outside the examination In case of outsiders, they will be
hall or any of his relations, or indulges in any other handed over to the police and a
act of misconduct or mischief which result in police case is registered against
damage to or destruction of property in the them.
examination hall or any part of the College campus
or engages in any other act which in the opinion of
the officer on duty amounts to use of unfair means
or misconduct or has the tendency to disrupt the
orderly conduct of the examination.
Leaves the exam hall taking away answer script or
Expulsion from the examination hall
7.
intentionally tears of the script or any part thereof
and cancellation of performance in
inside or outside the examination hall. that subject and all the other
subjects the candidate has already
appeared including practical
examinations and project work and
shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the
subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class
work and all University
examinations. The continuation of
the course by the candidate is
subject to the academic regulations
in connection with forfeiture of seat.
Possess any lethal weapon or firearm in the Expulsion from the examination hall
8.
examination hall. and cancellation of the performance
in that subject and all other subjects
the candidate has already appeared
including practical examinations and
project work and shall not be
permitted for the remaining
examinations of the subjects of that
semester/year. The candidate is also

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

debarred and forfeits the seat.

If student of the college, who is not a candidate for Student of the colleges expulsion
the particular examination or any person not from the examination hall and
connected with the college indulges in any cancellation of the performance in
malpractice or improper conduct mentioned in that subject and all other subjects
clause 6 to 8. the candidate has already appeared
including practical examinations and
project work and shall not be
9. permitted for the remaining
examinations of the subjects of that
semester/year. The candidate is also
debarred and forfeits the seat.
Person(s) who do not belong to the
College will be handed over to police
and, a police case will be registered
against them.
10. Comes in a drunken condition to the examination Expulsion from the examination hall
hall. and cancellation of the performance
in that subject and all other subjects
the candidate has already appeared
including practical
examinations and project work and
shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the
subjects of that semester/year.
11. Copying detected on the basis of internal evidence, Cancellation of the performance in
such as, during valuation or during special scrutiny. that subject and all other subjects
the candidate has appeared
including practical examinations and
project work of that semester/year
examinations.
If any malpractice is detected which is not covered
12. in the above clauses 1 to 11 shall be reported to the
University for further action to award suitable
punishment.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Malpractices identified by squad or special invigilators

1. Punishments to the candidates as per the above guidelines.
2. Punishment for institutions: (if the squad reports that the college is also involved in encouraging
malpractices)
(i) A show cause notice shall be issued to the college.
(ii) Impose a suitable fine on the college.
(iii) Shifting the examination centre from the college to another college for a specific period of not less
than one year.
*****

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

PEO1: PROFESSIONALISM & CITIZENSHIP

To create and sustain a community of learning in which students acquire knowledge and learn
to apply it professionally with due consideration for ethical, ecological and economic issues.

PEO2: TECHNICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

To provide knowledge based services to satisfy the needs of society and the industry by
providing hands on experience in various technologies in core field.

PEO3: INVENTION, INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY

To make the students to design, experiment, analyze, interpret in the core field with the help of
other multi disciplinary concepts wherever applicable.

PEO4: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

To educate the students to disseminate research findings with good soft skills and become a
successful entrepreneur.

PEO5: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

To graduate the students in building national capabilities in technology, education and

research.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design / development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations,
and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi disciplinary
environments.
12. Life- long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

COURSE STRUCTURE
I Year B. Tech (ECE) – I Semester

MAX.MARKS
SUBJECT
S.NO SUBJECT L T/P/D C
CODE Int Ext

1 R15A0001 ENGLISH 3 2 25 75
2 R15A0021 MATHEMATICS-1 5 4 25 75
3 R15A0011 ENGINEERING PHYSICS-1 3 1 2 25 75
4 R15A0013 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 4 3 25 75
5 R15A0501 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING WITH C 4 1 3 25 75
6 R15A0302 ENGINEERING DRAWING 2 3 4 25 75
7 R15A0581 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB - 3 2 25 50
8 R15A0083 ENGINEERING PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY LAB - 3 2 25 50
9 ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION 25 50
R15A0081 - 3 2
SKILLS LAB-I
TOTAL 21 14 24 225 600

I Year B. Tech (ECE) – II Semester

MAX.MARKS
SUBJECT
S.NO SUBJECT L T/P/D C
CODE Int Ext

1 R15A0002 PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH 3 2 25 75

2 R15A0022 MATHEMATICS-II 5 - 4 25 75
3 R15A0012 ENGINEERING PHYSICS-II 3 1 2 25 75
4 R15A0502 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 4 1 3 25 75
5 R15A0201 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 5 - 4 25 75
6 R15A0014 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 4 - 3 25 75
7 R15A0582 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LAB - 3 2 25 50
8 IT WORKSHOP/ENGINEERING 25 50
R15A0084 - 3 2
WORKSHOP
9 ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION 25 50
R15A0082 - 3 2
SKILLS LAB-2
*10 HUMAN VALUES AND SOCIETAL 50 -
R15A0003 2 - -
PERSPECTIVES
TOTAL 26 11 24 275 600
*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

II Year B. Tech (ECE) – I Semester

SUBJECT MAX MARKS

S.NO. SUBJECT L T/P/D C
CODE INT EXT
1 R15A0023 Mathematics-III 4 1 3 25 75
2 R15A0401 Electronic Devices and Circuits 5 - 4 25 75
3 R15A0402 Signals and Systems 4 1 3 25 75
4 R15A0403 Probability Theory and stochastic Process 4 1 3 25 75
5 R15A0202 Electrical Technology 5 - 4 25 75
Open Elective 1
R15A0061 1. Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis
6 4 - 3 25 75
R15A0066 2. Disaster Management
R15A0067 3. Technology Management
7 R15A0481 Electronic Devices & Circuits Lab - 3 2 25 50
8 R15A0482 Basic Simulation Lab - 3 2 25 50
R15A0004 Foreign Language: French
*9 2 - - 50 -
R15A0005 Foreign Language: German
Total 28 09 24 250 550
*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

II Year B. Tech (ECE) – II Semester

SUBJECT MAX MARKS

S.NO. SUBJECT L T/P/D C
CODE INT EXT
1 R15A0203 Control Systems 4 1 3 25 75
2 R15A0404 Pulse and Digital Circuits 4 1 3 25 75
3 R15A0405 Electronic Circuit Analysis 4 1 3 25 75
4 R15A0406 Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines 4 1 3 25 75
5 R15A0407 Switching Theory and Logic Design 4 1 3 25 75
Open Elective 2:
R15A0064 1. Enterprise Resource Planning
6 4 - 3 25 75
R15A0069 2. Intellectual Property Rights
R15A0065 3. Management Science
7 R15A0483 EC& PC Lab - 3 2 25 50
8 R15A0281 Electrical Technology Lab - 3 2 25 50
9 R15A0006 Gender Sensitization - 3 2
Total 24 14 24 250 550

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

III Year B. Tech (ECE) – I Semester

S.NO. SUBJECT SUBJECT L T/P/D C MAX MARKS
CODE INT EXT
1 R15A0408 IC Applications 5 - 4 25 75
2 R15A0409 Analog Communications 5 - 4 25 75
3 R15A0569 Computer Organization & Operating Systems 4 1 3 25 75
4 R15A0410 Digital Design Through Verilog 4 1 3 25 75
Core Elective 1
R15A0411 1. Digital System Design
5 4 1 3 25 75
R15A0412 2. Design of Fault Tolerance Systems
R15A0204 3. Digital Control Systems
Open Elective 3
R15A0507 1. Java Programming
6 4 1 3 25 75
R15A0520 2. Web Technologies
R15A0536 3. Artificial Intelligence
7 R15A0484 IC Applications & HDL Simulation Lab - 3 2 25 50
8 R15A0485 Analog Communications Lab - 3 2 25 50
*9 R15A0007 Technical Communications and Soft Skills 2 - - 50 -
Total 24 09 24 250 550
*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

III Year B. Tech (ECE) – II Semester

S.NO. SUBJECT SUBJECT L T/P/D C MAX MARKS
CODE INT EXT
1 R15A0413 Digital Communications 4 1 3 25 75
2 R15A0414 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 5 - 4 25 75
3 R15A0415 Digital Signal Processing 5 - 4 25 75
4 R15A0416 Antennas and Wave Propagation 4 1 3 25 75
Core Elective 2
R15A0417 1. Electronic Measurements & Instruments
4 4 1 3 25 75
R15A0418 2. Optical Communications
R15A0419 3. Data Communications
Open Elective 4
R15A0509 1. Data Base Management System
6 4 1 3 25 75
R15A0543 2. Software Project Management
R15A0568 3. Apps Design & Development
7 R15A0486 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Lab - 3 2 25 50
8 R15A0487 Digital Signal Processing Lab - 3 2 25 50
Total 20 12 24 200 550

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

IV Year B. Tech (ECE) – I Semester

Max. Marks
S.No. Subject Code SUBJECT L T/P/D C
Int Ext
1 R15A0420 VLSI Design 5 - 4 25 75
2 R15A0421 Microwave Engineering 5 - 4 25 75
3 R15A0422 Cellular & Mobile Communications 4 1 3 25 75
4 R15A0514 Computer Networks 4 1 3 25 75
Core Elective 3
R15A0423 1. Satellite Communications
4 4 1 3 25 75
R15A0424 2. Embedded Systems Design
R15A0425 3. Television Engineering
Core Elective 4
R15A0426 1. Digital Image Processing
5 4 1 3 25 75
R15A0427 2. Speech Processing
R15A0428 3. Multimedia & Signal Coding
7 R15A0488 eCAD & VLSI Lab - 3 2 25 50
Microwave Engineering & Digital
8 R15A0489 - 3 2 25 50
Communications Lab
Total 26 10 24 200 550

IV Year B. Tech (ECE) – II Semester

Subject Max. Marks

S.No. SUBJECT L T/P/D C
Code Int Ext
1 Core Elective 5 5 - 4 25 75
R15A0429 1. Radar Systems
R15A0430 2. Digital Signal Processors &
Architectures
R15A0431 3. RF Circuit Design
2 Core Elective 6 5 - 4 25 75
R15A0432 1. Wireless Communications & Networks
R15A0573 2. Network Security & Cryptography
R15A0433 3. Telecommunication Switching
Systems & Networks
3 R15A0490 Mini Project - - 4 - 100
4 R15A0491 Technical Seminar - 6 2 50 -
5 R15A0492 Major Project 15 - 10 100 200
Total 25 6 24 200 450

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 2
(R15A0001) ENGLISH
Introduction:

In view of the growing importance of English as a tool for global communication and the
consequent emphasis on training students to acquire communicative competence, the syllabus
has been designed to develop linguistic and communicative competencies of Engineering
students. The prescribed books and the exercises are meant to serve broadly as students’
handbooks.
In the English classes, the focus should be on the skills of reading, writing, listening and
speaking and for this the teachers should use the text prescribed for detailed study. For
example, the students should be encouraged to read the texts/selected paragraphs silently. The
teachers can ask comprehension questions to stimulate discussion and based on the
discussions students can be made to write short paragraphs/essays etc.
The text for non-detailed study is for extensive reading/reading for pleasure. Hence, it is
suggested that they read it on their own the topics selected for discussion in the class. The time
should be utilized for working out the exercises given after each section , as also for
supplementing the exercises with authentic materials of a similar kind for example, from
newspaper articles, advertisements, promotional material etc. However, the stress in this
syllabus is on skill development, fostering ideas and practice of language skills.
Objectives:
 To improve the language proficiency of the students in English with emphasis on LSRW
skills.
 To equip the students to study academic subjects more effectively using the theoretical
and practical components of the English syllabus.
 To develop the study skills and communication skills in formal and informal situations.
SYLLABUS:
Listening Skills:
Objectives
1. To enable students to develop their listening skill so that they may appreciate its role in the
LSRW skills approach to language and improve their pronunciation.
2. To equip students with necessary training in listening so that they can comprehend the
speech of people of different backgrounds and regions. Students should be given practice in

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

listening to the sounds of the language to be able to recognize them, to distinguish between
them to mark stress and recognize and use the right intonation in sentences.
 Listening for general content
 Listening to fill up information
 Intensive listening
 Listening for specific information
Speaking Skills:
Objectives
1. To make students aware of the role of speaking in English and its contribution to their
success.
2. To enable students to express themselves fluently and appropriately in social and
professional contexts.
 Oral practice
 Describing objects/situations/people
 Role play – Individual/Group activities (Using exercises from all the nine units of the
prescribed text: Learning English : A Communicative Approach)
 Just A Minute (JAM) Sessions.
Reading Skills:
Objectives
1. To develop an awareness in the students about the significance of silent reading and
comprehension.
2. To develop the ability of students to guess the meanings of words from context and grasp
the
overall message of the text, draw inferences etc.
 Skimming the text
 Understanding the gist of an argument
 Identifying the topic sentence
 Inferring lexical and contextual meaning
 Understanding discourse features
 Scanning the text
 Recognizing coherence/sequencing of sentences
NOTE : The students will be trained in reading skills using the prescribed text for detailed study.
They will be examined in reading and answering questions using ‘unseen’ passages which may
be taken from authentic texts, such as magazines/newspaper articles.
Writing Skills:
Objectives

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. To develop an awareness in the students about writing as an exact and formal skill
2. To equip them with the components of different forms of writing, beginning with the lower
order ones.
 Writing sentences
 Use of appropriate vocabulary
 Paragraph writing
 Coherence and cohesiveness
 Narration / description
 Note Making
 Formal and informal letter writing
 Describing graphs using expressions of comparison
TEXTBOOKS PRESCRIBED:
In order to improve the proficiency of the student in the acquisition of the four skills mentioned
above, the following texts and course content, divided into Five Units are prescribed in each
semester:
For Detailed study
First text book entitled “Skills Annexe: Functional English for Success”, published by Orient
BlackSwan, Hyderabad.
For Non-detailed study
Second textbook titled “Epitome of Wisdom”, published by Maruthi Publications, Guntur.
Unit –I:
1. Chapter entitled ‘Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya’ from Epitome of Wisdom, published by
Maruthi Publications, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Jam session
R- Reading – The Palm Islands
W- Writing – Writing Paragraphs
G- Grammar – Conjunctions and Adverbs
V- Vocabulary – Prefixes and Suffixes
Unit – II
1. Chapter entitled “Never Never Nest” by Cedric Mount, published in Ten One Act Plays,
1937, Willett, Clark and Company, 1937.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Role plays—Introduction, Greetings, Requests, Permission
R- Reading – Reading for the plot
W- Writing – Note writing

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

G- Grammar – Articles, Finite and Non-finite Verbs, Auxiliary Verbs and Nouns
V- Vocabulary – Homophones, Homographs and Homonyms
Unit – III
1. Chapter entitled “Risk Management” from Skills Annexe -Functional English for Success,
published by Orient Black Swan, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Role plays – Refusal, Apology, and Complimenting
R- Reading – Shivakasi Accident
W- Writing – Note Making and Note Taking
G- Grammar – Tenses and Punctuation
V- Vocabulary – Synonyms and Antonyms
Unit – IV
1. Chapter entitled ‘Leela’s Friend’ from Epitome of Wisdom, published by Maruthi
Publications, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Role plays—Congratulating, Consolation, and Social Etiquettes
R- Reading – Forensic Science
W- Writing – Letter Writing
G- Grammar – Contractions, Questions, Prepositions
V- Vocabulary – Phrasal Verbs
Unit –V
1. Chapter entitled “Three Days to See” from Epitome of Wisdom, published by Maruthi
Publications, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Professional and Telephone Etiquettes
R- Reading – Reading for Facts
W- Writing – Business Letters, Complaints, Apologies, Requests
G- Grammar – Correction of Sentences and Modal Auxiliaries
V- Vocabulary – Confused Words
* Exercises from the texts not prescribed shall also be used for classroom tasks.
REFERENCES :
1. Contemporary English Grammar Structures and Composition by David Green, MacMillan
Publishers, New Delhi. 2010.
2. Innovate with English: A Course in English for Engineering Students, edited by T Samson,
Foundation Books.
3. English Grammar Practice, Raj N Bakshi, Orient Longman.
4. Technical Communication by Daniel Riordan. 2011. Cengage Publications. New Delhi.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

5. Effective English, edited by E Suresh Kumar, A RamaKrishna Rao, P Sreehari, Published by

Pearson.
6. Handbook of English Grammar& Usage, Mark Lester and Larry Beason, Tata Mc Graw –Hill.
7. Spoken English, R.K. Bansal & JB Harrison, Orient Longman.
8. Technical Communication, Meenakshi Raman, Oxford University Press
9. Objective English Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, Pearson Education
10. Grammar Games, Renuvolcuri Mario, Cambridge University Press.
11. Murphy’s English Grammar with CD, Murphy, Cambridge University Press.
12. Everyday Dialogues in English, Robert J. Dixson, Prentice Hall India Pvt Ltd.,
13. ABC of Common Errors Nigel D Turton, Mac Millan Publishers.
14. Basic Vocabulary Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, Pearson Education
15. Effective Technical Communication, M Ashraf Rizvi, Tata Mc Graw – Hill.
16. An Interactive Grammar of Modern English, Shivendra K. Verma and Hemlatha Nagarajan ,
Frank Bros & CO
17. A Communicative Grammar of English, Geoffrey Leech, Jan Svartvik, Pearson Education
18. Enrich your English, Thakur K B P Sinha, Vijay Nicole Imprints Pvt Ltd.,
19. A Grammar Book for You And I, C. Edward Good, MacMillan Publish.
Outcomes:
 Usage of English Language, written and spoken.
 Enrichment of comprehension and fluency.
 Gaining confidence in using language in verbal situation.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -I Sem L T/P/D C

5 1/-/- 4
(R15A0021) MATHEMATICS – I

Objectives:
To learn
 Concept of rank of a matrix and applying the concept of rank to know the consistency of
linear equations and to find all possible solutions if exist and concept of eigen values
and eigen vectors of a matrix
 The mean value theorems and to understand the concepts geometrically , functions of
several variables and optimization of these functions.
 Methods of solving the differential equations of 1st and higher order cooling, Natural
growth and decay, bending of beams etc.
 Properties of Laplace Transform, Inverse Laplace Transform and Convolution theorem

UNIT - I: Matrix Theory

Introduction to matrices- Elementary row and column operations on a matrix- Finding rank of a
matrix by reducing to Echelon and Normal forms-Consistency of system of linear equations
(homogeneous and non- homogeneous) using the rank of a matrix-Cayley - Hamilton Theorem
(without proof) – Verification- finding inverse of a matrix and powers of a matrix by Cayley-
Hamilton theorem- Linear dependence and Independence of Vectors- Eigen values and eigen
vectors of a matrix-Properties of eigen values and eigen vectors of real and complex
matrices,Diagonalisation of matrix.
UNIT – II: Differential Calculus
Mean Value Theorms: Rolle’s Theorem – Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem – Cauchy’s mean
value Theorems with geometrical interpretations (all theorems without proof)- verification of
the Theorems and testing the applicability of these theorems to the given function- Taylor’s
series -Maclaurin’s series.
Functions of Several Variables: Jacobian-Functional dependence- Maxima and Minima of
functions of two variables without constraints and with constraints - Method of Lagrange
multipliers.
UNIT – III: Ordinary Differential Equations of First Order and Applications
Formation of differential equation- Solution of D.E - Variable Separable form- Homogeneous-
Non homogeneous- Exact-Non Exact-Linear and Bernoulli’s equations-Applications of first order

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

differential equations – Newton’s Law of cooling- Law of natural growth and decay- Orthogonal
trajectories

UNIT - IV: Linear Differential Equations of Higher Order and Applications

Linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients- Non-
homogeneous term of the type f(x) = eax , sinax, cosax, xn , eax V and xn V- Method of variation of
parameters-Applications to bending of beams, Electrical circuits and simple harmonic motion.
UNIT – V Laplace Transforms and Applications
Definition of Laplace transform- Domain of the function and Kernel for the Laplace transforms-
Existence of Laplace transform- Laplace transform of standard functions- first shifting
Theorem,-Laplace transform of functions when they are multiplied or divided by “t”- Laplace
transforms of derivatives and integrals of functions – Unit step function – second shifting
theorem – Dirac’s delta function- Periodic function – Inverse Laplace transform by Partial
fractions-Inverse Laplace transforms of functions when they are multiplied or divided by ”s”,
Inverse Laplace Transforms of derivatives and integrals of functions- Convolution theorem –
Solving ordinary differential equations by Laplace transforms.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Mathematics – I by T.K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi & Others, S. Chand.
2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.
REFERENCES:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by R.K. Jain & S.R.K. Iyengar, 3rd edition, Narosa
Publishing House, Delhi.
2. Advanced engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons Publishers.
3. Engineering Mathematics – I by D. S. Chandrasekhar, Prison Books Pvt. Ltd.
Outcomes:
 After learning the contents of this Unit the student is able to write the matrix
representation of a set of linear equations and to analyze solutions of system of
equations.
 The student will be able to understand the methods of differential calculus to optimize
single and multivariable functions.
 The student is able to identify the type of differential equation and uses the tight
method to solve the differential equations. Also able to apply the theory of differential
equations to the real world problems.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

 The student is able to solve certain differential equations using Laplace Transform. Also
able to transform functions on time domain to frequency domain using Laplace
transforms.

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -I Sem L T/P/D C
3 -/-/- 2
(R15A0011) ENGINEERING PHYSICS – I
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of Engineering Physics are

 To understand wave nature of light in designing powerful light sources for various
Engineering applications and enable them to develop communication systems by
understanding the working of laser beams as well as Fiber Technology.
 To understand the behavior of electron in a solids and classification of solids based on
band theory thereby one can realize conductivity and specific heat values of solids.

To understand the basics of working and design of semiconductor devices.

UNIT-I
OPTICS: Introduction to Interference-Coherence-Coherent sources. Theory of interference
fringes, Constructive and destructive interferences-Interference by division of wave front,
Interference in thin films by reflected light, Interference due to division of amplitude- Newton’s
rings Experiment.

Diffraction-Frenel’s diffraction, Fraunhoper’s diffraction (Single Slit),Difference between

interference and diffraction, Resolving Power of Grating.

Introduction to Polarization, representation of various polarized lights, Brewster law,

and law of Mauls.

UNIT-II
LASERS: Characteristics of lasers, Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions, Einstein’s
Coefficients, Population inversion, Meta stable state, pumping, lasing action, Construction and
working of Ruby Laser, Helium-Neon Laser, semi conductor lasers. Applications of lasers.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

FIBER OPTICS: Advantages of optical fibers over conventional communication system,

Construction and Working Principle of an optical fiber, Numerical aperture and Acceptance
angle of an optical fiber, Mode and Propagation through step and graded index fibers,
Attenuation, Applications of optical fibers.

UNIT-III
PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: Introduction-wave nature and particle nature-de
Broglie’s Hypothesis, Davisson and Germer’s experiment, Matter Waves, Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle. Physical significance of wave function, Schrodinger time-independent
wave equation, Particle in One dimensional infinite potential box.

UNIT-IV
ELEMENTS OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS & BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS:

Introduction,Micro and Macro states, Maxwell Boltzman, Bose Einstein, Fermi Dirac Statistical
distributions( Qualitative), Density of States, Fermi Energy, Introduction to electron theory of
metals, Blotch Theorem (Qualitative), Khronig Penny model(Qualitative), EK curve-Effective
mass of electron, Origin of energy bands in solids, Classification of solids-conductors, semi
conductors and insulators with energy level diagrams.

UNIT-V
SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS: Types of semi conductors, Carrier concentration and Fermi level of
intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Direct and indirect band gaps of semi conductors. Hall
Effect and features.

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES: Formation of PN junction diode, Energy level diagram of PN

junction diode. I-V characteristics of PN junction diode-PN junction as half wave rectifier and
full wave rectifier.PN junction diode as LED and Solar cell.

OUTCOMES:

 The students would be able to learn the fundamental concepts of wave optics.
 The knowledge on fundamentals of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics enables
the student to apply to various systems like communications solar cells, LED’s and so on.
 Finally, Engineering physics course helps the student to develop problem solving skills
and analytical, practical skills

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Engineering Physics, V. Rajendran, Tata Mc Graw Hill Book Publishers

2. Engineering Physics, Dr Arumugam, Anuradha Publications

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

REFERENCES:

1. Text Book of Engineering Physics –P. G. Khirsagar, Avadhanulu– S. Chand

2. Engineering Physics ,P.K. Palaniswamy, Scitech Publishers
3. Solid State Physics, Kittel- Wiley International.
4. Solid State Physics – AJ DekKer-Macmillan Publishers.

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 3
(R15A0013)ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

Objectives
 To impart the basic concepts and ideas in chemistry, to develop scientific attitudes and
enable the students to correlate the concepts of chemistry with the core programmes.
 Electrochemistry unit give conceptual knowledge about spontaneous processes and how
can they be harnessed for producing electrical energy and efficiency of systems. Fuel
cells which are the alternate energy sources for generating electrical energy on spot and
portable applications.
 Understand various techniques involved in polymerization and application of polymer
technology in the area of various engineering fields and manufacturing process of
important metallurgical materials.

UNIT I: Electrochemistry: Conductance - Specific, Equivalent, Molar conductance and their

units. Applications of Conductance –Conductometric titrations (Acid base and Precipitation
titrations); EMF-electrode and electrode potentials; Nernst equation and its applications;
Electrochemical cells-Galvanic cell (Daniel cell) and Concentration cell (electrolytic
concentration cell); Types of Electrodes–(construction and functioning of Calomel, Quinhydrone
and glass electrodes); determination of PH using glass electrode; Potentiometric titrations (Acid
Base and Redox titrations); electrochemical series and its applications; Numerical problems.
Batteries: Primary (lithium cells) and secondary cells (Lead-Acid cell and Ni-Cd cell); Fuel cells -
Hydrogen -Oxygen fuel cell- construction, functioning, advantages and applications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Unit II: Corrosion and its Control: Causes and effects of corrosion; Theories of corrosion –
Chemical corrosion (oxidation corrosion) & Electrochemicalcorrosion (mechanism of evolution
of Hydrogen and Absorption of oxygen); Galvanic corrosion; Factors affecting rate of corrosion
– Nature of metal (position of metal in galvanic series, overvoltage, relative areas of anodic and
cathodic parts, purity of metal and passivity) and Nature of Environment (temperature,
humidity and pH effect)
Corrosion control methods:Cathodic protection (Sacrificial Anodic and Impressed
CurrentCathodic protection). Surface coatings: Metallic coatings & methods of application of
metallic coatings - hot dipping (galvanization & tinning), cladding, electroplating (Cu plating)
and Electroless plating (Ni plating) – advantages of electroless plating.

UNIT- III: Engineering Materials

Polymers: Classification of Polymers, Types of Polymerization (Chain growth, Step growth &
Zeigler Natta) Plastics: Thermoplastic & Thermosetting resins, Preparation, properties,
engineering applications of PVC, Teflon and Bakelite. Fibers- Characteristics of fibers –
preparation, properties and uses of Nylon – 6,6 and Dacron – Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) –
applications. Rubbers–Natural rubber and its vulcanization.Elastomers–Buna-S, and Butyl
rubber; Conducting polymers:Polyacetylene-Mechanism of conduction, doping; applications of
conducting polymers; Bio-degradable Polymers:preparation and applications of Poly
vinylacetate and Poly lactic acid.
Lubricants: Characteristics of a good lubricant; Classification with examples; properties of
lubricants: viscosity, cloud point, pour point, flash and fire point.
Refractories: Classification of refractories with examples, characteristics of a good refractory
and applications of refractories.
Nanomaterials: Introduction and applications of nanomaterials.

UNIT IV: Water and its Treatment:

Hardness of Water: Causes of hardness, types of hardness, units of hardness; determination of
hardness of water by EDTA method - numerical problems. Boiler troubles – Scale &sludges,
Priming, foaming, and caustic embrittlement; Treatment of boiler feed water – Internal
treatment (Phosphate, Colloidal and Calgon conditioning); External treatment–Zeolite process
and Ion exchange process.Potable Water- Its Specifications–Disinfectation of water by
ozonisation, chlorination (break point chlorination and its significance); Reverse Osmosis.

UNIT V: Fuels
Fuels – Characteristics of a good fuel, Classification – solid fuels: coal – analysis of coal -
proximate and ultimate analysis and their significance. Liquid fuels – petroleum and its refining;

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Cracking – types – fixed bed catalytic cracking. Knocking – octane and cetane rating, synthetic
petrol, Fischer-Tropsch‘s process: Gaseous fuels - constituents, characteristics and applications
of natural gas, LPG and CNG; Calorific value of fuel – HCV, LCV; Determination of calorific value
by Junker‘s gas calorimeter.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Engineering Chemistry by P.C Jain & Monica Jain, Dhanpatrai Publishing Company 14 th
Edition (2013)

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Engineering Chemistry by BharathiKumari and JyotsnaCherukuri, VGS Techno Series
(2013)
2. Engineering Chemistry by R.P. Mani, K.N. Mishra, B. Rama Devi /CENGAGE learning
(2013)

MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 3
(R15A0501) COMPUTER PROGRAMMING WITH C
Objectives
 To understand the various steps in Program development.
 To understand the basic concepts in C Programming Language.
 To learn how to write modular and readable C Programs
 To learn to write programs (using structured programming approach) in C to solve
problems.
 To introduce the students to basic data structures such as lists, stacks and queues.
 To make the student understand simple sorting and searching methods
UNIT - I
Introduction to Computing – Computer Systems, Computing Environments, Computer
Languages, Creating and running programs, Software Development Life Cycle, Algorithm,
Flowchart.
Introduction to C – History of C, Features Of C, Structure Of C Program, Character Set, C
Tokens-keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Data types, Variables, Operators, Expressions,

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Precedence and Associativity, Expression Evaluation, Type conversion, Statements- Selection

Statements( Decision Making) – if and switch statements, Repetition statements ( loops)-while,
for, do-while statements, other statements related to looping –break, continue, goto.
UNIT-II
Functions-Designing Structured Programs, Types of Functions- user defined functions, Standard
Functions, Inter function communication, Categories of functions ,Parameter Passing
techniques, Scope, Storage classes-auto, register, static, extern, Type qualifiers, Recursion-
recursive functions, Preprocessor commands.
UNIT – III
Arrays – Declaration and Initialization, Inter Function Communication, Array Applications, Two
dimensional arrays, Multi dimensional arrays.
Strings – Declaration and Initialization, String Input / Output functions, Arrays of strings,
String manipulation functions.
UNIT-IV
Pointers- Introduction, Definition and uses of pointers, address operator, Pointer variables,
Pointer constants ,dereferencing pointers, void pointers, Pointer arithmetic, Pointers to
Pointers, Pointers and Arrays, Pointers and Functions, Pointers to functions, Array of pointers,
Pointers and Strings.

UNIT-V
Structures and Unions - Introduction, Declaration and Initialization, Structure within a structure,
Operations on structures, Array of Structures, Pointer to Structures, Structures and Functions,
Self referential structures, Typedef, enum, bitfields, Unions.
Files – Concept of a file, Streams, Text files and Binary files, Opening and Closing files, File input
/ output functions, File Status functions (Error handling), Positioning functions, Command line
arguments.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C, B.A.Forouzan and R.F.
Gilberg, Third Edition, Cengage Learning.
2. Mastering C, K.R.Venugopal, S R Prasad, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The C Programming Language, B.W. Kernighan and Dennis M.Ritchie, PHI.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Computer Programming, E.Balagurusamy, First Edition, TMH.

3. C and Data structures – P. Padmanabham, Third Edition, B.S. Publications.
4. Programming in C, Ashok Kamthane. Pearson Education India.
5. Let us C ,Yashwanth Kanethkar, 13th Edition, BPB Publications.
Outcomes:
 Demonstrate the basic knowledge of computer hardware and Software.
 Ability to apply solving and logical skills to programming in C language and also in other
languages.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -I Sem L T/P/D C
2 -/-/3 4
(R15A0302) ENGINEERING DRAWING
UNIT – I
Introduction To Engineering Drawing: Principles of Engineering Drawing/Graphics – Various
Drawing Instruments – Conventions in Drawing – Lettering practice – BIS Conventions.
a) Polygons-Construction of Regular Polygons (General methods only no special methods).
b) Conic Sections Including Rectangular Hyperbola
c) Cycloid, Epicycloid and Hypocycloid
d) Scales-Plain, Diagonal and Vernier Scales
UNIT – II
Projection: Principles of Orthographic Projections – Conventions – First and Third
Angle projections.
Projections of Points. Points in all four quadrants.
Projections of Lines - Parallel, perpendicular inclined to one plan and inclined to both planes.
True length and true angle of a line. Traces of a line.
Projections Of Planes: Plane parallel, perpendicular and inclined to one reference plane. Plane
inclined to both reference planes.
UNIT – III
Projections Of Solids: Projections of regular solids, cube, prisms, pyramids, cylinder and cone,
axis inclined to both planes.
Sections and sectional views: Right regular solids-prism, Cylinders, Pyramid, Cone,
Develoment of surfaces: Develoment of surfaces of Right Regular solids-Prism, Cylinder,
Pyramids, Cone and their parts. Frustum of solids.
UNIT – IV
Intersection of solids: Intersection of cylinders Vs cylinder, Cylinders Vs Prism , Cylinder Vs
Cone.
Isometric Projections: Principles of Isometric Projection – Isometric Scale – Isometric Views–
Conventions – Plane Figures, Simple and Compound Solids.
UNIT – V
Persespective projections: Perspective view: Points,Lines, Planes and solids, Visual Ray and
vanishing point methods.
Transformation Of Projections: Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic Views.
Conversion of orthographic views to isometric views – simple objects

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

TEXT BOOKS
1.Engineering Drawing – Basant, Agrawal, TMH
2. Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt
3. Engineering Drawing by K.Venu Gopal& V.Prabu Raja New Age Publications.
REFERENCES :
1. Engineering drawing – P.J. Shah .S.Chand Publishers.
2. Engineering Drawing- Johle/Tata Macgraw Hill Book Publishers.
3. Engineering Drawing – M.B. Shah and B.C. Rana, Pearson.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -I Sem L T/P/D C
- -/3/- 2
(R15A0581) COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB
Objectives:
 Understand the basic concept of C Programming, and its different modules that includes
conditional and looping expressions, Arrays, Strings, Functions, Pointers, Structures and
File programming
 Acquire knowledge about the basic concept of writing a program.
 Role of constants, variables, identifiers, operators, type conversion and other building
blocks of C Language.
 Use of conditional expressions and looping statements to solve problems associated
with conditions and repetitions.
 Role of Functions involving the idea of modularity.
 Concept of Array and pointers dealing with memory management.
 Structures and unions through which derived data types can be formed
 File Handling for permanent storage of data or record.
 Programming using gcc compiler in Linux.
Week 1:
a) Write a C program to find sum and average of three numbers.
b)Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a given positive integer.
c) Write a C program to generate the first n terms of the Fibonacci sequence.
Week 2:
a)Write a C program to generate prime numbers between 1 to n.
b)Write a C program to Check whether given number is Armstrong Number or Not.
c) Write a C program to evaluate algebraic expression (ax+b)/(ax-b).
Week 3:
a)Write a C program to check whether given number is perfect number or Not.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

b)Write a C program to check whether given number is strong number or not.

Week 4:
a) Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.
b)Write a C program perform arithmetic operations using switch statement.
Week 5:
a)Write a C program to find factorial of a given integer using non-recursive function.
b)Write a C program to find factorial of a given integer using recursive function.
Week 6:
a)Write C program to find GCD of two integers by using recursive function.
b)Write C program to find GCD of two integers using non-recursive function.
Week 7:
a)Write a C program to find both the largest and smallest number in a list of integers.
b) Write a C Program to Sort the Array in an Ascending Order
c) Write a C Program to find whether given matrix is symmetric or not.
Week 8:
Revision of programs
Week 9:
a)Write a C program to perform addition of two matrices.
b)Write a C program that uses functions to perform Multiplication of Two Matrices.
Week 10:
a)Write a C program to use function to insert a sub-string in to given main string from a
given position.
b)Write a C program that uses functions to delete n Characters from a given position in
a given string.
Week 11:
a)Write a C program using user defined functions to determine whether the given
string is palindrome or not.
b)Write a C program that displays the position or index in the main string S where the
sub string T begins, or - 1 if S doesn't contain T.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Week 12:
a)Write C program to count the number of lines, words and characters in a given text.
b)Write a C program to find the length of the string using Pointer.
Week 13:
a) Write a C program to Display array elements using calloc( ) function.
b)Write a C Program to Calculate Total and Percentage marks of a student using
structure.
Week 14:
a)Write a C program that uses functions and structures to perform the following
operations:
i) Reading a complex number ii) Writing a complex number
iii) Addition of two complex numbers iv) Multiplication of two complex numbers
b) Write a C program to display the contents of a file.
Week 15:
a)Write a C program to copy the contents of one file to another.
b)Write a C program to merge two files into a third file.
c)Write a C program to reverse the first n characters in a file.
Week 16:
Revision Of Programs
TEXT BOOKS
1. C Programming and Data Structures, P.Padmanabham, Third Edition, BS Publications
2. Computer programming in C.V.RAjaraman, PHI Publishers.
3. C Programming, E.Balagurusamy, 3rd edition, TMH Publishers.
4. C Programming, M.V.S.S.N Venkateswarlu and E.V.Prasad,S.Chand Publishers
5. Mastering C,K.R.Venugopal and S.R.Prasad, TMH Publishers.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -I Sem L T/P/D C
- -/3/- 2
(R15A0083) ENGINEERING PHYSICS / ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LAB
ENGINEERING PHYSICS LAB
(Any EIGHT experiments compulsory)

Objectives:
This course on Physics lab is designed with 10 experiments in an academic year. It is common to
all branches of Engineering in B.Tech 1st year.
The objective of the course is that the student will have exposure to various experimental skills
which is very essential for an Engineering student.
The experiments are selected from various area of Physics like Physical Optics, Lasers, Fiber
Optics, Sound, Mechanics, Electricity & Magnetism and Basic Electronics.
Also the student is exposed to various tools like Screw gauge, VernierCallipers, Physics Balance,
Spectrometer and Microscope.

1. The Rigidity modulus   of the material of the wire using a Torsional pendulum.
2. Frequency of a vibrating bar, or a tuning fork using Melde’s Experimental Arrangement
3. CR Circuit
4. Dispersive power of the material of the given prism-Spectrometer
5. Solar cell characteristics
6. Single slit diffraction Using laser
7. L.C.R. Circuit
8. Determination of the wavelength of sodium light and or (b) the radius of curvature of the
surface of the Plano convex lens by forming Newton’s rings.
9. Numerical Aperture In Optical Fibers
10. LED Characteristics
LABORATORY MANUAL:
1. Laboratory Manual of Engineering Physics by Dr.Y.Aparna&Dr.K.VenkateswaraRao
(V.G.S Publishers)
2. Engineering Physics Lab Manual by Dr. C .V. MadhusudhanaRao&V.Vasanth Kumar
(SciTech Publishers)
Outcomes:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

The student is expected to learn from this laboratory course the concept of error and its
analysis. It also allows the student to develop experimental skills to design new experiments in
Engineering.
With the exposure to these experiments the student can compare the theory and correlate
with experiment.

ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LAB

List of Experiments (Any Eight experiments compulsory)
Titrimetry:
1. Estimation of hardness of water by EDTA method.
2. Estimation of alkalinity of water.

Mineral analysis:
3. Estimation of manganese dioxide in pyrolusite.

Instrumental Methods:
Colorimetry:
4. Determination of ferrous iron in cement by colorimetric method
5. Estimation of copper by colorimetric method

Conductometry:
6. Conductometric titration of strong acid vs strong base.
7. Conductometric titration of mixture of acids vs strong base.

Potentiometry:
8. Titration of strong acid vs strong base by potentiometry.

Preparation:
9. Preparation of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
10. Preparation of Aspirin

Physical properties:
11. Determination of viscosity of sample oil by Redwood Viscometer.
12. Determination of Surface tension of liquid by Stalagmometer

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Inorganic quantitative analysis, Vogel.
2. Practical Engineering Chemistry by K. Mukkanti, etal, B.S. Publications, Hyderabad.
3. Laboratory manual of Engineering Chemistry by Y. BharathiKumari and JyotsnaCherukuri
(VGS Techno series)

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE-I Sem L T/ P/ D C

- -/3/- 2
(R15A0081) ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB - I

The Language Lab focuses on the production and practice of sounds of language and
familiarises the students with the use of English in everyday situations and contexts.
Objectives
 To facilitate computer aided multi-media instruction enabling individualized and
independent language learning
 To sensitise the students to the nuances of English speech sounds, word accent, intonation
and rhythm
 To bring about a consistent accent and intelligibility in their pronunciation of English by
providing an opportunity for practice in speaking
 To improve the fluency in spoken English and neutralize mother tongue influence
 To train students to use language appropriately for interviews, group discussion and public
speaking
Syllabus: English Language Communication Skills Lab shall have two parts:
a. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab
b. Interactive Communication Skills (ICS) Lab
The following course content is prescribed for the English Language Communication Skills Lab
Exercise –I
CALL Lab: Introduction to Phonetics –Speech Sounds –Vowels and Consonants- Transcriptions
ICS Lab: Ice-Breaking activity - JAM session

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Exercise –II
CALL Lab: Pronunciation- Mispronounced sounds, Silent letters-Past Tense Markers and Plural
Markers
ICS Lab: Situational Dialogues –Role Plays - Expressions in Various Situations –Self-introduction
and Introducing Others –Greetings –Apologies –Requests- Refusal- Permissions –
Complementing – Congratulating - Consoling
Exercise -III
CALL Lab: Syllable and Syllabification
ICS Lab: Etiquette – Social and Professional Telephone Etiquette

Outcomes:
 Better Understanding of nuances of language through audio-visual experience and group
activities.
 Neutralization of accent for intelligibility
 Speaking with clarity and confidence thereby enhancing employability skills of the students.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE-II SEM L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 2
(R15A0002) PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH
Introduction:
In view of the growing importance of English as a tool for global communication and the
consequent emphasis on training students to acquire communicative competence, the syllabus
has been designed to develop linguistic and communicative competencies of Engineering
students. The prescribed books and the exercises are meant to serve broadly as students’
handbooks.
In the English classes, the focus should be on the skills of reading, writing, listening and
speaking and for this the teachers should use the text prescribed for detailed study. For
example, the students should be encouraged to read the texts/selected paragraphs silently. The
teachers can ask comprehension questions to stimulate discussion and based on the
discussions students can be made to write short paragraphs/essays etc.
The text for non-detailed study is for extensive reading/reading for pleasure. Hence, it is
suggested that they read it on their own the topics selected for discussion in the class. The time
should be utilized for working out the exercises given after each section , as also for
supplementing the exercises with authentic materials of a similar kind for example, from
newspaper articles, advertisements, promotional material etc. However, the stress in this
syllabus is on skill development, fostering ideas and practice of language skills.

Objectives:
 To improve the language proficiency of the students in English with emphasis on LSRW
skills.
 To equip the students to study academic subjects more effectively using the theoretical and
practical components of the English syllabus.
 To develop the study skills and communication skills in formal and informal situations.

SYLLABUS:
Listening Skills:
Objectives
3. To enable students to develop their listening skill so that they may appreciate its role in the
LSRW skills approach to language and improve their pronunciation.
4. To equip students with necessary training in listening so that they can comprehend the
speech of people of different backgrounds and regions. Students should be given practice in

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

listening to the sounds of the language to be able to recognize them, to distinguish between
them to mark stress and recognize and use the right intonation in sentences.
 Listening for general content
 Listening to fill up information
 Intensive listening
 Listening for specific information

Speaking Skills:
Objectives
3. To make students aware of the role of speaking in English and its contribution to their
success.
4. To enable students to express themselves fluently and appropriately in social and
professional contexts.
 Oral practice
 Describing objects/situations/people
 Role play – Individual/Group activities (Using exercises from all the nine units of the
prescribed text: Learning English : A Communicative Approach)
 Just A Minute (JAM) Sessions.

Reading Skills:
Objectives
3. To develop an awareness in the students about the significance of silent reading and
comprehension.
4. To develop the ability of students to guess the meanings of words from context and grasp
the
overall message of the text, draw inferences etc.
 Skimming the text
 Understanding the gist of an argument
 Identifying the topic sentence
 Inferring lexical and contextual meaning
 Understanding discourse features
 Scanning the text
 Recognizing coherence/sequencing of sentences

NOTE : The students will be trained in reading skills using the prescribed text for detailed study.
They will be examined in reading and answering questions using ‘unseen’ passages which may
be taken from authentic texts, such as magazines/newspaper articles.
Writing Skills:
Objectives

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

3. To develop an awareness in the students about writing as an exact and formal skill
4. To equip them with the components of different forms of writing, beginning with the lower
order ones.
 Writing sentences
 Use of appropriate vocabulary
 Paragraph writing
 Coherence and cohesiveness
 Narration / description
 Note Making
 Formal and informal letter writing
 Describing graphs using expressions of comparison

TEXTBOOKS PRESCRIBED:
In order to improve the proficiency of the student in the acquisition of the four skills mentioned
above, the following texts and course content, divided into Five Units are prescribed in each
semester:
For Detailed study
First text book entitled “Skills Annexe: Functional English for Success”, published by Orient
BlackSwan, Hyderabad.
For Non-detailed study
Second textbook titled “Epitome of Wisdom”, published by Maruthi Publications, Guntur.

Unit –I:
1. Chapter entitled “The Road Not Taken”, a poem by Robert Frost, from A Selection of Robert
Frost’s Poems (Owl Book), by Holt Paperbacks: 2 Revised Edition. 2002.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment on poem ‘If’ by Rudyard Kipling
S- Speaking – Describing Persons and Places
R- Reading – Comprehending Poem
W- Writing – Business Circulars and Notices
G- Grammar – Adjectives, Comparison of Adjectives
V- Vocabulary – Similes and Metaphors

Unit – II
1. Chapter entitled “Human Values and Professional Ethics” from Skills Annexe -Functional
English for Success, published by Orient Black Swan, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Description of Objects, Events and Experiences
R- Reading – What I Cherish the Most

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

W- Writing – CV and Cover Letter (Self-Appraisal Letter)

G- Grammar – Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
V- Vocabulary – Collocations

Unit – III
1. Chapter entitled “The Convocation Speech” from Epitome of Wisdom, published by Maruthi
Publications, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Giving Directions and Instructions
R- Reading – What is meant by Entrepreneurship?
W- Writing – Essay Writing (On-the-Spot Organization of Thoughts)
G- Grammar – Active and Passive Voices
V- Vocabulary – One-word Substitutes

Unit – IV
1. Chapter entitled “The Last Leaf” from Epitome of Wisdom, published by Maruthi
Publications, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Oral Presentations
R- Reading – Reading Comprehension
W- Writing – Report Writing
G- Grammar – Concord
V- Vocabulary – Idiomatic Expressions

Unit –V
1. Chapter entitled “Sachin Tendulkar” from Skills Annexe -Functional English for Success,
published by Orient Black Swan, Hyderabad.
L- Listening – Project Based Assignment
S- Speaking – Project Oral Presentations
R- Reading – Reading Articles
W- Writing – E-mail Writing
G- Grammar – Common Errors
V- Vocabulary – Misspelt Words
* Exercises from the texts not prescribed shall also be used for classroom tasks.

REFERENCES:
1. Contemporary English Grammar Structures and Composition by David Green, MacMillan
Publishers, New Delhi. 2010.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Innovate with English: A Course in English for Engineering Students, edited by T Samson,
Foundation Books.
3. English Grammar Practice, Raj N Bakshi, Orient Longman.
4. Technical Communication by Daniel Riordan. 2011. Cengage Publications. New Delhi.
5. Effective English, edited by E Suresh Kumar, A RamaKrishna Rao, P Sreehari, Published by
Pearson.
6. Handbook of English Grammar& Usage, Mark Lester and Larry Beason, Tata Mc Graw –Hill.
7. Spoken English, R.K. Bansal & JB Harrison, Orient Longman.
8. Technical Communication, Meenakshi Raman, Oxford University Press
9. Objective English Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, Pearson Education
10. Grammar Games, Renuvolcuri Mario, Cambridge University Press.
11. Murphy’s English Grammar with CD, Murphy, Cambridge University Press.
12. Everyday Dialogues in English, Robert J. Dixson, Prentice Hall India Pvt Ltd.,
13. ABC of Common Errors Nigel D Turton, Mac Millan Publishers.
14. Basic Vocabulary Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, Pearson Education
15. Effective Technical Communication, M Ashraf Rizvi, Tata Mc Graw – Hill.
16. An Interactive Grammar of Modern English, Shivendra K. Verma and Hemlatha Nagarajan ,
Frank Bros & CO
17. A Communicative Grammar of English, Geoffrey Leech, Jan Svartvik, Pearson Education
18. Enrich your English, Thakur K B P Sinha, Vijay Nicole Imprints Pvt Ltd.,
19. A Grammar Book for You And I, C. Edward Good, MacMillan Publish.

Outcomes:
 Usage of English Language, written and spoken.
 Enrichment of comprehension and fluency.
 Gaining confidence in using language in verbal situations.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B.Tech ECE -II SEM L T/P/D C

5 1/-/- 4
(R15A0022)MATHEMATICS-II
Objectives
 The objective of interpolation is to find an unknown function which approximates the
given data points and the objective of curve fitting is to find the relation between the
variables x and y from given data and such relationships which exactly pass through the
data (or) approximately satisfy the data under the condition of sum of least squares of
errors.
 The aim of numerical methods is to provide systematic methods for solving problems in
a numerical form using the given initial data and also used to find the roots of an
equation and to solve differential equations.
 In the diverse fields like electrical circuits, electronic communication, mechanical
vibration and structural engineering, periodic functions naturally occur and hence their
properties are very required. Indeed, any periodic and non periodic function can be best
analyzed in one way by Fourier series method.
 PDE aims at forming a function with many variables and also their solution methods
.Method of separation of variables technique is learnt to solve typical second order PDE.
 In many engineering fields the physical quantities involved are vector valued functions.
Hence the unit vector calculus aims at basic properties of vector-valued functions and
their applications to line, surface and volume integrals.

UNIT – I: Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations and Interpolation

Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Introduction – Graphical interpretation of

solution of equations .The Bisection Method – The Method of False Position – The Iteration
Method – Newton-Raphson Method .

Interpolation: Introduction-Errors in polynomial interpolation-Finite differences- Forward

Differences- Backward differences –Central differences – Symbolic relations and separation of
symbols-Differences of a polynomial-Newton’s formulae for interpolation – Central difference
interpolation Formulae – Gauss Central Difference Formulae – Interpolation with unevenly
spaced points-Lagrange’s Interpolation formula.

UNIT – II : Numerical techniques and Curve Fitting

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Numerical integration: Generalized Quadrature-Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8th

Rule.

Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Solution by Taylor’s series method –

Picard’s Method of successive Approximation- single step methods-Euler’s Method-Euler’s
modified method, Runge-Kutta Methods.
Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line –Second degree curve-exponential curve-power curve by
method of least squares.

UNIT – III: Fourier series

Definition of periodic function. Fourier expansion of periodic functions in a given interval of

length 2 . Determination of Fourier coefficients – Fourier series of even and odd functions –
Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions-Fourier series in an arbitrary interval .

UNIT-IV: Partial differential equations

Introduction -Formation of partial differential equation by elimination of arbitrary constants
and arbitrary functions, solutions of first order linear (Lagrange) equation and non-linear
equations (Charpit’s method), Method of separation of variables for second order equations.

UNIT – V : Vector Calculus

Introduction- Scalar point function and vector point function, Gradient- Divergence- Curl and
their related properties - Laplacian operator, Line integral – work done – Surface integrals -
Volume integral. Green’s Theorem,Stoke’s theorem and Gauss’s Divergence Theorems
(Statement & their Verification).

PRESCRIBED TEXT BOOKS:

1. Mathematical Methods by T.K.V. Iyengar, B.Krishna Gandhi & Others, S. Chand.
2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.

REFERENCES:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Introductory Methods by Numerical Analysis by S.S. Sastry, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publications.
Outcomes:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

 From a given discrete data, one will be able to predict the value of the data at an
intermediate point and The student will be able to find a approximate root of a given
equation.
 By curve fitting, one can find the most appropriate formula for a guesses relation of the
data variables. This method of analysis data helps engineers to understand the system
for better interpretation and decision making. and will be able to find a numerical
solution for a given differential equation.
 One will be able to find the expansion of a given function by Fourier series.
 After studying this unit, one will be able to find a corresponding Partial Differential
Equation for an unknown function with many independent variables and to find their
solution.
 The student will be able to evaluate multiple integrals(line, surface volume integrals)
and convert line integrals to area integrals and surface integrals to volume integrals.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B.Tech ECE -II SEM L T/P/D C

3 /-/- 2
(R15A0012) ENGINEERING PHYSICS-II
OBJECTIVES:

 To understand the basics of bonding in solids , crystal structures and characterization

techniques.
 To make the students aware of X-ray diffraction and different techniques of it.
 To understand the behavior of dielectric materials, magnetic materials and nano
materials.

UNIT-I
BONDING IN SOLIDS: Types of bonds- Primary, Secondary, Forces between atoms, Expression
for cohesive energy between two atoms.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: Introduction, Lattice points, Space lattice, Basis, Unit cell, lattice
parameters, Crystal systems, Bravais lattices, Atomic number, coordination number, packing
factor of SC,BCC,FCC crystals, Lattice planes, miller indices. Expression for inter planar distance
in cubic crystal.

UNIT- II
X-RAY DIFFRACTION: Bragg's law, Experimental techniques -Laue’s method, powder method.
Applications of x-ray diffraction.

DEFECTS IN CRYSTALS: Types of crystal defects, Point defects-Vacancies, Interstitials,

Estimation of defect concentrations of Schottky and Frenkel defects, Line defects- edge
dislocation and screw dislocation. Burger’s vector.

UNIT-III
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES: Electric dipole, Dipole moment, Polarization vector (P) Displacement
vector (D), Dielectric constant (K), Electric susceptibility (χ).types of polarizations-Expression for
Electronic and Ionic polarization (Qualitative). Internal fields in dielectrics Classius Mosotti
relation. Ferro electricity and Piezo electricity, Applications of dielectric materials.

ULTRASONICS: Introduction-generation of Ultrasonic waves-piezoelectric and magneto-

striction method. Properties and Detection of Ultrasonic waves, NDT.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Unit-IV
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES: Magnetic permeability, Field intensity, Magnetic field induction,
Magnetization, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic moment, Bhor magneton. Classification of
magnetic materials-Dia, Para and Ferro. Ferri and Anti ferro magnetic materials. Explanation of
Hysteresis loop on the basis of domain theory of ferromagnetism. Soft and hard magnetic
materials.

SUPER CONDUCTIVITY: Super conductivity, General properties of super conductivity Meissner

effect, Types of super conductors, Applications of super conductors.

UNIT-V
NANO SCIENCE & NANO TECHNOLOGY: Nano scale. Types of Nano materials-Surface to volume
ratio and Quantum confinement. Synthesis of Nano materials-Bottom up Fabrication and Top
down Fabrication- Sol gel, Bcs Theory, Physical Vapour Deposition. Characterisation of Nano
particles –XRD and SEM . Applications of Nano materials.

TEXT BOOKS:

1 .Engineering Physics, Dr M Arumugam, Anuradha Publishers

2. A Text Book of Engineering Physics –P. G. Kshirsagar– S. Chand

REFERENCES:

5. Introduction to Solid State Physics – C. Kittel (Wiley Eastern).

6. Nanotechnology – M. Ratner & D. Ratner (Pearson Ed.).

OUTCOMES:

 The students would be able to learn the fundamental concepts on behavior of

crystalline solids.
 The student will be able to think about the applications of dielectric, magnetic and nano
materials.
 Finally Engineering physics course help the student to develop problem solving skills
and analytical skills.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B.Tech ECE-II SEM L T/P/D C

4 1/-/- 3
(R15A0502)OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Objectives
 To teach the student the concepts of object oriented and generic programming.
 To differentiate between object oriented programming andprocedural programming.
 To design applications using object oriented features
 To teach the student to implement object oriented concepts

Unit I
Concepts of Object Oriented programming: Object oriented paradigm - Basic concepts of
Object Oriented Programming - differences between Object Oriented Programming and
Procedure oriented programming,Overview of OOP principles, Encapsulation, Inheritance and
Polymorphism. Benefits of OOP.Structure of a C++ program, Program structure, namespace,
Data types, identifiers, variables, constants, enum, operators, typecasting, control structures
&loops.

Unit-II
Functions, Classes and Objects:
Introduction of Classes,Class Definition, Defining a Members,Objects,Access Control, Class
Scope,Scope Resolution Operator,Inline functions,Memory Allocation for Objects, Static Data
Members, Static Member Functions, Arrays of Objects, Objects as Function Arguments, Default
Arguments, Function Overloading, Friend Functions

Unit-III
Constructors, Destructors, Inheritance:
Introduction to Constructors, Parameterized Constructors, Multiple Constructors in a Class,
Constructors with Default Arguments, Dynamic initialization of Objects, Copy Constructors,
Dynamic Constructors, Destructors.

Inheritance :Introduction to inheritance, Defining Derived Classes, Single Inheritance, Multiple

Inheritance, Multi-Level Inheritance, Hierarchical Inheritance, Hybrid Inheritance, Abstract
Classes, Constructors in Derived Classes,Operator overloading, Rules for Operator overloading,
overloading of binary and unary operators .

Unit-IV

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Pointers, Virtual Functions and Polymorphism:

Introduction, Memory Management, new Operator and delete Operator, Pointers to Objects,
this Pointer, Pointers to Derived Classes, Polymorphism, compile time polymorphism, Run time
polymorphism, Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions, Virtual Base Classes, Virtual
Destructors.

Unit-V.
Templates and Exception handling:
Introduction, Class Templates, Class Templates with Multiple Parameters, Function Templates,
Function Templates with Multiple Parameters, Member Function Templates.
Basics of Exception Handling, Types of exceptions, Exception Handing Mechanism, Throwing
and Catching Mechanism, Rethrowing an Exception, Specifying Exceptions

Streams I/O: Stream classes hierarchy, Stream I/O, File streams and String streams, Error
handling during file operations

Text Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by Balagurusamy
2. C++, the Complete Reference, 4th Edition, Herbert Schildt, TMH.

References:
1. C++ Primer, 3rd Edition, S.B.Lippman and J.Lajoie, Pearson Education.
2. The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Edition, B.Stroutstrup, Pearson Educ

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B.Tech ECE -II SEM L T/P/D C

5 -/-/- 4
(R15A0201)ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Objective:
This course introduces the basic concepts of network and circuit analysis which is the
foundation of the Electrical Engineering discipline. The emphasis of this course if laid on the
basic analysis of circuits which includes network analysis, single phase AC circuits, network
theorems and transformers.

Unit –I:
Introduction to Electrical Circuits: Concept of Network and Circuit, Types of elements, Types of
sources, Source transformation. R-L-C Parameters, Voltage–Current relationship for Passive
Elements (for different input signals –Square, Ramp, Saw tooth and Triangular), Kirchhoff’s
Laws.

Unit –II:
Network Analysis:
Network Reduction Techniques-Resistive networks, Inductive networks and capacitive
networks- Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel combinations, Star–to-Delta and Delta-to-Star
Transformation. Mesh Analysis and Super mesh, Nodal Analysis and Super node for DC
Excitation. Network topology-Definitions, Graph, Tree, Basic Cut set and Basic Tie set Matrices
for Planar Networks.
Unit-III:
Single Phase A.C. Circuits: Average value, R.M.S. value, form factor and peak factor for different
periodic wave forms. J-notation, Complex and Polar forms of representation. Steady State
Analysis of series R-L-C circuits. Concept of Reactance, Impedance, Susceptance, Admittance,
Phase and Phase difference. Concept of Power Factor, Real, Reactive and Complex power.
Unit –IV:
Network Theorems (D.C&A.C): Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum Power Transfer, Superposition,
Reciprocity, Tellegen’s, Substitution, Compensation and Milliman’s theorems.

Unit –V:
Transformers: Principle of operation, constructional details, Types, Ideal transformer and
practical transformer, Losses, Equivalent circuit, Phasor diagram on No load and load, Efficiency
and regulation, OC test and SC test.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Circuit Analysis - William Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly, S M Durbin, Mc Graw Hill
Companies.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Electric Circuits - A.Chakrabarhty, Dhanpat Rai & Sons.

3. A Text book of Electrical Technology by B.L Theraja and A.K Theraja, S.Chand publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Network analysis by M.E Van Valkenburg,PHI learning publications.
2. Network analysis - N.C Jagan and C. Lakhminarayana, BS publications.
3. Electrical Circuits by A Sudhakar ,Shyammohan and S Palli,Mc Graw Hill Companies.
4. Principles of Electrical Engineering by V.K Mehta,RohitMehta,S.Chand publications.

Outcome:
 After going through this course the student gets a thorough knowledge on basics of
network and circuit concepts, circuit elements, network analysis, single phase AC
circuits, network theorems, transformers with which he/she can able to apply the above
conceptual things to real-world problems and applications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B.Tech. ECE - II Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 3
(R15A0014)ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Objectives:
1. Understanding the importance of ecological balance for sustainable development.
2. Understanding the impacts of developmental activities and mitigation measures.
3. Understanding the environmental policies and regulations

UNIT-I:
Introduction: Definition of Environment and Environmental Sciences.
Ecosystems: Definition, Scope and Importance of ecosystem. Brief Classification, structure and
function of an ecosystem, Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. Flow of energy,
Biogeochemical cycles (Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Water, phosphorus, sulphur cycle)
Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, and carrying capacity.

UNIT-II:
Natural Resources: Classification of Resources: water resources: use and over utilization of
surface and ground water, water conservation Dams: benefits and problems. Forest resources,
Deforestation, Energy resources: renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of
alternate energy resources.
UNIT-III:
Biodiversity and Biotic Resources: Introduction, Definition, genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity. Value of biodiversity; consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and
optional values. Hot spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of
wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; conservation of biodiversity: In-Situ and Ex-situ conservation.

UNIT-IV:
Environmental Pollution and Control Technologies: Environmental Pollution: Classification of
pollution, Air Pollution: Primary and secondary pollutants, Automobile and Industrial pollution,
reduction of pollutants. Water pollution: Sources and types of pollution, water treatment
methods. Soil Pollution: Sources and types, Impacts of modern agriculture, degradation of soil.
Solid waste and its management, composition and characteristics of e-Waste and its
management.
Global Environmental Problems: Green house effect, Global warming, Climate change and
impacts on human environment. Ozone depletion and Ozone depleting substances (ODS). Acid
rains
Natural Hazards (Droughts, Floods, Cyclone, Landslides, Earthquake, Tsunami) and Disaster
Management, Carbon Footprint.

UNIT-V:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Environmental Policy, Legislation & EIA: Environmental Protection act1986, Air Act- 1981,
Water Act 1974, Forest conservation act 1980, Wild life Protection Act-1972, Municipal solid
waste management and handling rules, biomedical waste management and handling rules,
hazardous waste management and handling rules. International conventions / Protocols: Earth
summit, Kyoto protocol and Montréal Protocol.
EIA: EIA structure, methods of baseline data acquisition. Concepts of Environmental
Management Plan (EMP).
Towards Sustainable Future: Concept of Sustainable Development, Population and its
explosion, Environmental Education, Concept of Green Building.

SUGGESTED TEXT BOOKS:

1. Environmental Studies by Anubha Kaushik, 4th Edition, New age international

Publishers.
2. Text book of Environmental Science and Technology - Dr. M. Anji Reddy 2007, BS
Publications.
3. Environmental Studies by R. Rajagopalan, Oxford University Press.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Environmental Science: towards a sustainable future by Richard T.Wright. 2008 PHL

Learning Private Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Environmental Engineering and science by Gilbert M.Masters and Wendell P. Ela
.2008 PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Environmental Science by Daniel B.Botkin & Edward A.Keller, Wiley INDIA edition.
4. Principles of Environmental Science by William . P. Cunnningham & Mary Inn Cunnningham
Tata McGRAW –Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
5. Environmental Studies by S. Rama Lakshmi & Purnima Smarath Kalyani Publishers.

Outcomes:

Based on this course, the Engineering graduate will understand /evaluate / develop
technologies on the basis of
Ecological principles and environmental regulations which in turn helps in sustainable
development.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I Year B.Tech. ECE- II Sem L T/P/D C
-/3/- 2
(R15A0582)OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LAB
Objectives:
 To strengthen problem solving ability by using the characteristics of an object-oriented
approach.
 To design applications using object oriented features
 To handle Exceptions in programs.
 To teach the student to implement object oriented concepts

Week 1:
Study of C++ Standard library functions.

Week2:
a) Write a C++ program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer.
b) Write a C++ program to generate the first n terms of the sequence.

Week 3:
a) Write a C++ program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where n is a value
supplied by the user.
b) Write a C++ program to find both the largest and smallest number in a list of integers.

Week 4:
a) Write a C++ program to sort a list of numbers in ascending order.
b) Write a C++ program that uses function templates to find the largest and smallest number
in a list of integers.and to sort a list of numbers in ascending order.
c) Write aProgram to illustrate New and Delete Keywords for dynamic memory allocation

Week 5
a) Write a program Illustrating Class Declarations, Definition, and Accessing Class Members.
b) Program to illustrate default constructor, parameterized constructor and copy constructors
c) Write a Program to Implement a Class STUDENT having Following Members:
Member Description
Data members
sname Name of the student
Marks array Marks of the student
total Total marks obtained

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

tmax Total maximum marks

Member functions
Member Description
assign() Assign Initial Values
compute() to Compute Total, Average
display() to Display the Data.

Week 6:
a) Write a Program to Demonstrate the i)Operator Overloading.ii) Function Overloading.
b) Write a Program to Demonstrate Friend Function and Friend Class.
Week 7:
a) Write a Program to Access Members of a STUDENT Class Using Pointer to Object Members.
b) Write a Program to Generate Fibonacci Series use Constructor to Initialize the Data
Members.

Week 8:
Revision laboratory

Week 9
Write a C++ program to implement the matrix ADT using a class. The operations supported by
this ADT are:
a) Reading a matrix. b) Addition of matrices. c) Printing a matrix.
d) Subtraction of matrices. e) Multiplication of matrices

Week 10
Write C++ programs that illustrate how the following forms of inheritance are supported:
a)Single inheritance b)Multiple inheritance
c)Multi level inheritance d)Hierarchical inheritance

Week 11
a.)Write a C++ program that illustrates the order of execution of constructors and destructors when new class is derived from
more than one base class.
b) Write a Program to Invoking Derived Class Member Through Base Class Pointer.

Week 12
Write a Template Based Program to Sort the Given List of Elements.

Week 13
a) Write a Program Containing a Possible Exception. Use a Try Block to Throw it and a Catch
Block to Handle it Properly.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

b) Write a Program to Demonstrate the Catching of All Exceptions.

Week 14
Write a C++ program that uses functions to perform the following operations to:
i. Insert a sub-string in to the given main string from a given position.
ii. Delete n characters from a given position in a given string.

Week 15
a) Write a C++ program to display the contents of a text file.
b) Write a C++ program which copies one file to another.

Week 16
Revision laboratory

Text Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by Balagurusamy
2. C++, the Complete Reference, 4th Edition, Herbert Schildt, TMH.

References:
1. C++ Primer, 3rd Edition, S.B.Lippman and J.Lajoie, Pearson Education.
2. The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Edition, B.Stroutstrup, Pearson Education.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -II Sem L T/ P/ D C
- -/3/- 2
(R15A0084) IT WORKSHOP LAB / ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
Objective:
The IT Workshop for engineers is a training lab course. The modules include training on PC
Hardware, Internet & World Wide Web and Productivity tools including Word, Excel, Power
Point and Publisher.

PC Hardware introduces the students to a personal computer and its basic peripherals, the
process of assembling a personal computer, installation of system software like MS Windows ,
Linux and the required device drivers. In addition hardware and software level troubleshooting
process, tips and tricks would be covered.

Internet & World Wide Web module introduces the different ways of hooking the PC on to the
internet from home and workplace and effectively usage of the internet. Usage of web
browsers, email, newsgroups and discussion forums would be covered. In addition, awareness
of cyber hygiene, i.e., protecting the personal computer from getting infected with the viruses,
worms and other cyber attacks would be introduced.

Productivity tools module would enable the students in crafting professional word documents,
excel spread sheets, power point presentations and personal web sites using the Microsoft
suite of office tools and LaTeX.

PC Hardware
Week 1:
Task 1: Generations of computers, Types of Computers, applications of computers Von
Neumann architecture. Identify the different hardware components of a PC & their functions.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Task 2: practice to disassemble and assemble the components of a PC to working condition.

Week 2:
Task 3 : Installation of windows operating system in PC.
Task 4: Exposure to Basic commands in MS-DOS commands like ver, vol, date, time, cls, dir, md,
cd, path, rd, copy con, type, copy, move, del, ren, prompt, ipconfig etc.

Week 3:
Task 5: Installation of operating systems LINUX and different packages on a PC.
Task 6: Exposure to Basic commands in Linux General Purpose utilities like man, who, tty, clear,
date, cal, passwd; File Handling utilities like pwd, mkdir, rmdir, cp, rm, mv, cat, cd, ls, ln; Filters
like wc, cmp, diff, head, tail, sort.

Week 4:
Task 7: Practice hardware troubleshooting exercises related to various components of
computer like monitor, drives, memory devices, printers etc. and software troubleshooting
related to BIOS etc.
NETWORKING
Week 5:
Task 8: Students should get to know about some of the Communication and Transmission
devices, Network cabling, Features of Networking, Communication Protocols, Types of Network
Topologies and Types of Networks.
Internet & World Wide Web

Week 6:
Task 9: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp and surfing the Web using Web Browsers:
Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the
process they should configure the TCP/IP setting and demonstrate how to access the websites
and email. Students customize their web browsers using bookmarks, search toolbars and pop
up blockers.

Week 7:
Task 10: Search Engines and Netiquette (Demonstration): Students should know about
different search engines and their usage. A few topics would be given to the students for which
they need to search on Google etc.

Week 8:
Task 11: Cyber Hygiene (Demonstration): Awareness of various threats on the internet. To

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

install antivirus software and to configure their personal firewall and windows update on their
computers.
Productivity Tools
Documentation

Week 9:
Task 12: Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of LaTeX and Microsoft (MS)
office 2007. Importance of LaTeX and MS office 2007. Give the details about LaTeX/MS word
accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files and Using help and resources.

Week 10:
Task 13: Using LaTeX/Word to create project certificate. Features to be covered:-Formatting
Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and
Colors, Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option and Mail merge in
LaTeX/Word.

Week 11:
Task 14: Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles, Inserting table,
Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols,
Spell Check, Track Changes.
Presentation
LaTeX /MS Power Point

Week 12:
Task15: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them
create basic power point presentation. Topic covered during this week includes :- PPT
Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering,
Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in both LaTeX and Power point. Students will be given model
power point presentation which needs to be replicated (exactly how it’s asked).
Week 13:
Task 16: Second week helps students in making their presentations interactive. Topic covered
during this week includes: Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video, Objects, Tables
and Charts.
Excel

Week 14:
Task 17: Excel Orientation: The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS office 2007/
equivalent (FOSS) tool Excel as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the two tasks and
features that would be covered in each. Using Excel – Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

excel files, Using help and resources.

Week 15:
Task 18: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered:- Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation,
auto fill, Formatting Text.

Week 16:
Task 19 : Calculating GPA - .Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel –
average, standard deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count
function, LOOKUP/VLOOKUP, Sorting, Conditional formatting.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Information Technology, ITL Education Solutions limited, Pearson Education.
2. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Third Edition by David Anfinson
and Ken.
3. Quamme. – CISCO Press, Pearson Education.
4. PC Hardware and A+Handbook – Kate J. Chase PHI (Microsoft).

Outcomes:
 Apply knowledge for computer assembling and software installation
 Ability how to solve the trouble shooting problems.
 Apply the tools for preparation of PPT, Documentation and budget sheet etc.

ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
1. TRADES FOR EXERCISES:
At least two exercises from each trade:
1. Carpentry
2. Fitting
3. Tin-Smithy and Development of jobs carried out and soldering.
4. Black Smithy
5. House-wiring
1. TRADES FOR DEMONSTRATION & EXPOSURE:
1. Plumbing
2. Machine Shop
3. Welding
4. Foundry
5. Metal Cutting (Water Plasma)
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Work shop Manual - P.Kannaiah/ K.L.Narayana/ Scitech Publishers.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Workshop Manual / Venkat Reddy/ BS Publications/Sixth Edition

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -II Sem L T/ P/ D C

- -/3/- 2
(R15A0082) ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB- II

The Language Lab focuses on the production and practice of sounds of language and
familiarises the students with the use of English in everyday situations and contexts.

Objective
 To facilitate computer aided multi-media instruction enabling individualized and
independent language learning
 To sensitise the students to the nuances of English speech sounds, word accent,
intonation and rhythm
 To bring about a consistent accent and intelligibility in their pronunciation of English by
providing an opportunity for practice in speaking
 To improve the fluency in spoken English and neutralize mother tongue influence
 To train students to use language appropriately for interviews, group discussion and
public speaking

EXERCISE –IV
CALL Lab: Word Accent – Rules of Stress and Stress shift
ICS Lab: Describing Object, Places, Persons, Events and Experiences.

EXERCISE –V
CALL Lab: Intonation Types
ICS Lab: Giving Instructions and Directions

EXERCISE –VI
CALL Lab: Neutralisation of Mother Tongue Influence
ICS Lab: Oral Presentations Team and Individual
GRAMMAR EXERCISES: Articles, Prepositions, Concord, Correction of Sentences
VOCABULARY EXERCISES: Antonyms, Synonyms, One word substitutes, Prefix and Suffixes.

PROJECTS
Students have to choose one of the following projects for their internals, and submit before the
end of the semester. This project carries 25 marks.
1. Conduct interview using interrogative sentences.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Students should interview any teacher, or HOD, or Principal, record their responses and submit
the project with those questions and answers. The questions asked should not be less than ten.

2. Project on differences between group discussion and debate.

Students are supposed to do research on the differences between GD and debate and submit a
project on it. There should a minimum of ten points with detailed explanation. Students can use
pictures as well.
3. Book Review
Choose any fiction of your choice and write a book review on the following parameters.
 Characterization, plot, theme, message
Please note that the review is not the summary of the story. The project should not be less than
250 words.
4. Idioms and Phrasal Verbs
Collect at least ten idioms and ten phrasal verbs and concoct a story using those expressions.
Word limit is 250.
5. Project on Kinesics
Students are expected to read and research on body language and their implications. You have
to make a list of at least ten body movements with pictures and explain them properly.
6. UK and US vocabulary
Find words that are used differently in UK and US English. Make separate lists for different
spellings and different pronunciations. The project can answer one or more of the following
questions:
 Which pronunciation do you think are Indians following?
 Which one is your choice? Which one do you feel comfortable in speaking?
 Are we Indians influenced by both UK and US English? How can you prove it?
7. Magazine Article Review
Pick a magazine article with a social relevance, which has around 2500 words. Write a review
of 250 words as a project. Make sure you voice your opinion in the review.
8. Career Guidance Project
Browse the net and gather information on any professional competitive exam of your choice,
like UPSC or GRE. Prepare and present a paper on the scope and relevance of the exam of your
choice. The paper should have a minimum of 300-400 words. Students are expected to answer
the questions asked by the audience after the paper presentation.
9. Mother Tongue Influence
Choose a particular paragraph of 250 words and ask five of your friends, from different states,
to read that. One has to record their accent and pronunciation to check the difference. Make a

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

list of ten words that each one pronounces differently. Find out the reasons behind the
differences in pronunciations.
Also, mention the correct pronunciation in your project with transcription.
10. Correction of Letter Writing: Language, Sentences, Spelling, Tone and Format
Teacher will distribute a set of five letters with errors in spelling, tone, grammar and sentence
construction. Give the correct form of the letters as the project
ELCS Lab:
1. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab:
The Computer aided Language Labfor 40 students with 40 systems, one master console, LAN
facility and English language software for self-study by learners.
System Requirement (Hardware component):
Computer network with Lan with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the following
specifications:
i) P –IV Processor
a)Speed –2.8 GHZ
b)RAM –512 MB Minimum
c)HardDisk –80 GB
ii) Headphones of High quality
2. Interactive Communication Skills (ICS) Lab :
The Interactive CommunicationSkills Lab: A Spacious room with movable chairs and audio-
visual aids with a Public Address System, a T. V., a digital stereo –audio & video system and
camcorder etc.
Books Suggested for English Language Lab Library (to be located within the lab in addition to
the CDs of the text book which are loaded on the systems):
1. Suresh Kumar, E. & Sreehari, P. 2009. A Handbook for English Language Laboratories.
2. New Delhi: Foundation
3. Speaking English Effectively 2ndEdition by Krishna Mohan and N. P. Singh, 2011. Macmillan
Publishers India Ltd. Delhi.
4. Sasi Kumar, V & Dhamija, P.V. How to Prepare for Group Discussion and Interviews. Tata
McGraw Hill
5. Hancock, M. 2009. English Pronunciation in Use. Intermediate. Cambridge: CUP
6. Spoken English: A Manual of Speech and Phonetics by R. K. Bansal & J. B. Harrison.
2013.Orient Blackswan. Hyderabad.
7. Hewings, M. 2009. English Pronunciation in Use. Advanced. Cambridge: CUP
8. Marks, J. 2009. English Pronunciation in Use. Elementary. Cambridge: CUP
9. Nambiar, K.C. 2011. Speaking Accurately. A Course in International Communication. New
Delhi: Foundation
10. Soundararaj, Francis. 2012. Basics of Communication in English. New Delhi: Macmillan
11. Spoken English(CIEFL) in 3 volumes with 6 cassettes, OUP.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

12. English Pronouncing DictionaryDaniel Jones Current Edition with CD.

13. A textbook of English Phonetics for Indian Studentsby T.Balasubramanian (Macmillan)

DISTRIBUTION AND WEIGHTAGE OF MARKS

English Language Laboratory Practical Examination:
1. The practical examinations for the English Language Laboratory shall be conducted as per
the University norms prescribed for the core engineering practical sessions.
2. For the Language lab sessions, there shall be a continuous evaluation during the year for 25
sessional marks and 50 year-end Examination marks. Of the 25 marks, 15 marks shall be
awarded for day-to-day work and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting Internal Lab
Test(s). The year-end Examination shall be conducted by the teacher concerned with the
help of another member of the staff of the same department of the same institution

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

I Year B. Tech ECE -II Sem L T/ P/ D C
2 -/-/- -
(R15A0003) HUMAN VALUES AND SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVES
(MANDATORY COURSE)
Objectives: This introductory course input is intended
a. To help the students appreciate the essential complementarity between ‘VALUES’ and skills’
to ensure sustained happiness and prosperity which are the core aspirations of all human
beings.
b. To facilitate the development of a Holiostic perspective among students towards life,
profession and happiness, based on a correct understanding of the Human reality and the
rest of Existence. Such a holistic perspective form the basis of Value based living in a natural
way.
c. To highlight plausible implications of such a Holistic understanding in terms of ethical
human conduct, trustful and mutually satisfying human behavior and mutually enriching
interaction with Nature.

Unit-I:
Course Introduction – Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process of Value Education:
Understanding the need, basic guidelines, content and process for value Education. Self
Exploration-What is it? Its content and process; ‘Natural Acceptance’ and Experiential
validation-as the mechanism for self exploration. Continuous Happiness and Prosperity-A look
at basic Human Aspirations. Right understanding , Relationship and physical Facilities – the
basic requirements for fulfillment of aspirations of every human being with their correct
priority. Understanding Happiness and prosperity correctly – A critical appraisal of the current
scenario. Method to fulfill the above human aspirations: understanding and living in harmony
at various lavels.

Unit-II:
Understand Harmony in the Human Being – Harmony in Myself: Understanding human being as
a co-existence of the sentient ‘I’ and the material ‘Body’ understanding the needs of self (‘I’)
and ‘Body’-Sukh and Suvidha. Understanding the body as an instrument of ‘I’(I being the does,
seer and enjoyer). Understanding the characteristics and activities of ‘I’ and harmony in ‘I’ .
Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Swasthya: correct appraisal of
physical needs, meaning of prosperity in detail. Programs to ensure sanyam and Swasthya.

Unit-III:
Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society-Harmony in Hum an-Human Relationship:
Understanding harmony in the Family – the basic unit of human interaction. Understanding
values in human-human relationship; meaning of Nyaya and program for its fulfillment to
ensure Ubhay-tripti: Trust (Vishwas) and Respect (Samman) as the foundational values of

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

relationship. Understanding the meaning of Vishwas: Difference between intention and

competence. Understanding the meaning of Samman,Difference between respect and
differentiation; the other salient values in relationship. Understanding the harmony in the
society (socity being an extension of family): Samadhan, Samridhi, Abhay, Sah-astitva as
comprehensive Human Goals. Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society – Undivided
society(Akhand Samaj), Universal Order (Sarvabhaum Vyawastha) –from family to world family!

Unit-IV:
Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence – Whole existence as Co-existence:
Understanding the harmony in the Nature. Interconnectedness and mutual fulfillment among
the four orders of nature recyclability and self-regulation in nature. Understanding Existence as
Co-existence (SAh-astiva) of mutually interacting units in all –pervasive space. Holistic
perception of harmony at all level of existence.

Unit-V:
Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Societal Perspectives:
Natural acceptance of human values. Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct. Basis of
Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order. Competence in
Societal Perspectives:
a) Ability to utilize the professional competence for augmenting universal human order.
b) Ability to identify the scope and characteristics of people-friendly and eco-friendly
production systems.
c) Ability to identify and develop appropriate technologies and management patterns for
above production system.
Case studies of typical holistic technologies, management models and production systems.
Strategy for transition from the present state to Universal Human Order:
a) At the level of individual: as socially and ecologically responsible engineers, technologists
and managers.
b) At the level of society: as mutually enriching institutions and organizations.

TEST BOOKS
1. R R Gaur, R Sangal, G P BAgaria, 2009 A Foundation Course in Human Values and
professional Ethics.
2. Prof.KV Subba Raju, 2013, Success secrets for Engineering students , Smart student
Publications,3rd Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Ivan llich,1974, Energy & Equity, The Trinity press, Worcester and Harpercollins, USA.
2. E.F.Schumacher, 1973, small is Beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered, Blond
& Briggs,Britain.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

3. A Nagraj, 1998, Jeevan Vidya ek Parichay, Divya path Sansathan Amarkantak.

4. Sussan George, 1976, How the other Half Dies, Penguin press Reprinted 1986,1991.
5. PL Dhar, RR Gaur,1990 Science and Humanism Commonwealth Publishers.
6. A.N.Tripathy,2003, Human Values, New Age International Publishers
7. Subhas Palekar, 2000, How to practice Natural Farming, Pracheen(Vaidik) Krishi Tantra
Shodh, Amravati.
8. Donella H.Meadows,Dennis L. Meadows, Jorgen Randers, Willian A. Behrens lll, 1972, Limits
to Growth –Club of Rome’s report Universe Books.
9. E.G Seebauer & Robert L. Beery, 2000, Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists & Engineers,
Oxford University Press.
10. M Govindrajran , S Natrajan & V.S Senthil kuma, Engineering Ethichs (including Human
Values), Eastern Economy Edition, prentice Hall of India Ltd.

Relevant CD,s Movies, Documentaries & other Literature:

1. Value Education website http://www.uptu.ac.in
2. Story of stuff,htt://www.storyofstuff.com
3. Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, Paramount classics,USA
4. Charlie Chaplin, Modern Times, United Artists, USA
5. IIT Delhi, Modern Technology-the Untold Story

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II B.Tech ECE I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/-/- 3
(R15A0023) MATHEMATICS – III

OBJECTIVES: To learn
 The evaluation of improper integrals, Beta and Gamma functions.
 Series solutions for Legendre and Bessel differential equations, analyzing the properties of
Legendre and Bessel polynomials.
 Differentiation and Integration of complex valued functions. Evaluation of integrals using
Cahchy’s integral formula.
 Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series and Laurent’s series expansions of complex functions
Evaluation of integrals using residue theorem.
 Transform a given function from z - plane to w – plane. Identify the transformations like
translation, magnification, rotation and reflection and inversion , Properties of bilinear
transformations

.UNIT – I
Improper Integration: Beta and Gamma functions – Relation between them, their properties –
Evaluation of Improper Integrals using Beta and Gamma functions.
UNIT – II
Special Functions: Legendre’s Differential equation, General solution of Legendre’s equation,
Legendre polynomials Properties: Rodrigue’s formula – Recurrence relations, Generating function of
Legendre’s polynomials – Orthogonality. Bessel’s Differential equation, Bessel functions properties: –
Recurrence relations, Orthogonality, Generating function , Trigonometric expansions involving Bessel
functions.
UNIT – III
Complex Functions –Differentiation and Integration: Complex functions and its representation on
Argand plane, Concepts of limit Continuity, Differentiability, Analyticity, Cauchy-Riemann conditions,
Harmonic functions – Milne – Thompson method. Line integral – Evaluation along a path and by
indefinite integration – Cauchy’s integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Generalized integral
formula.
UNIT – IV
Power series expansions of complex functions and contour Integration: Radius of convergence –
Expansion in Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series and Laurent series. Singular point –Isolated singular
point – pole of order m – essential singularity. Residue – Evaluation of residue by formula and by
Laurent series – Residue theorem. Evaluation of integrals of the type

(a) Improper real integrals (b)

UNIT – V

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Conformal mapping: Transformation of z-plane to w-plane by a function, Conformal transformation.

Standard transformations- Translation; Magnification and rotation; inversion and
reflection,Transformations like ez , log z, z2, and Bilinear transformation. Properties of Bilinear
transformation, determination of bilinear transformation when mappings of 3 points are given .

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Engineering Mathematics-3 By T.K.V.Iyengar andB.Krishna Gandhi Etc
REFERENCES:
1. Complex Variables Principles And Problem Sessions By A.K.Kapoor, World Scientific Publishers
2. A Text Book Of Engineering Mathematics By N P Bali, Manesh Goyal
3. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.
OUTCOMES:
After going through this course the student will be able to:
 Identify Bessel equation and Legendre equation and solve them under special conditions
with the help of series solutions method. Also recurrence relations and orthogonality properties
of Bessel and Legendre polynomials.
 Analyze the complex functions with reference to their analyticity, Integration using
Cauchy’s integral theorem,
 Find the Taylor’s and Laurent series expansion of complex functions
 The conformal transformations of complex functions can be dealt with ease.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II B.Tech ECE I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/-/- 4
(R15A0401) ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

OBJECTIVES
This is a fundamental course, basic knowledge of which is required by all the circuit branch engineers
.this course focuses:
 To familiarize the student with the principal of operation, analysis and design of junction diode
.BJT and FET transistors and amplifier circuits.
 To understand diode as a rectifier.
 To study basic principal of filter of circuits and various types
UNIT-I
P-N Junction diode: Qualitative Theory of P-N Junction, P-N Junction as a diode , diode equation , volt-
amper characteristics temperature dependence of V-I characteristic , ideal versus practical –resistance
levels( static and dynamic), transition and diffusion capacitances, diode equivalent circuits, load line
analysis ,breakdown mechanisms in semiconductor diodes , zener diode characteristics.
Special purpose electronic devices: Principal of operation and Characteristics of Tunnel Diode with the
help of energy band diagrams, Varactar Diode, SCR and photo diode
UNIT-II
RECTIFIERS, FILTERS: P-N Junction as a rectifier ,Half wave rectifier, , full wave rectifier, Bridge rectifier ,
Harmonic components in a rectifier circuit, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L- section filter, - section
filter and comparison of various filter circuits, Voltage regulation using zener diode.
UNIT-III
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR: The Junction transistor, Transistor current components, Transistor as
an amplifier, Transistor construction, Input and Output characteristics of transistor in Common Base,
Common Emitter, and Common collector configurations. α and β Parameters and the relation between
them, BJT Specifications. BJT Hybrid Model, h-parameter representation of a transistor, Analysis of
single stage transistor amplifier using h-parameters: voltage gain, current gain, Input impedance and
Output impedance. Comparison of transistor configurations in terms of Ai, Ri ,Av,and Ro,
UNIT-IV
TRANSISTOR BIASING AND STABILISATION: Operating point , the D.C and A.C Load lines, Need for
biasing , criteria for fixing, operating point, B.J.T biasing, Fixed bias, Collector to base bias ,Self bias
techniques for stabilization, Stabilization factors, (s, sI, sII), Bias Compensation using diode and transistor
, (Compensation against variation in VBE, ICO,) Thermal run away, Condition for Thermal stability.
UNIT-V
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR AND FET AMPLIFIER
JFET (Construction, principal of Operation and Volt –Ampere characteristics). Pinch- off voltage-Small
signal model of JFET. FET as Voltage variable resistor, Comparison of BJT and FET. MOSFET
(Construction, principal of Operation and symbol), MOSFET characteristics in Enhancement and
Depletion modes. FET Amplifiers: FET Common source Amplifier, Common Drain Amplifier, Generalized
FET Amplifier, FET biasing.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Integrated Electronics Analog Digital Circuits, Jacob Millman and D. Halkias, McGraw Hill.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory, Boylsted, Prentice Hall Publications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

3. Electronic Devices and Circuits, S.Salivahanan,N.Suresh kumar, McGraw Hill.

4. Electronic Devices and Circuits,Balbir kumar ,shail b.jain, PHI Privated Limted, Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits,K.Lal Kishore B.S Publications
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, G.S.N. Raju, I.K. International Publications, New Delhi, 2006.
3. Electronic Devices and Circuits,A.P Godse, U.A Bakshi , Technical Publications
4. Electronic Devices and Circuits K.S. Srinivasan Anurdha Agencies

OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
 Understand and Analyse the different types of diodes, operation and its characteristics
 Design and analyse the DC bias circuitry of BJT and FET
 Design biasing circuits using diodes and transistors.
 To analyze and design diode application circuits, amplifier circuits and oscillators employing BJT,
FET devices.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0402) SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES:
 Coverage of continuous and discrete-time signals and representations and methods that is
necessary for the analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals.
 Knowledge of time-domain representation and analysis concepts as they relate to difference
equations, impulse response and convolution, etc.
 Knowledge of frequency-domain representation and analysis concepts using Fourier analysis
tools, Z-transform.
 Concepts of the sampling process.
 Mathematical and computational skills needed in application areas like communication, signal
processing and control, which will be taught in other courses.
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS: Elementary Signals- Continuous Time (CT) signals, Discrete Time (DT)
signals, Basic Operations on signals, Classification of Signals.
SIGNAL ANALYSIS: Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation
using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, Closed or complete set of orthogonal functions,
Orthogonality in complex functions.
FOURIER SERIES: Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time periodic signals, Dirichlet’s
conditions, Trigonometric Fourier Series, Exponential Fourier Series, Properties of Fourier series,
Complex Fourier spectrum.
UNIT II:
FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary
signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, Properties of Fourier
transforms.
SAMPLING: Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse
sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under
sampling – Aliasing.
UNIT III:
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS: Introduction to Systems, Classification of
Systems, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems, system, impulse response, Transfer function of a LTI
system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal
bandwidth, System bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener
criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise time.
UNIT IV:
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS: Concept of convolution in time domain, Graphical
representation of convolution, Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of
correlation function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation
between convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by
correlation, Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.

UNIT V:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Review of Laplace transforms, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of region of
convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, Properties of L.T’s relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal.
Laplace transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.
Z–TRANSFORMS: Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Distinction between Laplace, Fourier
and Z transforms, Region of convergence in Z-Transform, Inverse Z- Transform, Properties of Z-
transforms.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.
2. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.
3. Signals and Systems – A. Anand Kumar, PHI Publications, 3rd edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Signals & Systems - Simon Haykin and Van Veen,Wiley, 2nd Edition.
2. Network Analysis - M.E. Van Valkenburg, PHI Publications, 3rd Edn., 2000.
3. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008.
4. Signals, Systems and Transforms - C. L. Philips, J. M. Parr and Eve A. Riskin, Pearson
education.3rd Edition, 2004.
OUTCOMES:
Upon completing this course the student will be able to:
 Represent any arbitrary signals in terms of complete sets of orthogonal functions and
understands
 the principles of impulse functions, step function and signum function.
 Express periodic signals in terms of Fourier series and express the spectrum and express the
 arbitrary signal (discrete) as Fourier transform to draw the spectrum.
 Understands the principle of linear system, filter characteristics of a system and its bandwidth,
the
 concepts of auto correlation and cross correlation and power Density Spectrum.
 Can design a system for sampling a signal.
 For a given system, response can be obtained using Laplace transform, properties and ROC of
L.T.
 Study the continuous and discrete signal relation and relation between F.T., L.T. & Z.T,
properties,
 ROC of Z Transform

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0403) PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESS

OBJECTIVES:
 To provide mathematical background and sufficient experience so that student can read, write
and understand sentences in the language of probability theory.
 To introduce students to the basic methodology of “probabilistic thinking” and apply it to
problems.
 To understand basic concepts of Probability theory and Random Variables, how to deal with
multiple Random Variables.
 To understand the difference between time averages statistical averages.
 To teach students how to apply sums and integrals to compute probabilities, and expectations.
UNIT I:
Probability and Random Variable
Probability: Set theory, Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces,
Events, Probability Definitions and Axioms, Mathematical Model of Experiments, Joint Probability,
Conditional Probability, Total Probability, Bayes’ Theorem, and Independent Events, Bernoulli’s trials.
The Random Variable: Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a Random
Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable
UNIT II:
Distribution and density functions and Operations on One Random Variable
Distribution and density functions: Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson,
Uniform, Exponential Gaussian, Rayleigh and Conditional Distribution, Methods of defining Conditioning
Event, Conditional Density function and its properties, problems.
Operation on One Random Variable: Expected value of a random variable, function of a random
variable, moments about the origin, central moments, variance and skew, characteristic function,
moment generating function, transformations of a random variable, monotonic transformations for a
continuous random variable, non monotonic transformations of continuous random variable,
transformations of Discrete random variable
UNIT III:
Multiple Random Variables and Operations on Multiple Random Variables
Multiple Random Variables: Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function and Properties, Joint
density Function and Properties, Marginal Distribution and density Functions, conditional Distribution
and density Functions, Statistical Independence, Distribution and density functions of Sum of Two
Random Variables and Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem - Unequal Distribution,
Equal Distributions
Operations on Multiple Random Variables: Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables, Joint
Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, and Jointly Gaussian
Random Variables: Two Random Variables case and N Random Variable case, Properties,
Transformations of Multiple Random Variables
UNIT VI:
Stochastic Processes-Temporal Characteristics: The Stochastic process Concept, Classification of
Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, Statistical
Independence and concept of Stationarity: First-Order Stationary Processes, Second-Order and Wide-

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Sense Stationarity, Nth-Order and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic
Processes, Correlation-Ergodic Processes Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross-Correlation
Function and Its Properties, Covariance Functions and its properties, Gaussian Random Processes.
Linear system Response: Mean and Mean-squared value, Autocorrelation, Cross-Correlation Functions.
UNIT V:
Stochastic Processes-Spectral Characteristics: The Power Spectrum and its Properties, Relationship
between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, the Cross-Power Density Spectrum and
Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.
Spectral characteristics of system response: power density spectrum of response, cross power spectral
density of input and output of a linear system

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles -Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, 4th Edition,
2001.
2. Probability and Random Processes-Scott Miller, Donald Childers,2Ed,Elsevier,2012

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Theory of probability and Stochastic Processes-Pradip Kumar Gosh, University Press
2. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing - Henry Stark
and John W. Woods, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition.
3. Probability Methods of Signal and System Analysis- George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC
Gillem, Oxford, 3rd Edition, 1999.
4. Statistical Theory of Communication -S.P. Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications 2003
5. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes Athanasios Papoulis and S.Unnikrishna
Pillai, PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.

OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the subject, students will be able to compute:
 Simple probabilities using an appropriate sample space.
 Simple probabilities and expectations from probability density functions (pdfs)
 Likelihood ratio tests from pdfs for statistical engineering problems.
 Least -square & maximum likelihood estimators for engineering problems.
 Mean and covariance functions for simple random processes.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 4
(R15A0202) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVES
This course introduces the basic concepts of transient analysis of the circuits, the basic two-port
network parameters, design analysis of the filters and attenuators and their use in the circuit theory,
analysis of the locus diagrams, resonance, magnetic circuits. The emphasis of this course is laid on the
basic operation of DC machines which includes DC generators and DC motors.
UNIT - I:
Transient Analysis (First and Second Order Circuits): Introduction to transient response and steady
state response, Transient response of series -RL, RC RLC Circuits for DC excitations, Initial Conditions,
Solution using Differential Equations approach and Laplace Transform method.
UNIT - II:
Two Port Networks: Impedance Parameters, Admittance Parameters, Hybrid Parameters, Transmission
(ABCD) Parameters, Conversion of one of parameter to another, Conditions for Reciprocity and
Symmetry, Interconnection of two port networks in Series, Parallel and Cascaded configurations, Image
Parameters, Illustrative problems.
UNIT-III:
Filters and Symmetrical Attenuators: Introduction to filters, Classification of Filters, Filter Networks,
Characteristic Impedance, Classification of Pass Band and Stop Band, Characteristic Impedance in the
Pass and Stop bands, Constant-k Low Pass and High Pass Filters-derived T-section and π-section, Band
Pass Filter and Band Elimination Filter, Illustrative problems.
Symmetrical Attenuators: T-Type Attenuator, π-Type Attenuator, Bridged T-Type Attenuator,
Lattice Attenuator.
UNIT - IV:
Locus diagrams, Resonance and Magnetic Circuits: Locus diagrams – Series and Parallel RL, RC, RLC
circuits with variation of various parameters - Resonance-Series and Parallel circuits, Concept of band
width and quality factor.
Magnetic Circuits- Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, Concept of self and mutual inductance,
Dot convention, Coefficient of coupling, Composite magnetic circuits, Analysis of series and parallel
magnetic circuits.
UNIT - V:
DC Machines: Principle of operation and operation of DC Generator, EMF equation, Types, Losses and
Efficiency, Magnetization and Load Characteristics of DC Generators. DC Motors-Principle of operation,
Types, Characteristics, Losses and Efficiency, Swinburne’s Test, Speed control of DC Shunt Motor-Flux
and Armature voltage control methods.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electrical Circuits - A. Chakrabarhty, Dhanipat Rai & Sons.
2. Network Analysis - N.C Jagan and C. Lakhminarayana, BS publications.
3. A Text book of Electrical Technology by B.L Theraja and A.K Theraja, S.Chand publications
4. Basic Concepts of Electrical Engineering - PS Subramanyam, BS Publications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Engineering Circuits Analysis - William Hayt and Jack E. Kemmerly, Mc Graw Hill Company, 7th
Edition.
2. Basic Electrical Engineering - S.N. Singh PUI.
3. Electrical Circuits - David A. Bell, Oxford Printing Press.
4. Principles of Electrical Engineering by V.K Mehta, Rohit Mehta, S.Chand publications.
5. Electrical Circuit Analysis - K.S. Suresh Kumar, Pearson Education.

OUTCOMES:
After going through this course the student gets a thorough knowledge on Transient analysis of the
circuits, filters, attenuators and the operation of DC machines with which he/she can able to apply the
above conceptual things to real world problems and applications

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE - I
(R15A0061) MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
OBJECTIVES:
 To enable the student to understand and appreciate, with a practical insight, the importance of
certain basic issues governing the business operations that are needed for sound economic decision
making.
 The main purpose is to provide inputs on an overall analysis of an individual firm namely: demand
and supply, production function, cost analysis, markets etc.
 To understand and analyse the financial formats of the organisation for smooth running of the
business.
Unit-I
Introduction to Managerial Economics: Definition, Nature and scope of Managerial economics, Micro
and Macroeconomic concepts.
Demand Analysis: Demand Determinants, Law of Demand and exceptions. Elasticity Of Demand:
Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance of elasticity of Demand. Demand Forecasting, Factors
governing demand Forecasting, methods of demand Forecasting.
Unit-II
Production & Cost Analysis: Production Function- Isocost and Isoquants MRTS, Least Cost Combination
of Inputs, Cobb-Douglas Production function, Laws of Returns, Internal and External Economies of Scale.
Cost Analysis: Cost concepts. Break-even Analysis (BEA)-Determination of Break-Even Point (simple
problems) - Managerial Significance.
Unit-III
Markets & New Economic Environment: Types of competition and Markets, Features of Perfect
competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition. Objectives and Policies of Pricing- Methods of
Pricing.
Business: Features of different forms of Business Organisation, Changing Business Environment in Post-
liberalization scenario.
Unit-IV
Introduction to Capital and Financial Accounting: Capital and its significance, Types of Capital,
Estimation of Fixed and Working capital requirements, Methods and sources of raising finance – Trading
forecast, Capital Budget, Cash Budget.
Accounting Definition, Concepts and Conventions (GAAP); Formats for preparation of Trial Balance and
Final Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet).
Unit-V
Investment Decision: Features of capital budgeting proposals, Methods of Capital Budgeting: Payback
Method, Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Net Present Value Method (simple problems). Financial
Analysis: Analysis and Interpretation of Liquidity Ratios, Activity Ratios, and Capital structure Ratios and
Profitability ratios.

TEXTBOOKS:
 Varsheney & Maheswari, Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand, 2009.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

 S.A. Siddiqui & A.S. Siddiqui, Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, New Age International
Publishers, Hyderabad 2013
 M. Kasi Reddy & Sarawathi, Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, PHI, New Delhi, 2010.
REFERENCES:

 S.N.Maheswari & S. K. Maheswari, Financial Accounting, Vikas, 2012.

 D.N. Dwivedi, Managerial Economics, Vikas, 2012.
 Justin Paul, Leena, Sebastian, Managerial Economics, Cengage, 2012
 A,R.Aryasri: Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 2011.

OUTCOMES:

Students should be able to understand the basic economic principles, forecast demand and
supply and should be able to estimate cost and understand market structure, pricing practices and able
to interpret the financial results of the organisation.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE - I
(R15A0066) DISASTER MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES:
 Develop an understanding of why and how the modern disaster manager is involved with pre-
disaster and post-disaster activities. Understand the four work objectives of the disaster manager.
 They Know the key personnel or specialists related to disaster management and associate them with
the types of disasters and phases in which they are useful.
Unit-I
Introduction to Disaster Management: Definition, Nature, Types and Magnitude. Factors and
Significance; Difference between Hazard and Disaster; Natural and Manmade Disasters
Unit-II
Consequences of Disasters and Hazards: Economic Damage, Loss of Human and Animal Life, Destruction
of Ecosystem. Pre-Disaster Management- Early Warning and Prediction Systems: Role of IT, RS, GIS, GPS
and ICS
Unit-III
Global Perspective (Natural Disasters): History of Disasters And Types of Hazards: Earthquakes,
Volcanisms, Cyclones, Tsunamis, Floods, Droughts And Famines, Landslides & Avalanches.
Unit-IV
Global Perspective (Man-Made Disasters): Study of Environmental Impacts Induced By Human Activity,
Nuclear Reactor Meltdown, Industrial Accidents, Oil Slicks and Spills, Outbreaks of Disease and
Epidemics, War and Conflicts.
Unit-V
Disaster Management and Planning: Post Disaster Management Planning: Management of Essential
Supplies and Temporary Shelter Relief, Evacuation & other Logistic Management, Site Management,
Medical Trauma and Stress Management, Integrated Developmental Planning For Disaster Management

TEXT BOOKS:
 Bryant Edwards (2005): Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press, U.K.
 Carter, W. Nick, 1991: Disaster Management, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
 Central Water Commission, 1987, Flood Atlas of India, CWC, New Delhi.
REFERENCES:
 Central Water Commission, 1989, Manual Of Flood Forecasting, New Delhi.
 Government of India, 1997, Vulnerability Atlas Of India, New Delhi.
 Sahni, Pardeep Et.Al. (Eds.) 2002, Disaster Mitigation Experiences and Reflections. Prentice Hall Of
India, New Delhi.

OUTCOMES:

 After completing this session, you will be able to affirm the usefulness of integrating management
principles in disaster mitigation work.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

 They can distinguish between the different approaches needed to manage pre- during and post-
disaster periods.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE - I
R15A0067) TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES:
 The Objective of the course is to expose students to the importance of technology in conduct of
business and its skillful management for optimum results.

Unit-I
The Process of Technological Innovation: The Need for a Conceptual Approach, Technological
Innovation as a Conversion Process, Factors Contributing to Successful Technological Innovation.
Strategies For Research and Development: R&D as A Business, Resource Allocation to R&D, R&D
Strategy In the Decision Making Process, Selection and Implementation of R&D Strategy, R and D and
Competitive Advantage, New Product Development- Techniques For Creative Problem Solving.
Unit-II
Financial Evaluation of Research and Development Projects: The Need For Cost Effectiveness, R&D
Financial Forecasts, Risk as a Factor In Financial Analysis, Project Selection Formulae, Allocation of
Resources, DCF and Other Techniques of evaluating R&D ventures.
Unit-III
Research and Development: Programme Planning and Control, Portfolio Planning, Project Planning and
Control, Project Termination, Resource Allocation and Management- New Product Development: New
Product Development as a Competitive Strategy, Market Research For Developing New Products,
Commercialisation of Research Outcomes, Industrial Design, Product Architecture and Design For
Manufacture, Developing Indigenous Substitute For Raw Materials.
Unit-IV
Technological Forecasting For Decision Making: The Definition of Technological Forecasting, Forecasting
System Inputs and Outputs, Classification of Forecasting Techniques, Organisation For Technological
Forecasting, Current Status.
Unit-V
Transfer of Technology: Modes of technology transfer, Price of technology transfer, Negotiation for
price of MOT.
REFERENCES:
 Tarek Khalil: Management of Technology-The Key to Competitiveness and Wealth Creation, McGraw
Hill, Boston, 2009.
 Krishnamacharyulu: Management of Technology, HPH, 2009
 V.K.Narayanan: Managing Technology and Innovation for Competitive Advantage, Pearson
Education, 2009.
 Krishnamacharyulu & Lalitha: Management of Innovation, Himalaya, 2009.
 Norma Harison and Samson: Technology management – Text and cases, TMH, 2009
 Shane: Technology Strategy for Managers and Entrepreneurs, Pearson, 2009
OUTCOMES:
 Improvement of best practices in companies.
 Assessment of impact of technology in different areas to meet desired outputs.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

 Identification of tech mgt activities and areas of strength and weaknesses in specific sectors of
businesses.
 Insight into detailed process of key areas of technology.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
- - / 3 /- 2
(R15A0481) ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB

PART A: (Only for Viva-voce Examination)

Electronic Workshop Practice (In 3 Lab Sessions):
1. Identification, Specifications, Testing of R, L, C Components (Color Codes), Potentiometers,
Switches (SPDT, DPDT, and DIP), Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread Boards, PCB’s
2. Identification, Specifications and Testing of Active Devices, Diodes, BJT’s, Low power
JFET’s, MOSFET’s, Power Transistors, LED’s, LCD’s, SCR, UJT.
3. Study and operation of
i. Multimeters (Analog and Digital)
ii. Function Generator
iii. Regulated Power Supplies
iv. CRO.
PART B: (For Laboratory Examination – Minimum of 10 experiments)
1. P-N junction diode characteristics
2. Zener diode characteristics and zener as voltage regulator
3. Half -wave rectifier with and without filter
4. Full - wave rectifier with and without filter
5. input and output characteristics of transistor in CB characteristics
6. input and output characteristics of transistor in common -emitter configuration
7. h-parameters of CB configuration
8. h-parameters of CE configuration
9. frequency response of CE amplifier
10. frequency response of CC amplifier
11. frequency response of common source FET amplifier
12. UJT CHARACTERISITCS

PART C: Equipment required for Laboratories:

1. Regulated Power supplies (RPS) 0-30 V

2. CRO’s 0-20 MHz
3. Function Generators 0-1 MHz
4. Multimeters
5. Decade Resistance Boxes / Rheostats
6. Decade Capacitance Boxes
7. Ammeters (Analog or Digital) 0-20 μA, 0-50μA, 0-100μA, 0-200μA, 0-10 mA
8. Voltmeters (Analog or Digital) 0-50V, 0-100V, 0-250V
Resistors, Capacitors, BJTs, LCDs, SCRs, UJTs, FETs,LEDs,
9. Electronic Components
MOSFETs,Diodes- Ge& Si type, Transistors – NPN, PNP type

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
- - / 3 /- 2

(R15A0482) BASIC SIMULATION LAB

Note:
 All the experiments are to be simulated using MATLAB or equivalent software
 Minimum of 15 experiments are to be completed
List of experiments:
1. Basic operations on matrices.
2. Generation on various signals and Sequences (periodic and aperiodic), such as unit impulse, unit
step, square, sawtooth, triangular, sinusoidal, ramp, sinc.
3. Operations on signals and sequences such as addition, multiplication, scaling, shifting, folding,
computation of energy and average power.
4. Finding the even and odd parts of signal/sequence and real and imaginary part of signal.
5. Convolution between signals and sequences.
6. Auto correlation and cross correlation between signals and sequences.
7. Verification of linearity properties of a given continuous /discrete system.
8. Verification of time invariance properties of a given continuous discrete system.
9. Computation of unit sample, unit step and sinusoidal response of the given LTI system and
verifying its physical Realizability and stability properties.
10. Gibbs phenomenon.
11. Finding the Fourier transform of a given signal and plotting its magnitude and phase spectrum.
12. Locating the zeros and poles and plotting the pole zero maps in s-plane and z-plane for the given
transfer function.
13. Generation of Gaussian Noise (real and complex), computation of its mean, M.S. Value and its
skew, kurtosis, and PSD, probability distribution function.
14. Sampling theorem verification.
15. Removal of noise by auto correlation/cross correlation.
16. Verification of Weiner-Khinchine relations.
17. Checking a random process for stationary in wide sense.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
2 -/ - /- -
MANDATORY COURSE – II
(R15A0004) FOREIGN LANGUAGE-FRENCH
INTRODUCTION:

In view of the growing importance of foreign languages as a tool for local communication in few
countries French has been identified as one of the most required language after English. So the
consequent emphasis on training students to acquire communicative competence in foreign language,
the syllabus has been designed to develop linguistic and communicative competencies of engineering
students. In the French classes, the focus is on the basic speaking skills.

OBJECTIVES:
 To improve the basic speaking skills of the French language.
 To hone the basic sentence constructions in day to day expressions for communication in their
work place.

SYLLABUS
UNIT-I:
Pronunciation guidelines; Single vowels, Vowels and consonants combinations,; Numbers and Genders;
articles verbs and their groups; present tense; adjectives from singular to plural
UNIT-II
Sentences Structures; Prepositions, affirmatives, Negative and, Interrogative Sentences, The Family,
Conversation, Notes on Vocabulary, Grammar, Liaisons and mechanisms.
UNIT-III
D'où viens-tu (Where do you come from); Vocabulary, Conversation, Notes on Vocabulary, Liaisons
Guidelines. Comparer (Comparing); Vocabulary, Conversation, Liaisons, Ordinal Number up to 100.
Grammar.
UNIT-IV
Le temps (Time); Vocabulary, Grammar; Vocabulary related to - The Family, Vocabulary - Some more
grammar.
UNIT-V
French Expressions and Idioms; Day-to-day Life, At Work, about Sports, Specia Events Other French
Flavours; country of wine, pefumes and landscapes; - Québec and Accadie, , pass time in Suisse, people
of france.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Le Nouveau Sans Frontiere-1, Cle International | 2003 |
2. Cahier d’ activit’es ov Le Nouveau Sans Frontiere-1 Cle International | 2003 |
3. Easy French Step-by-step by Myrna Bell Rochester
2. Ultimate French Beginner-Intermediate (Coursebook) By Livid Language
3. Ã L'Aventure: An Introduction to French Language and Francophone Cultures By by Evelyne
Charvier-Berman, Anne C. Cummings.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES

 The student will be in a position to speak in French, Which is the second most widely learned
foreign language after English, and the ninth most widely spoken language in the world. French
is also the only language, alongside English, that is taught in every country in the world.
 The Student will get the ability to speak French is an advantage on the international job market.
 Students with a good level of French are eligible for French government scholarships to enroll in
postgraduate courses in France in any discipline and qualify for internationally recognized
French degrees.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
2 -/ - /- -
MANDATORY COURSE – II
(R15A0005) FOREIGN LANGUAGES: GERMAN
OBJECTIVES :
1. To familiarize the students with a modern foreign language.
2. To familiarize the students with the sounds of German and their symbols.
3. To familiarize students with German for basic communication and functions in everyday
situations.
4. To familiarize students with the basic of writing simple, direct sentences and short
compositions.
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I
Current trends in German orthography, German grammar and lexical units, discourse models,
oral and written.
UNIT- II
Communication patterns, prose passages, etc.
UNIT- III
Communication skills in everyday situations
UNIT-IV
Training in creative writing in German.
UNIT- V
Training in creative speaking in German.

TEXT BOOKS
Lernziel Deutsch

Reference books:
Themen
Tangram
Sprachkurs Deutsch
Schulz-Griesbach

Outcomes
1. Students familiarize with a modern foreign language – German
2. The students with German get acquainted for basic communication in everyday situations.
3. Students will know with the basics of writing simple direct sentences and short compositions.
4. Students get to know the basics of German language to communicate in the work place when
they find the necessity.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0203) CONTROL SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES
In this course it is aimed to introduce the principles and applications of control systems in everyday life.
The basic concepts of block diagram reduction, transfer function representation, time response and
time domain analysis, solutions to time invariant systems and also deals with the different aspects of
stability analysis of systems in frequency domain and time domain.
UNIT - I:
Introduction: Concept of control system, Classification of control systems - Open loop and closed loop
control systems, Differences, Examples of control systems- Effects of feedback, Feed Back
Characteristics. Mathematical models for mechanical systems – Differential equations and transfer
functions. Analogous systems -Force –Voltage and Force-Current analogy.
Transfer Function Representation: Block diagram algebra, Block diagram representation for mechanical
and electrical systems, Representation by Signal flow graph - Reduction using Mason’s gain formula.
UNIT - II:
Time Response Analysis: Standard test signals, Time response of first order systems ,Characteristic
Equation of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems - Time domain
specifications, Steady state response, Steady state errors and error constants.PID controllers, Effects of
proportional derivative, proportional integral systems on steady state error.
UNIT - III:
Stability Analysis in S-Domain: The concept of stability – Routh-Hurwitz’s stability criterion – qualitative
stability and conditional stability – Limitations of Routh-Hurwitz’s stability.
Root Locus Technique: Concept of root locus - Construction of root locus, Effects of adding poles and
zeros to G(s) H(s) on the root loci.
UNIT - IV:
Frequency Response Analysis: Introduction, Frequency domain specifications, Bode plot diagrams-
Determination of Phase margin and Gain margin, Stability analysis from Bode plots. Polar plots- Nyquist
plots, Stability analysis. Compensation techniques – Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag and Lag-Lead Controllers design
in frequency Domain.
UNIT - V:
State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems: Concepts of state, state variables and state model,
Derivation of state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization, Solving the time invariant state
equations, State Transition Matrix and it’s properties, Concepts of Controllability and observability.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Control Systems Engineering - I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International (P) Limited,
Publishers.
2. Control Systems - A. Ananad Kumar, PHI.
3. Control Systems Engineering by A. Nagoor Kani, RBA Publications.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Control Systems Theory and Applications - S. K. Bhattacharya, Pearson.
2. Control Systems Engineering - S. Palani, TMH.
3. Control Systems - N. K. Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers.
4. Control Systems by S.Hasan Saeed, KATSON BOOKS.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

5. Solutions and Problems of Control Systems by A.K. Jairath, CBS Publishers.

OUTCOMES
After going through this course the student gets a thorough knowledge on open loop and closed loop
control systems, concept of feedback in control systems, transfer function representation through block
diagram algebra and signal flow graphs, time response analysis of different ordered systems through
their characteristic equation and time domain specifications, stability analysis of control systems in s-
domain through R-H criteria and root locus techniques, frequency response analysis through Bode
diagrams, Nyquist, Polar plots and the basics of state space analysis, design of lag, lead compensators,
with which he/she can able to apply the above conceptual things to real world electrical and electronics
problems and applications

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0404) PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS

OBJECTIVES
This subject introduce about wave shaping concepts of both linear and non-linear circuits. Here we can
study about the switching characteristics of diodes and also Here we can study about the designing of
multivibrators and sampling gates. We can also learn about the realization of different logic gates and
their properties.
UNIT 1
LINEAR WAVE SHAPING:
High pass and low pass RC circuits and their response for sinusoidal, step voltage, pulse, and square
wave and ramp inputs. High pass RC circuit as a differentiator. Low pass RC circuit as an integrator.
Attenuators and their application as CRO probe. RL and RLC circuits and their response for step input.
Ringing circuit.
UNIT 2
NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING:
Diode clippers. Transistor clippers. Clipping at two independent levels. Comparator – applications of
voltage comparators – diode comparator. Clamping operation. Clamping circuits using diode with
different inputs. Clamping circuit theorem. Practical clamping circuits.
UNIT 3
MULTIVIBRATORS:
Transistor as a switch - switching times of a transistor. Monostable, bistable and astable multivibrators.
Schmitt trigger.
UNIT 4
SWEEP CIRCUITS:
Voltage sweep simple exponential sweep generator. Errors that define deviation from linearity, UJT
relaxation oscillator – methods of linearising a voltage sweep - bootstrap and
Miller circuits – current sweep– linearising a current sweep by adjusting the driving waveform.
UNIT 5
SYNCHRONISATION, FREQUENCY DIVISION AND LOGIC GATES
Principles of synchronisation – synchroisation of astable multivibrators. Synchronisation of sweep
circuits with symmetrical signals. Phase delay and phase jitter. IC families, DTL, TTL, CMOS, ECL, and
circuits.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms - J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw-Hill, 1991.
2. Solid State Pulse circuits - David A. Bell, PHI, 4th Edn., 2002 .

REFERENCES:
1. Pulse and Digital Circuits – A. Anand Kumar, PHI, 2005.
2. Wave Generation and Shaping - L. Strauss.
3. Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals - R.Venkataraman.

OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the student will be able to;
 Understand the concepts of integrators, differentiators, clippers and clamper circuits
 Learn various switching devices such as diode and transistors
 Difference between logic gates and sampling gates
 Design of multivibrators for various applications, synchronization techniques and sweep circuits
 Realizing logic gates using diodes and transistors

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0405) ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVE
 To familiarize the student with the analysis and design of basic transistor amplifier circuits and
their frequency response characteristics, feedback amplifiers, oscillators, large signal amplifiers
and tuned amplifiers
 To demonstrate basic understanding of amplifier operation.
 To analyze amplifier circuits using hybrid model.
UNIT - I
SINGLE STAGE AMPLIFIERS: Classification of amplifiers, Transistor hybrid model, Analysis of a transistor
CE, CB & CC amplifier circuit using simplified h-parameters, Analysis of CE amplifier with emitter
resistance and emitter follower. Design of single stage RC coupled amplifier using BJT
MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS: Distortion in amplifiers, Analysis of cascaded RC coupled BJT amplifier,
cascode amplifier, Darlington pair, Coupling schemes-RC coupled amplifier, transformer coupled
amplifier, Direct coupled Amplifier, multistage amplifier using JFET
UNIT – II
BJT Amplifiers- Frequency Response: Logarithms, Decibels, general frequency considerations,
Frequency response of an amplifier Analysis at low and High Frequencies, Hybrid-pi (π) common emitter
transistor model, hybrid - π conductances and capacitances, validity of hybrid- π model, variation of
hybrid – π parameters, Millers theorem and its dual, the CE short circuit current gain, current gain with
resistive load, gain-bandwidth product, emitter follower at high frequencies.
UNIT - III
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS: Concept of Feedback and types, transfer gain with feedback, general
characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, Effect of negative feedback on amplifiers characteristics,
voltage series, current series, current shunt, and voltage shunt feedback amplifiers.
OSCILLATORS: Classification of oscillators, Constituents of an oscillator, Barkhausen criterion, RC phase
shift oscillator, Wein-bridge oscillator, Generalized analysis of LC oscillators- Hartley and Colpitts
oscillator, Crystal oscillator ,Stability of oscillator, Wein bridge oscillator, Crystal oscillator, frequency
stability.UJT relaxation oscillator.
UNIT - IV
LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS: Classification , Distortion in amplifiers, class A large signal amplifiers,
transformer coupled class A power amplifier, efficiency of class A amplifier, class B power amplifier,
efficiency of class B amplifier, class B push pull amplifier Complementary symmetry class B push pull
amplifiers, class AB push pull amplifier, class C amplifiers, class D amplifier, thermal stability, heat sink.
UNIT - V
TUNED AMPLIFIERS: Introduction, classification of tuned amplifiers, small signal tuned amplifier, Effect
of cascading single tuned amplifier on bandwidth, Effect of cascading Double tuned amplifier on
bandwidth, Staggered tuned amplifier, stability of Tuned Amplifier

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Integrated Electronics-Jacob Millman and Christos C. Halkias,1991 Ed -2008,TMH.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, B.P Singh, Rekha Singh,Pearson, 2013.
REFERENCE BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Electronic Circuit Analysis- Rashid, Cengage Lerning, 2013.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory-Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, 9 Ed,2008 PE.
3. Microelectric Circuits-Sedra and Smith-5 Ed., 2009, Oxford University press.
4. Electronic Circuit Analysis-K.LalKishore, 2004, BSP.
5.Electronic Devices and Circuits-S.Salivahanan ,N.Suresh Kumar,A Vallavaraj,2Ed.,2009, TMH.

OUTCOMES
 Design and analyze the DC bias circuitry of BJT and FET.
 Analyze the different types of amplifiers, operation and its characteristics
 Design circuits like amplifiers, oscillators using the transistors diodes and oscillators

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 4
(R15A0406) ELECTROMAGNETICS THEORY AND TRANSMISSION LINES

OBJECTIVES
The course objectives are:
 To introduce the student to the coordinate system and its implementation to electromagnetics.
 To elaborate the concept of electromagnetic waves and transmission lines, and their practical
applications.
 To study the propagation, reflection, and transmission of plane waves in bounded unbounded
media.
 To present the concepts of transmission lines, and this is a prerequisite course for
“Antennas”
UNIT - I:
Electrostatics: Review of coordinate system, Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity - Fields due to
Different Charge Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential,
Relations Between E and V, Maxwell's Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Divergence
theorem, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation, Relaxation
Time, Poisson's and Laplace's Equations; Capacitance - Parallel plate, Illustrative Problems.
UNIT - II:
Magnetostatics: Biot - Savart's Law , Ampere's Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density,
Maxwell's Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due to
Magnetic Fields, Ampere's Force Law, Inductance and Magnetic Energy, Illustrative Problem.
Maxwell's Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday's Law and Transformer EMF, Inconsistency of
Ampere's Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell's Equations in Differrent Final Forms,
Conditions at a Boundry Surface: Dielectric - Dielectric, Illustrative Problems.
UNIT - III:
EM Wave Characteristics - I: Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform
Plane Waves - Definition, All Relations Between E & H, Sinusoidal Variations, Wave Propagation in
Lossless and Conducting Media, Conductors & Dielectrics - Characterization, Wave Propagation in Good
Conductors and Good Dielectrics, Illustrative Problems.
EM Wave Characteristics - II: Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves - Normal for both perfect
Conductor and perfect Delectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection, Surface
Impedance, Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem - Applications, Power Loss in a Plane Conductor.,
Illustrative Problems.
UNIT - IV:
Transmission Lines - I: Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary Constants,
Expressions for Characteristics Impedence, Propagation Constant, Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite
Line Concepts, Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization, Distortion - Condition for Distortionlessness and
Minimum Attenuation,Illustrative Problems.
UNIT - V:
Transmission Lines - II: SC and OC Lines, Input Impedance Relations, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, λ/4, λ
2, λ /8 Lines - Impedance Transformations, Significance of Zmin and Zmax, Smith Chart - Configuration
and Applications, Single Stub Matching, Illustrative Problems.
TEXT BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Elements of Electromagnetics - Matthew N. O. Sadiku, 4th., Oxford Univ. Press.

2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems - E.C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, 2nd Ed., 2000,
PHI.
3. Transmission Lines and Networks - Umesh Sinha, Satya prakashan, 2001, (Tech. India
Publications), New Delhi.
REFERENCES BOOKS:
1. Engineering Electromagnetics - Nathan Ida, 2ndEd., 2005, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Engineering Electromagnetics - William H. Hay Jr. and John A. Buck, 7thEd., 2006, TMH.
3. Electromagnetics Fields Theory and Transmission Lines - G. Dashibhushana Rao, Wiley India,
2013.
4. Networks, Lines and Fields - John D. Ryder, 2nd Ed., 1999, PHI.

OUTCOMES
Upon the successful completion of the course, students will be able to;
 Study time varying Maxwell equations and their applications in electromagnetic problems
 Determine the relationship between time varying electric and magnetic field and electromotive
force
 Analyze basic transmission line parameters in phasor domain
 Use Maxwell equation to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves in vaccum
 Show how waves propagate in dielectrics and lossy media
 Demonstrate the reflection and refraction of waves at boundaries
 Explain the basic wave guide operation and parameters

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3

(R15A0407) SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN

OBJECTIVES
This course provides in-depth knowledge of switching theory and the logic design techniques of digital
circuits, which is the basis for design of any digital circuit. The course objectives are:
 To learn basic techniques for the design of digital circuits and fundamental concepts used in the
design of digital systems.
 To understand common forms of number representation in digital electronic circuits and to be
able to convert between different representations.
 To implement simple logical operations using combinational logic circuits
 To design combinational logic circuits, sequential logic circuits.
 To impart to student the concepts of sequential circuits, enabling them to analyze sequential
systems in terms of state machines.
 To implement synchronous state machines using flip-flops.
UNIT -I:
Number System and Boolean Algebra And Switching Functions:
Number Systems, Base Conversion Methods, Complements of Numbers, Codes- Binary Codes, Binary
Coded Decimal Code and its Properties, Unit Distance Codes, Error Detecting and Correcting Codes,
Hamming Code.
Boolean Algebra:
Basic Theorems and Properties, Switching Functions, Canonical and Standard Forms, Algebraic
Simplification of Digital Logic Gates, Properties of XOR Gates, Universal Logic Gates.Multilevel
NAND/NOR realizations.
UNIT -II:
Minimization and Design of Combinational Circuits:
K- Map Method, up to Five variable K- Maps, Don’t Care Map Entries, Prime and Essential prime
Implications, Quine Mc Cluskey Tabular Method, Combinational Design, Arithmetic Circuits, Comparator,
decoder, Encoder, Multiplexers, DeMultiplexers, Code Converters.
UNIT -III:
Sequential Machines Fundamentals:
Introduction, Basic Architectural Distinctions between Combinational and Sequential circuits,
classification of sequential circuits, The binary cell, The S-R-Latch Flip-Flop The D-Latch Flip-Flop, The
“Clocked T” Flip-Flop, The “ Clocked J-K” Flip-Flop, Design of a Clocked Flip-Flop, Conversion from one
type of Flip-Flop to another, Timing and Triggering Consideration.
UNIT -IV:
Sequential Circuit Design and Analysis:
Introduction, State Diagram, Analysis of Synchronous Sequential Circuits, Approaches to the Design of
Synchronous Sequential Finite State Machines, Design Aspects, State Reduction, Design Steps,
Realization using Flip-Flops Counters - Design of Ripple Counter, Synchronous counter, Ring Counter,
Registers, Shift Register.
UNIT -V:
Sequential Circuits:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Finite state machine- capabilities and limitations ,Mealy and Moore models, , minimization of
completely specified and incompletely specified sequential machines, Partition techniques and Merger
chart methods-concept of minimal cover table.
Algorithmic State Machines:
Salient features of the ASM chart-Simple examples- Weighing machine and Binary multiplier.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Design- Morris Mano, PHI, 3rd Edition.
2. Switching Theory and Logic Design-A. Anand Kumar, PHI, 2nd Edition.
3. Switching and Finite Automata Theory- Zvi Kohavi & Niraj K. Jha, 3rd Edition, Cambridge.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Switching Theory and Logic Design – Fredriac J. Hill, Gerald R. Peterson, 3rd Ed,John
Wiley & Sons Inc.
2. Digital Fundamentals – A Systems Approach – Thomas L. Floyd, Pearson, 2013.
3. Switching Theory and Logic Design – Bhanu Bhaskara –Tata McGraw Hill Publication, 2012
4. Fundamentals of Logic Design- Charles H. Roth, Cengage LEanring, 5th, Edition, 2004.
5. Digital Logic Applications and Design- John M. Yarbrough, Thomson Publications, 2006. 6. Digital Logic
and State Machine Design – Comer, 3rd, Oxford, 2013.

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course, student should possess the following skills:
 Be able to manipulate numeric information in different forms
 Be able to manipulate simple Boolean expressions using the theorems and postulates of
Boolean algebra and to minimize combinational functions.
 Be able to design and analyze small combinational circuits and to use standard combinational
functions to build larger more complex circuits.
 Be able to design and analyze small sequential circuits and to use standard sequential functions
to build larger more complex circuits.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE - II
(R15A0064) ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

OBJECTIVES:
 It enables the student to understand the foundations of Enterprise planning and ERP System
Options.

Unit-I
Introduction to ERP: Foundation for Understanding ERP systems-Business benefits of ERP-The
challenges of implementing ERP system-ERP modules and Historical Development.
Unit-II
ERP System Options & Selection Methods: Measurement of project Impact- information Technology
Selection-ERP proposal evaluation-Project Evaluation Technique.
Unit-III
ERP System Installation Options: IS/IT Management results-Risk Identification analysis-System Projects-
Demonstration of the system-Failure method-system Architecture & ERP.
Unit-IV
ERP-Sales and Marketing- Management control process in sales and marking-ERP customer Relationship
Management-ERP systems- Accounting & Finance control processes. Financial modules in ERP systems.
Unit-V
ERP–Production and Material Management-Control process on production and manufacturing-
Production module in ERP- supply chain Management & e-market place-e-businesses & ERP-e supply
chain & ERP- Future directions for ERP.

TEXT BOOK:
 Mary Sumner “Enterprise Resource Planning” Pearson, 2012.
 David L.Olson “Managerial Issues in ERP systems” TMH 2012.

REFERENCES:
 Ellen Monk “Enterprise Resource Planning” Cengage, 2012.
nd
 Alexis Leon “Enterprise Resource Planning” 2 Edition, TMH ,2012
 Goyal “Enterprise Resource Planning” TMH, 2012
 Jagan Nathan Vaman “ERP Strategies for Steering Organizational competence and competitive
Advantage” TMH, 2012.
 Rajesh Ray “Enterprise Resource Planning” TMH, 2012
 Jyotindra Zaveri, Enterprise Resource Planning, HPH, 2012.

OUTCOMES:
 The student understands the challenges in implementation of ERP system, ERP System
Implementation options, and functional modules of ERP.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE - II
(R15A0065) MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
OBJECTIVES:
 This course is intended to familiarize the students with the basic knowledge of Management related
concepts, Organization structures, Control charts, Marketing management, Human resource
management, Project management, Strategic management in order to achieve the positions of
future leaders and managers.
Unit-I
Introduction to Management: Nature of Management, importance functions of Management, Systems
approach to Management, Taylor’s scientific Management theory, Fayal’s principles of Management,
Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Hertzberg Two Factor Theory of
Motivation, Leadership Styles, Social responsibilities of Management.
Unit-II
Organization Structures, Control charts and Marketing Management: Line Organization structure, Line
and Staff organization structure, Matrix organization structure, Team Organization structure, Control
charts ( chart, R chart, C chart, P chart), EOQ, ABC analysis, Functions of Marketing, Marketing Mix,
Marketing strategies based on PLC.
Unit-III
Human Resource Management: Importance of HRM, HRM Vs PMIR (Personnel Management and
Industrial Relations), Functions of HR Manager: Man power planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training
and Development, Wage and Salary administration, Performance Appraisal, Grievance handling and
welfare administration, Job evaluation, and merit rating.
Unit-IV
Project Management(PERT and CPM): Network analysis, Program Evaluation and Review
Technique(PERT), Critical Path Method (CPM), Identifying Critical path, Probability of completing the
project within given time, Project cost analysis, Project crashing(simple problems).
Unit-V
Strategic Management: Vision, Mission, Goals, Objectives, Policy, Strategy, Programs, Corporate
planning process, Environmental scanning, SWOT analysis, Steps in strategy formulation and
implementation.
TEXT BOOKS:
 Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihrich, A.R.Aryasri, Principles of Management, TMH, 2010.
 K. Aswathappa, “Human Resource Management, Text and Cases”, TMH, 2011.
 Philip Kotler, Kevin Lane Keller, Abraham Koshy and Mithleshwar Jha: Marketing Management, 13/e,
Pearson Education, 2012.
 Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, Production and Operations Management, Universities Press, 2012.

REFERENCES:
 Dilip Kumar Battacharya, Principles of Management, Pearson, 2012.
 Gary Dessler, “Human Resource Management”, 12 Edition, Pearson- 2012.
 Rajan Saxena: Marketing Management, 4/e, TMH, 2013
 Aryasri: Management Science, McGraw Hill, 2012
OUTCOMES:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

• To know the basic management practices, functional areas of the organisation which helps
the students to build up their career in the corporate world.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE - II
(R15A0069) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
OBJECTIVES:
 The objective of this course is to provide the knowledge on International IPR’s and to make students
efficient to take decisions in Global Corporate.

Unit-I
Introduction: Intellectual property rights basics, the role and value of IP in international commerce,
Issues affecting IP internationally. Agreement on trade related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
(TRIPS) - Agreement on TRIPS and India.
Unit-II
Parties to IP Rights: Owner, customer, authorized user, licensee, attorney, protection of the weak and
strong, finalizing ownership and use rights.
Unit-III
Ensuring the value of IP: Ensuring the value of IP at creation stage, after creation stage, precise
contractual protection of IP rights. Key issues related to IP internationally. IP rights in international
forums. Fundamentals in Country legal systems, generalities. Validity of IP rights locally: specifics.
Unit-IV
Managing IP Rights: Acquiring IP Rights: letters of instruction, joint collaboration agreement, work made
for hire agreement - Protecting IP Rights: non disclosure agreement, cease and desist letter, settlement
memorandum. Transferring IP Rights: assignment contract, license agreement, deed of assignment or
license agreement, addendum to unrecorded assignment or license.
Unit-V
Remedies and IPR Evaluation - GATT - WTO - Role of WTO in solving IPR issues.
TEXT BOOKS:
 A short course in International Intellectual Property Rights – Karla C. Shippey, World Trade Press –
2nd Edition.
 Intellectual Property Rights – Heritage, Science, & Society under international treaties – A. Subbian, -
Deep & Deep Publications – New Delhi.
REFERENCES:
 Intellectual Property Rights: N K Acharya: ISBN: 9381849309
 Intellectual Property Rights: C B Raju : ISBN-8183870341
 Intellectual Property : Examples and Explanation – Stephen M McJohn, 2/e, ISBN-13: 978-
0735556652
 Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy – Keith E Maskus, PIIE, ISBN paper 0-88132-282-2
OUTCOMES:
• It allows students how to prepare and protect the Inventions , start up ideas and rights of patents
and copy rights etc.,
• This subject brings awareness to the students the basic legal aspects at present following at Global
level.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
- - / 3 /- 2
(R15A0483) ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND PULSE CIRCUITS LAB
Part - I: Electronic Circuits
Minimum eight experiments to be conducted:
I) Design and Simulation in Simulation Laboratory using any Simulation Software. (Minimum 6
Experiments):
1. Common Emitter Amplifier.
2. Common Source Amplifier.
3. Two Stage RC Coupled Amplifier
4. Current shunt and Voltage Feedback Amplifier
5. Cascade Amplifier.
6. Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors
7. RC Phase Shift Oscillator using Transistors
8. Class A Power Amplifier (Transformer less)
9. Class B Complementary Symmetry Amplifier
10. Common base (BJT) / Common gate(JFET) Amplifier.
II) Testing in the Hardware Laboratory (Minimum 2 Experiments):
1. Class A Power Amplifier (with transformer load)
2. Class C Power Amplifier
3. Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier
4. Hartley & Colpitt's Oscillators
5. Darlington Pair
6. MOS CommonSource Amplifier
Equipments required for Laborataries:
1. For software simultation of Electronic circuits
i. Computer Systems with latest specifications
ii. Connected in Lan (Optional)
iii. Operating system (Windows XP)
iv. Suitable Simulations software
v.
2. For Hardware simulations of Electronic Circuits
i. Reulated Power Supply (0-30V)
ii. CROs
iii. Functions Generators
iv. Multimeters
v. Components
3. Windows Xp/ Linux etc.
Part - II: Pulse Circuits
Minimum eight experiments to be conducted:
1. Linear Wave Shaping.
a. RC Low Pass Circuit for different time constants.
b. RC High Pass Circuit for different time constants.
2. Non - Linear Wave Shaping.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

a. Transfer Characteristics and response of Clippers:

i. Positive and Negative Clippers
ii. Clipping at two independent levels
b. The Steady state output waveform of clsmpers for a square wave input
i. Positive and Negative Clampers
ii. Clamping at reference voltage
3. Comparision Operation of Comparators
4. Switching characteristics of a transistor
5. Design a Bistable Multivibrator and draw its waveforms
6. Design a Astable Multivibrator and draw its waveforms
7. Design a Monostable Multivibrator and draw its waveforms
8. UJT relaxation Oscillator
Equipment required for Laborataries:
1. Reulated Power Supply (0-30V)
2. CROs
3. Functions Generators
4. Multimeters
5. Components

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
- - / 3 /- 2
(R15A0281) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
PART – A
1. Verification of KVL and KCL.
2. Series and Parallel Resonance.
3. Determination of two port network parameters – Z and Y Parameters.
4. Determination of two port network parameters – ABCD and h – Parameters.
5. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.
6. Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem.
7. Verification of Thevenin's and Norton’s theorems.
PART – B
8. Magnetization characteristics of DC shunt generator.
9. Swinburne’s test on DC shunt machine.
10. Brake test on DC shunt motor.
11. OC & SC tests on single phase transformer.
12. Load test on single phase transformer.

Note: Any 10 of the above experiments are to be conducted

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B. Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
- -/3/- 2
(R15A0006) GENDER SANITIZATION
(An Activity-based Course)
Course Objectives:
The course objectives are:
 To develop students sensibility with regard to issues of gender in contemporary India.
 To provide a critical perspective on the socialization of men and women.
 To introduce students to information about some key biological aspects of genders.
 To expose the students to debates on the politics and economics of work.
 To help students reflect critically on gender violence.
 To expose students to more egalitarian interactions between men and women.
Unit-I:
UNDERSTANDING GENDER:
Gender: Why should we study It?(Towards a world of Equals: Unit-1)
Socialization: Making Women, making Men(Towards a world of Equals:Unit-2)
Introduction. Preparing for Womanhood. Growing up male, First lessons in /caste, Different
Masculinities.
Just Relationships: Being Together as Equals(Towards a World of Equals:Unit-12)
Mary Kom and Onler, Love and Acid just do not Mix, Love Letters, Mothers and Fathers, Further
Reading: Rosa Parks-The Brave Heart.
Unit-II:
GENDER AND BIOLOGY:
Missing Women: Sex Selection and its Consequences (Towards a World of Equals: Unit-4)
Declining Sex Ratio, Demographic Consequences.
Gender Spectrum : Beyond The Binary(Towards a World of Equals: Unit-10)
Two or Many? Struggles with Discrimination
Additional Reading : Our Bodies, Our Bodies, Our Health(Towards a World of Equals: Unit-13)
Unit-III:
GENDER AND LABOUR:
Housework: the Invisible Labour(Towards a World of Equals: Unit-3)
“ My Mother doesn’t Work.” “ Share the Load”
Women’s Work: Its Politics and Economics(Towards a World of Equals: Unit-7)
Fact and Fiction Unrecognized and Unaccounted work. Further Reading: Wages and Conditions
of Work.
Unit-IV:
ISSUES OF VIOLENCE:
Sexual Harassment: Say No! (Towards a World of Equals: Unit-6)
Sexual Harassment,not-eve-teasing-coping with everyday harassment-further Reading: “
Chupulu”.
Domestic Violence: Speaking Out (Towards a World of Equals: Unit-8)

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Is Home a safe Place?-When Women Unite(Film). Rebuilding Lives. Further Reading: New
Forums for Justice.
Thinking about Sexual Violence (Towards a World of Equals: Unit-11)
Blaming the Victim-“I fought for my Life…”- Further Reading: The Caste Face of Violence
Unit-V:
GENDER STUDIES:
Knowledge: Through the Lens of Gender (Towards a World of Equals: Unit-5)
Point of View, Gender and the Structure of Knowledge. Further Reading : Unackowledged
Women Artists of Telengana.
Whose History? Questions for Historians and others(Towards a World of Equals: Unit-9)
Reclaiming a Past. Writing other Histories. Further Reading: Missing Pages from Modern
Telangana History.
Essential Reading : All The Units in the Textbook, “Towards a World of Equals: A Bilingual
Textbook on Gender” written by A. Suneetha, Uma Bhrugubanda, Duggirala Vasanta, Rama
Melkote, Vasudha Nagaraj, Asma Rasheed, Gogu Shyamala, Deepa Sreenivas and Susie Tharu.
Note: Since it is interdisciplinary Course, Resource Persons can be drawn from the fields of
English Literature or Sociology or Political Science or any other qualified faculty who has
expertise in this field.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Sen, Amartya, “ More than One Million Women are Missing,” New York Review of Books
37.20(20 December 1990) Print ‘ We were Making History…’ Life Stories of Women in
Telangana Peoples Struggle , New Delhi: Kali for Women,1989.
2. Tripti Lahiri “ By the Numbers: Where Indian Women Work “ Womens Studies Journal
(14 November 2012) Available Online at: http://blogs,wsj.com/India real
time/2012/11/14/by- the numbers-where-Indian-women-work/>
3. K. Satyanarayana and Susie Tharu(Ed) Steel Nibs are Sprouting: New Dalit Writing from
South India, Dossier 2: Telugu And Kannada
http://harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book Code-3732
4. Vimala ‘Vantillu ( The Kitchen)” Women Writing in India:600 BC to the Present Volume
II: The 20th Century.Ed.Susie Tharu and K. Lalita Delhi: Oxford University Press,1995
559-601
5. Shatrughuna, Veena et al Womens Work and its Impact on child Health and Nutitution,
Hydeabad, National Institute of Nutrition, India Council of Medical Research,1993.
6. Stree Shakti Sanghatana “We were making history…’ Life Life Stories of Women in
Telangana Peoples Struggle , New Delhi: Kali for Women,1989.
7. Menon, Nivedita Seeing like a feminist, New Delhi: Zubaan-Penguin Books,2012.
8. Jayaprabha, A. ‘Chupulu(stares), Women Writing in India:600 BC to the Present Volume
II: The 20th Century.Ed.Susie Tharu and K. Lalita Delhi: Oxford University Press,1995
596-697
9. Javeed, Shayan and Anupam Manuhaar “ Women and Wage Discrimination in India: A
Critical Analysis”International Journal of Humanities and social science
Invention2.4(2013)

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

10. Gautam, Liela and Gita Ramaswamy “ A Conversation between a Daughter and a
mother” Broardsheet on Contemporary Politics, Special Issue on Sexuality and
Harassment : Gender Politics on Campus Today Ed Madhumeeta Sinha and Asma
Rasheed Hyderabad: Anveshi Research Center for Women’s Studies 2014
11. Abdulali Sohaila “ I fought for my life and Won” Available online at :
http://www.thealterative.in/lifestyle/i-fought-for-my-lifeand-won-sohaila-abdulal/
12. Jeganathan Pradeep,Partha Chatterjee (ED) “ Community, Gender and Violence
Subaltern Studies Xf Permanent Black and Ravi Dayal Publishers, New Delhi,2000.
13. K. Kapadia, The Violence of Development: The Politics of Identity, Gender and Social
Inequalities in India London: Zed Books,2002
14. S. Benhabib, Situating the Self: Gender, Community and Post modernism in
contemporary Ethics, London: Routledge,1992
15. Virginia Woolf, A Room of One’s own Oxford: Black Swan 1992
16. T. Banuri and M. Mahmood , Just Development: Beyond Adjustment with a Human Face,
Karachi: Oxford University Press,1997.
Course Outcomes:
 Students will have developed a better understanding of important issues related to
gender in contemporary India.
 Students will be sensitized to basic dimensions of the biological, sociological,
psychological and legal aspects of gender. This will be achieved through discussion of
materials derived from research, facts, everyday life, literature and film.
 Students will attain a finer grasp of how gender discrimination works in our society and
how to counter it.
 Students will acquire insight into the gendered division of labour and its relation to
politics and economics.
 Men and Women students and professionals will be better equipped to work and live
together as equals.
 Students will develop a sense of appreciation of women in all walks of life.
 Through providing accounts of studies and movements as well as the new laws that
provide protection and relief to women thetextbook will empower students to
understand and respond to gender violence.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 4

(R15A0408) IC APPLICATIONS
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the course are:
 To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.
 To teach the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.
 To teach the theory of ADC and DAC.
 To introduce the concepts of waveform generation and introduce some special function ICs.
 To understand and implement the working of basic digital circuits.
UNIT - I:
Operational Amplifier: Ideal and Practical Op-Amp, Op-Amp Characteristics, DC and AC Characteristics,
Features of 741 Op-Amp, Modes of Operation - Inverting, Non-Inverting, Differential, Instrumentation
Amplifier, AC Amplifier, Differentiators and Integrators, Comparators, Schmitt Trigger, Introduction to
Voltage Regulators, Features of 723 Regulator, Three Terminal Voltage Regulators.
UNIT - II:
Op-Amp, IC-555 & IC 565 Applications: Introduction to Active Filters, Characteristics of Band pass, Band
reject and All Pass Filters, Analysis of 1st order LPF & HPF Butterworth Filters, waveform Generators -
Triangular, Sawtooth, Square wave, IC555 Timer - Functional Diagram, Monostable and Astable
Operations, Applications, IC565 PLL - Block Schematic, Description of Individual Blocks, Applications.
UNIT - III:
Data Converters: Introduction, Basic DAC techniques, Different types of DACs-Weighted resistor DAC, R-
2R ladder DAC, Inverted R-2R DAC, Different Types of ADCs - Parallel Comparator Type ADC, Counter
Type ADC, Successive Approximation ADC and Dual Slope ADC, DAC and ADC Specifications.
UNIT - IV:
Digital Integrated Circuits: Classification of Integrated Circuits, Combinational Logic ICs - Specifications
and Applications of TTL-74XX & CMOS 40XX Series ICs - Code Converters, Decoders, Demultiplexers,
Encoders, Priority Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Parity Generators/Checkers, Parallel Binary
Adder/ Subtractor, Magnitude Comparators.
UNIT - V:
Sequential Logic IC's and Memories: Familiarity with commonly available 74XX & CMOS 40XX Series ICs
- All Types of Flip-flops, conversion of Flipflops, Synchronous Counters, Decade Counters, Shift Registers.
Memories - ROM Architecture, Types of ROMS & Applications, RAM Architecture, Static & Dynamic
RAMs.

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Linear Integrated Circuits – D. Roy Chowdhury, New Age International (p) Ltd, 2nd Edition,2003.
2. Op-Amps & Linear ICs - Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, PHI, 2003.
3. Digital fundamentals – Floyd and Jain, Pearson Education,8th Edition ,2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Op Amps & Linear Integrated circuits-Concepts and Applications James M.Fiore,Cengage
Learning/Jaico,2009.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Operational Amplifiers with linear integrated circuits by K.Lal kishore-Pearson,2009.

3. Linear integrated circuits and applications-Salivahana,TMH.
4. Modern digital electronics-RP Jain-4/e-TMH,2010.
5. Digital design principles and practices-John.F.Wakerly 3/e,2005.
6. Operational amplifiers with linear integrated cuircuits,4/e William D.Stanley,Pearson education
India,2009.

OUTCOMES:
On completion of this course, the students will have:
1. A thorough understanding of operational amplifiers with linear integrated circuits.
2. Understanding of the different families of digital integrated circuits and their characteristics.
3. Also students will be able to design circuits using operational amplifiers for various applications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 4
(R15A0409) ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

OBJECTIVES
 Emphasize on the study of principles of communication theory.
 Focus on the fundamentals of communication system.
 Introduce the techniques of transmitting and receiving information signals using analog carrier
modulation techniques (AM, FM, PM) and evaluate their performance levels (SNR) in the
presence of channel noise.
 Establish foundation for understanding the relationship among various technical factors useful
in the design & operation of a communication system.
UNIT I
AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Introduction to communication system, Need for modulation, Frequency
Division Multiplexing , Amplitude Modulation: Definition, Time domain and frequency domain
description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves, Generation of AM waves: square law
Modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves: Square law detector, Envelope detector.
DSB-SC modulation: Double side band suppressed carrier modulation, time domain and frequency
domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves: Balanced Modulators, Ring Modulator, Detection of
DSBSC waves: Coherent detection, COSTAS Loop.
Radio Transmitters- Classification of Transmitters.AM Transmitter block diagram and explanation of
each block.
UNIT II
SSB MODULATION: Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method for generation of
AM SSB Modulated Wave, Hilbert Transform & its Properties, Time domain description, Phase
discrimination method for generating AM SSB Modulated waves. Demodulation of SSB Waves.
Vestigial side band modulation: Frequency description, Generation of VSB Modulated wave, Time
domain description, Envelope detection of a VSB Wave plus Carrier, Comparison of AM Techniques,
Applications of different AM Systems.
UNIT III
ANGLE MODULATION: Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone frequency modulation,
Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average Power,
Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave. Generation of FM Waves: Indirect FM, Direct FM: Varactor Diode
and Reactance Modulator. Detection of FM Waves: Balanced Frequency discriminator, Zero crossing
detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of FM & AM. , Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis, FM Transmitter
block diagram and explanation of each block.
UNIT IV
NOISE: Noise in communication System, White Noise, Narrowband Noise –In phase and Quadrature
phase components. Noise Bandwidth, Noise Figure, Noise Temperature, Noise in DSB& SSB System
Noise in AM System, Noise in Angle Modulation System, and Threshold effect in Angle Modulation
System.
UNIT V

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

RECEIVERS: Radio Receiver, Receiver Types: Tuned radio frequency receiver, Superhetrodyne receiver-
RF section, Frequency mixers, tracking, Intermediate frequency, AGC. Receiver Parameters &
Characteristics, FM Receiver and its comparison with AM Receiver.
PULSE MODULATION: Types of Pulse modulation, PAM: Generation (Single polarity, double polarity) and
Demodulation. PWM: Generation & demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and demodulation of
PPM.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Communication Systems- Simon Haykin, 2nd Edition, Wiley Publications.
2. Communication Systems – B.P. Lathi, BS Publication, 2006.
3. Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub & D. Schilling, Gautam Sahe, TMH, 2007 3rd
Edition.

REFERENCES:
1. Electronics & Communication System – George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, TMH 2004.
2. Communication Systems Second Edition – R.P. Singh, SP Sapre, TMH, 2007.
3. Analog & Digital Communication – K.Sam Shanmugam, Wiley 2005
4. Fundamentals of Communication Systems - John G. Proakis, Masond, Salehi PEA, 2006.
5. Electronic Communication Systems- Modulation & Transmission- Robert J.Schoenbeck, 2nd
Edition, PHI

OUTCOMES
 Upon completion of the subject, students will be able:
 Conceptually understand the baseband signal and system
 Identify various elements, processes and parameters in telecommunication systems and
describe their functions, effects and inter relationship
 Design procedure of AM transmission and reception, analyze, measure and evaluate the
performance of the telecommunication system against given criteria
 Understand basic knowledge of FM transmission and reception
Design typical telecommunication systems that consists of basic and essential building blocks

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

III Year B. Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/-/- 3
(R15A0569) COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
Course Objectives:
The course objectives are:
 To have a thorough understanding of the basic structure and operation of a digital
computer.
 To discuss in detail the operation of the arithmetic unit including the algorithms &
implementation of fixed-point and floating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication &
division.
 To study the different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O
interfaces.
 To study the hierarchial memory system including cache memories and virtual memory.
 To demonstrate the knowledge of functions of operating system memory management
scheduling, file system and interface, distributed systems, security and dead locks.
 To implement a significant portion of an Operating System.
UNIT - I:
Basic Structure of Computers: Computer Types, Functional UNIT, Basic Operational Concepts,
Bus, Structures, Software, Performance, Multiprocessors and Multi Computers, Data
Representation, Fixed Point Representation, Floating - Point Representation.
Register Transfer Language and Micro Operations: Register Transfer Language, Register
Transfer Bus and Memory Transfers, Arithmetic Micro Operations, Logic Micro Operations, Shift
Micro Operations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit, Instruction Codes, Computer Registers Computer
Instructions - Instruction Cycle.
Memory - Reference Instructions, Input - Output and Interrupt, STACK Organization, Instruction
Formats, Addressing Modes, DATA Transfer and Manipulation, Program Control, Reduced
Instruction Set Computer.
UNIT - II:
Micro Programmed Control: Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Microprogram Examples,
Design of Control Unit, Hard Wired Control, Microprogrammed Control.
The Memory System: Basic Concepts of Semiconductor RAM Memories, Read-Only Memories,
Cache Memories Performance Considerations, Virtual Memories secondary Storage,
Introduction to RAID.
UNIT - III:
Input-Output Organization: Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous Data
Transfer Modes, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access, Input-Output Processor (IOP), Serial
Communication; Introduction to Peripheral Components, Interconnect (PCI) Bus, Introduction
to Standard Serial Communication Protocols like RS232, USB, IEEE1394.
UNIT - IV:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Operating Systems Overview: Overview of Computer Operating Systems Functions, Protection

and Security, Distributed Systems, Special Purpose Systems, Operating Systems Structures-
Operating System Services and Systems Calls, System Programs, Operating System Generation.
Memory Management: Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Structure of the
Page Table, Segmentation, Virtual Memmory, Demand Paging, Page-Replcement Algorithms,
Allocation of Frames, Thrashing Case Studies - UNIX, Linux, Windows
Principles of Deadlock: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Deadlock Prevention,
Detection and Avoidance, Recovery from Deadlock.
UNIT - V:
File System Interface: The Concept of a File, Access Methods, Directory Structure, File System
Mounting, File Sharing, Protection.
File System Implementation: File System Structure, File system Implementation, Directory
Implementation, Allocation Methods, Free-Space Management.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Organization - Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, SafeaZaky, 5th Edition,
McGraw Hill.
2. Computer System Architecture - M. moris mano, 3rd edition, Pearson
3. Operating System Concepts - Abreham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne, 8th
Edition, John Wiley.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Computer Organization and Architecture - William Stallings 6th Edition, Pearson
2. Structured Computer Organization - Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, PHI
3. Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design - Sivaraama Dandamudi, Springer
Int. Edition
4. Operating Systems - Internals and Design Principles, Stallings, 6th Edition - 2009,
Pearson Education.
5. Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S Tanenbaum 2nd Edition, PHI
6. Principles of Operating System, B. L. Stuart, Cengage Learning, India Edition.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students will have through knowledge about:
 Basic structure of a digital computer
 Arithmetic operations of binary number system
 The organization of the Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logical Unit, Memory Unit and the
I/O unit.
 Operating system functions, types, system calls.
 Memory management techniques and dead lock avoidance
 Operating systems file system and implementation and its interface.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0410) DIGITAL DESIGN THROUGH VERILOG

OBJECTIVE:
This course teaches:
 Designing digital circuits, behavior and RTL modeling of digital circuits using verilog HDL,
verifying these Models and synthesizing RTLmodels to standard cell libraries and FPGAs.
 Students aim practical experience by designing, modeling, implemeting and verifying several
digital circuits.
This course aims to provide students with the understanding of the different technologies related to
HDLs, construct, compile and execute Verilog HDL programs using provided software tools. Design
digital components and circuits that are testable, reusable, and synthesizable.
UNIT - I:
IntroductiontoVerilLog HDL: Verilog as HDL, Levels of Design Description, Concurrency, Simulation and
Synthesis, Function Verification, System Tasks, Programming Language Interface, Module, Simulation
and Synthesis Tools
Language Constructs and Conventions: Introduction, Keywords, Identifiers, White Space, Characters,
Comments, Numbers, Strings, Logic Values, Strengths, Data Types, Scalars and Vectors, Parameters,
Operators.
UNIT - II:
Gate Level Modeling: Introduction, AND Gate Primitive, Module Structure, Other Gate Primitives,
Illustrative Examples, Tristate Gates, Array of Instances of Primitives, Design of Flip-Flops with Gate
Primitives, Delay, Strengths and Construction Resolution, Net Types, Design of Basic Circuit.
Modeling at Dataflow Level: Introduction, Continuous Assignment Structure, Delays and Continuous
Assignments, Assignment to Vector, Operators.
UNIT - III:
Behavioral Modeling: Introduction, Operations and Assignments, 'Initial' Construct, Assignments with
Delays, 'Wait ‘Construct, Multiple Always Block, Design at Behavioral Level, Blocking and Non-Blocking
Assignments, The 'Case' Statement, 'If' an 'if-Else' Constructs, 'Assign- De-Assign' Constructs, 'Repeat'
Construct, for loop, 'The Disable' Construct, 'While Loop', Forever Loop, Parallel Blocks, Force-Release,
Construct, Event.
UNIT - IV:
Switch Level Modeling: Basic Transistor Switches, CMOS Switches, Bidirectional Gates, Time Delays with
Switch Primitives, Instantiation with 'Strengths' and 'Delays' Strength Contention with Tri reg Nets.
System Tasks, Functions and Compiler Directives: Parameters, Path Delays, Module Parameters. System
Tasks and Functions, File Based Tasks and Functions, Computer Directives, Hierarchical Access, User
Defined Primitives.
UNIT - V:
Sequential Circuit Description: Sequential Models - Feedback Model, Capacitive Model, Implicit Model,
Basic Memory Components, Functional Register.
Components Test and Verification: Test Bench - Combinational Circuits Testing, Sequential Circuit
Testing, Test Bench Techiniques,Desin Verification, Assetion Verification.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

TEXT BOOKS:
1. T.R. Padmanabhan, B Bala Tripura Sundari, Design Through Verilog HDL, Wiley 2009.
2. Zainalabdien Navabi, Verliog Digital System Design,TMH, 2nd Edition.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog Design - Stephen Brown,Zvonkoc Vranesic, TMH, 2nd
Edition.
2. Advanced Digital Logic Design using Verilog, State Machines & Synthesis for FPGA - Sunggu Lee,
Cengage Learning, 2012.
3. Verilog HDL - Samir Palnitkar, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.
4. Advanced Digital Design with Verilog HDL - Michel D. Ciletti, PHI,2009.

OUTCOMES
By the end of the course student should be able to:
 Describe Verilog HDL
 Design Digital circuits
 Write behavior model of digital circuits
 Write RTL models of digital circuits
 Verify behavior and RTL models
 Describe standard Cell Librarioes and FPGAs
 Synthesize RTL models to standard cell libraries and FPGAs
 Implement RTL models on FPGAs and testing and verification

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – I
(R15A0411) DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN

OBJECTIVES:
This course provides in depth knowledge digital system design of digital circuits, which is the basis for
design of any digital circuit. The main objectives are:
 To design and analysis of sequential circuits.
 To impart to student the concepts of sequential circuits, enabling them to analyze sequential
systems in terms of state machines.
 To understand about the SM charts and their realization
 To implement synchronous state machines using flip-flops.
 To detect the fault models in sequential circuits.

UNIT -I:
Minimization and Transformation of Sequential Machines: The Finite State Model – Capabilities and
limitations of FSM –State equivalence and machine minimization – Simplification of incompletely
specified machines.
Fundamental mode model –Flow table –State reduction – Minimal closed covers –Races, Cycles and
Hazards.
UNIT -II:
Digital Design: Digital Design Using ROMs, PALs and PLAs, BCD Adder, 32 –bit adder, State graphs for
control circuits, A shift and add multiplier, Array multiplier.
UNIT -III:
SM Charts: State machine charts, Derivation of SM Charts, Realization of SM Chart, Implementation of
Binary Multiplier.
UNIT -IV:
Fault Modeling & Test Pattern Generation: Logic Fault model –Fault detection & Redundancy-Fault
equivalence and fault location –Fault dominance –Single stuck at fault model –Multiple stuck at fault
models –Bridging fault model. Fault diagnosis of combinational circuits by conventional methods –Path
sensitization techniques, Boolean Difference method –Kohavi algorithm.
UNIT -V:
Fault Diagnosis in Sequential Circuits: Circuit Test Approach, Transition Check Approach –State
identification and fault detection experiment, Machine identification.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Logic Design –Charles H. Roth, 5th Ed., Cengage Learning.
2. Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design –Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and Arthur
D.Friedman-John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3. Switching Theory and Logic Design –A. Anand Kumar, PHI
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Switching and Finite Automata Theory –Z. Kohavi , 2 nd Ed., 2001, TMH
2. Digital Design –Morris Mano, M.D.Ciletti, 4 th Edition, PHI.
3. Digital Circuits and Logic Design –Samuel C. Lee , PHI
4. Logic Design Theory –N. N. Biswas, PHI

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
 Design and analysis of sequential circuits.
 Understand the concepts of sequential circuits, enabling them to analyze sequential systems in
terms of state machines.
 Understand about the SM charts and their realization
 Implement synchronous state machines using flip-flops.
 Detect the fault models in sequential circuits.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – I
(R15A0412) DESIGN OF FAULT TOLERANCE SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES:
 To create understanding of the fundamental concepts of fault-tolerance
 To learn basic techniques for achieving fault-tolerance in electronics, communication and
software systems
 To develop skills in modeling and evaluating fault-tolerant architectures in terms of reliability,
availability and safety
 To gain knowledge in sources of faults and means for their prevention and forecasting
 To understand merits and limitations of fault-tolerant design

UNIT – I: Fault Tolerant Design

Basic Concepts: Reliability Concepts, Failure & Faults, Reliability and Failure rate, Relation between
Reliability and Meantime between failure, Maintainability and Availability, Reliability of series, Parallel
and Parallel-Series combinational circuits
Fault Tolerant Design : Basic Concepts – Static, dynamic, Hybrid Triple Modular Redundant System, Self
purging redundancy, SIFT out redundancy (SMR), 5 MR Re-Configuration techniques, Use of Error
Correcting codes, Time redundancy and software redundancy
UNIT – II: Self Checking Circuits & Fail Safe Design
Self Checking circuits: Basic concepts of self checking circuits, Design of Totally self checking checker,
checkers using m out of n codes, Berger code, Low cost residue code
Fail Safe Design: Strongly fault secure circuits, fail safe design of sequential circuits using partition
theory and Berger code
UNIT – III ATPG Fundamentals & Design for Testability for Combinational Circuits
Introduction to ATPG, ATPG Process – Testability and Fault analysis methods – Fault masking, Transition
delay fault, Path delay
Design for Testability for Combinational Circuits: Basic concepts of Testability, Controllability and
Observability, The Reed Muller’s expansion technique, OR-AND-OR Design, Use of control and Syndrome
Testable Designs
UNIT – IV Scan Architectures & Techniques
Introduction to Scan Based testing, Functional testing, The Scan effective Circuit, The MUX-D Style Scan
flip-flops, The Scan shift register, Scan cell operation
Scan Test Sequencing, Scan test timing, Partial Scan, Multiple Scan Chains, Scan based Design rules
(LSSD), At-speed scan testing and Architecture, multiple clock and scan domain operation, critical paths
for at speed scan test
UNIT – V Built in Self Test (BIST)
BIST concepts, Test Pattern generation for BIST exhaustive testing, Pseudorandom testing, pseudo
exhaustive testing, constant weight patterns, Generic offline BIST architectures, Memory Test
architecture, BILBO

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fault Tolerant & Fault Testable Hardware Design – Parag K. Lala, 1984, PHI.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Design for Test for Digital IC’s and Embedded Core Systems – Alfred L. Crouch,
2008,Pearson Education.

REFERENCES:

1. Digital Systems Testing and testable Design – Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and Arthur
D. Friedman, Jaico Books
2. Essentials of Electronic Testing - Bushnell & Vishwani D.Agarwal, Springers.

OUTCOMES
On completion of this course, it is expected that the student will be able to:
 Understand the fundamental concepts of fault-tolerance
 Learn basic techniques for achieving fault-tolerance in electronics, communication and software
systems
 Develop skills in modeling and evaluating fault-tolerant architectures in terms of reliability,
availability and safety
 Gain knowledge in sources of faults and means for their prevention and forecasting
 Understand merits and limitations of fault-tolerant design

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
3 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – I
(R15A0204) DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVE:
To cater the knowledge of basic and digital control system for the real time analysis and design of
control systems. To provide comprehensive knowledge of concepts of stability analysis and design of
discrete time systems and to expose the students to the concepts of optimal control for discrete
domain.
UNIT – I
SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION:
Introduction, Examples of Data control systems – Digital to Analog conversion and Analog to Digital
conversion, sample and hold operations.
THE Z – TRANSFORMS:
Introduction, Linear difference equations, pulse response, Z – transforms, Theorems of Z – Transforms,
the inverse Z – transforms, Modified Z- Transforms-Plane analysis of discrete-time control system, Z-
Transform method for solving difference equations; Pulse transforms function, block diagram analysis
of sampled – data systems, mapping between S-plane and Z-plane.
UNIT – II
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS:
State Space Representation of discrete time systems, Pulse Transfer Function Matrix solving discrete
time state space equations, State transition matrix and it‘s Properties, Methods for Computation of
State Transition Matrix, Discretization of continuous time state – space equations.
CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY:
Concepts of Controllability and Observability, Tests for controllability and observability. Duality
between Controllability and Observability, Controllability and Observability conditions for Pulse
Transfer Function.
UNIT – III
STABILITY ANALYSIS:
Mapping between the S-Plane and the Z-Plane – Primary strips and Complementary Strips – Constant
frequency loci, Constant damping ratio loci, Stability Analysis of closed loop systems in the Z-Plane.
Jury stability test – Stability Analysis by use of the Bilinear Transformation and Routh Stability
criterion.
UNIT – IV
DESIGN OF DISCRETE TIME CONTROL SYSTEM BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS:
Transient and steady – State response Analysis – Design based on the frequency response method
– Bilinear Transformation and Design procedure in the w-plane, Lead, Lag, Lead-Lag and Lag- Lead
compensators and digital PID controllers.
UNIT – V
STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERS:
Design of state feedback controller through pole placement – Necessary and sufficient conditions,
Ackerman‘s formula. State Observers – Full order and Reduced order observers.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Discrete-Time Control systems - K. Ogata, Pearson Education/PHI, 2nd Edition.
2. Digital Control and State Variable Methods by M.Gopal, TMH.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

3. Digital Control System Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition by Charles L. Phillips,
H. Troy Nagle.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Control Systems, Kuo, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2003.
2. Digital Control Engineering, M.Gopal New age international publishers.
3. Advanced Control Theory by NAGOOR KANI, 2nd Edition, RBA Publications.
4. Digital Control Systems, Design, Identification and Implementation by Landau, Iona Dore,
ZitoGianluca,Springer1stedition.
5.Digital control systems by R.Isermann, Springer; 1st edition.

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
 Learn the basics and digital control system for the real time analysis
 Design of control systems.
 Learn comprehensive knowledge of concepts of stability analysis
 Understand the design of discrete time systems
 Understand the concepts of optimal control for discrete domain.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE – III
(R15A0507) JAVA PROGRAMMING

OBJECTIVES:
 The objective of this course is to provide object oriented concepts through which robust,
secured and reusable software can be developed.
 To understand object oriented principles like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism and also fundamentals of object-oriented programming in Java, including objects,
classes, and interfaces.
 To provide the Knowledge in Packages, Exception handling, Multithreading.
 To Explore AWT and Applets to create GUI applications.
 To give the students the ability to use the potential benefits of object-oriented programming for
solving complex problems efficiently.

UNIT I :
Object oriented thinking :- Need for oop paradigm, A way of viewing world – Agents, responsibility,
messages, methods, classes and instances, class hierarchies (Inheritance), method binding, overriding
and exceptions, summary of oop concepts
Java Basics History of Java, Java buzzwords, data types, variables, scope and life time of variables,
arrays, operators, expressions, control statements, type conversion and costing, simple java program,
concepts of classes, objects, constructors, methods, access control, this keyword, garbage collection,
overloading methods and constructors, parameter passing, recursion, nested and inner classes, String
handling
UNIT II:
Inheritance – Hierarchical abstractions, Base class object, subclass, subtype, substitutability, forms of
inheritance- specialization, specification, construction, extension, limitation, combination, benefits of
inheritance, costs of inheritance. Member access rules, super uses, using final with inheritance,
polymorphism- method overriding, abstract classes, Object class
Packages and Interfaces : Defining, Creating and Accessing a Package, Understanding CLASSPATH,
importing packages, differences between classes and interfaces, defining an interface, implementing
interface, applying interfaces, variables in interface and extending interfaces, package java.io – File, Byte
Streams, Character Streams, Stream I/O.
UNIT III:
Exception handling - Concepts of exception handling, benefits of exception handling, Termination or
resumptive models, exception hierarchy, usage of try, catch, throw, throws and finally, built in
exceptions, creating own exception sub classes. Package java.util- Collections Framework: Collection
Interface: Queue, Collection class:LinkedList,Stack class, StringTokenizer, Date, Random, Scanner.
Multi threading: Differences between multi threading and multitasking, tread life cycle, creating
threads, thread priorities, synchronizing threads, inter thread communication, thread groups, daemon
threads.
UNIT IV:
Enumerations, auto boxing Generics –A simple generics example.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Event Handling: Events, Event sources, Event classes, Event Listeners, Delegation event model, handling
mouse and keyboard events, Adapter classes.
AWT: class hierarchy, component, container, panel, window, frame, canvas, graphics. Layout Manager –
layout manager types – boarder, grid, flow, card and grib bag.

UNIT V:
AWT controls: Labels, button, canvas, scrollbars, text components, check box, check box groups,
choices, lists panels – scrollpane, dialogs, menubar.
Applets – Concepts of Applets, differences between applets and applications, life cycle of an applet,
types of applets, creating applets, passing parameters to applets.
Swing – Introduction, limitations of AWT, MVC architecture, components, containers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Java- the complete reference, 7th editon, Herbert schildt, TMH.
2. Understanding OOP with Java, updated edition, T. Budd, pearson eduction.

REFERENCES:
1. Thinking in Java 4th Edition, Bruce Eckel
2. Introduction to Java programming, Y. Daniel Liang, pearson education.
3. Core Java 2, Vol 1, Fundamentals, Cay.S.Horstmann and Gary Cornell, eighth Edition, Pearson
Education.

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
 Understand object oriented concepts through which robust, secured and reusable software can
be developed.
 Understand object oriented principles like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism and also fundamentals of object-oriented programming in Java, including objects,
classes, and interfaces.
 Learn the Knowledge in Packages, Exception handling, Multithreading.
 Explore AWT and Applets to create GUI applications.
 Learn the potential benefits of object-oriented programming for solving complex problems
efficiently.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE – III
(R15A0520) WEB TECHNOLOGIES

OBJECTIVES:
1. Giving the students the insights of the Internet programming and how to design and implement
complete applications over the web.
2. It covers the notions of Web servers and Web Application Servers, Design Methodologies with
concentration on Object-Oriented concepts, Client-Side
3. Programming, Server-Side Programming, Active Server Pages, Database Connectivity to web
applications, Adding Dynamic content to web applications,
4. Programming Common Gateway Interfaces, Programming the User Interface for the web
applications.

UNIT I:
HTML Common tags: List, Tables, images, forms, Frames; Cascading Style sheets. Introduction to Java
Scripts, Objects in Java Script, Dynamic HTML with Java Script.
UNIT II:
Introduction to XML: Document type definition, XML Schemas, Document Object model, Presenting
XML, Using XML Processors: DOM and SAX. Java Beans: Introduction to Java Beans, Advantages of Java
Beans, BDK Introspection, Using Bound properties, Bean Info Interface, Constrained properties
Persistence, Customizes, Java Beans API, Introduction to EJB‘s.
UNIT III:
Web Servers and Servlets: Tomcat web server, Installing the Java Software Development Kit, Tomcat
Server & Testing Tomcat, Introduction to Servlets: Lifecycle of a Servlet, JSDK, The Servlet API, The javax.
Servlet Package, Reading Servlet 150 parameters, Reading Initialization parameters. The javax.servlet
HTTP package, Handling Http Request & Responses, Using Cookies-Session Tracking, Security Issues.
UNIT IV:
Database Access: Database Programming using JDBC, JDBC drivers, Studying Javax.sql.* package,
Accessing a Database from a Servlet. Introduction to JSP: The Problem with Servlet. The Anatomy of a
JSP Page, JSP Processing. JSP Application Design with MVC Setting Up and JSP Environment.
UNIT V:
JSP Application Development: Generating Dynamic Content, Using Scripting Elements Implicit JSP
Objects, Conditional Processing : Displaying Values Using an Expression to Set an Attribute, Declaring
Variables and Methods Error Handling and Debugging Sharing Data Between JSP pages, Requests, and
Users Passing Control and Date between Pages – Sharing Session and Application Data – Memory Usage
Considerations, Accessing a Database from a JSP page, Deploying JAVA Beans in a JSP Page, Introduction
to struts framework.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Web Programming, building internet applications, Chris Bates 2nd edition, WILEY Dreamtech (UNIT s
1, 2)

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Core SERVLETS ANDJAVASERVER PAGES VOLUME 1: CORE TECHNOLOGIES By Marty Hall and Larry
Brown Pearson (UNITs 3,4,5)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Programming world wide web-Sebesta,Pearson
2. Core SERVLETS ANDJAVASERVER PAGES VOLUME 1: CORE TECHNOLOGIES By Marty Hall and Larry
Brown Pearson
3. Internet and World Wide Web – How to program by Dietel and Nieto PHI/Pearson Education Asia.
4. Jakarta Struts Cookbook, Bill Siggelkow, S P D O’Reilly for chap 8.
5. March’s beginning JAVA JDK 5, Murach, SPD
6. An Introduction to Web Design and Programming –Wang-Thomson

OUTCOMES:
1. Analyze a web page and identify its elements and attributes.
2. Create web pages using XHTML and Cascading Styles sheets.
3.Installation and usage of Server software’s.
4. Database Connectivity to web applications
5. Build web applications using Servlet and JSP

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE – III
(R15A0536) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
OBJECTIVES:
To illustrate the most important as well as lasting ideas in artificial intelligence, Neural networks,
genetic programming, computer vision, heuristic search, knowledge representation and reasoning,
Bayes networks, planning, and language understanding are each revealed through the growing field.
The subject provides a refreshing and motivating new synthesis of the field by one of AI's master
expositors and leading researchers. "Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis" takes the reader on a
complete tour of this intriguing New World of AI.

UNIT I
Introduction
Definition of Artificial Intelligence, subfields of AI, Intelligent Action, Search, Knowledge
Representation.
UNIT II
The Search
Search, Blind search, Breadth First, Depth First, Heuristic Search, search as Function maximization,
Adversary Search.
UNIT III
Logistics
Knowledge Representation, Predicate logic, First Order Logic, Databases with quantifiers
UNIT IV
Learning Methods
Learning Methods, Learning by building identification trees, Learning by training neural networks.
UNIT V
Processing
Natural Language Processing, Signal Processing, syntax and Parsing, semantics and
meaning.
TEXT BOOKS/ REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Essentials of Artificial Intelligence - Matt Ginsberg, Matthew L. Ginsberg –Morgan Kaufmann,
1993.
2. Stuart Russel, Peter Norvig "Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach", 3e, PHI, 2009
3. Elain Rich and Kevin Knight, "Artificial Intelligence", Tata McGraw Hill, 1993
4. Artificial Intelligence, Patrick Henry Winston, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 3rd edition, 1992.
OUTCOMES
At the end of the course the student should be able to understand artificial intelligence, Neural
networks, genetic programming, computer vision, heuristic search, knowledge representation and
reasoning.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
- /3 /- 2
(R15A0484) IC APPLICATIONS AND HDL SIMULATION LAB

Note: To perform any twelve experiments (choosing at least five from each part).

Part - I: Linear IC Experiments

1. OP AMP Applications – Adder, Subtractor, Comparators.

2. Integrator and Differentiator Circuits using IC 741.
3. Active Filter Applications – LPF, HPF (first order)
4. IC 741 Waveform Generators - Sine, Squarewave and Triangular waves.
5. IC 555 Timer - Monostable and Astable Multivibrator Circuits.
6. Schmitt Trigger Circuits - Using IC 741
7. IC 565 - PLL Applications.
8. Voltage Regulator using IC 723, Three Terminal Voltage Regulators - 7805, 7809, 7912.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

1. 20 MHz / 40 MHz / 60 MHz Oscilloscope.

2. 1 MHz Function Generator (Sine, Square, Traingular and TTL).
3. Regulated Power Supply.
4. Multimeter / Volt Meter.

Part - II: HDL Simulation programs:

Programming can be done using any compiler. Download the programs on FPGA / CPLD boards and
performance testing may be done using pattern generator / logic analyzer apart from verification by
simulation using Cadence / Mentor Graphics / Synopsys / Equivalentfront end CAD tools.

1. HDL code to realize all the logic gates

2. Design of 2-to-4 decoder
3. Design of 8-to-3 encoder (without and with Priority)
4. Design of 8-to-1 multiplexer and 1 x 8 demuliplexer.
5. Design of 4 bit binary to gray code converter
6. Design of 4 bit comparator
7. Design of Full adder using 3 modelling styles
8. Design of flip flops: SR, JK, T
9. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters (synchronous/ asynchronous reset)

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
- /3 /- 2
(R15A0485) ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LAB

Note: Minimum 12 Experiments should be conducted:

All these experiments are to be simulated first using MATLAB, Comsim or any other simulation package
and then to be realized I hardware.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Amplitude modulation and demodulation.
2. DSB-SC Modulator & Detector.
3. SSB-Sc Modulator & Detector (Phase Shift Method).
4. Frequency modulation and demodulation.
5. Study of spectrum analyzer and analysis of AM and FM Signals.
6. Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis.
7. Frequency Division Multiplexing & De multiplexing.
8. Verification of Sampling Theorem.
9. Pulse Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation.
10. Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation.
11. Pulse Position Modulation & Demodulation.
12. Frequency Synthesizer.
13. AGC Characteristics.
14. PLL as FM Demodulator.
Equipment required for the Laboratory:
1. RPS - 0-30 V.
2. CRO - 0-20 M Hz.
3. Function Generators - 0-1 M Hz.
4. RF Generators - 0-1000 M Hz./0-100 MHz.
5. Multimeters.
6. Lab Experimental kits for Analog Communication.
7. Radio Receiver/TV Receiver Demo kits or Trainees.
8. Spectrum Analyzer – 60 M Hz.
9. Any one Simulation Package.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
2 -/ - /-
MANDATORY COURSE – III
(R15A0007) TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS

INTRODUCTION:
In view of the growing importance of English as a tool for global communication and the
consequent emphasis on training students to acquire communicative competence, the syllabus has been
designed to develop linguistic and communicative competencies of Engineering students.
In the English classes, the focus should be on the skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking
and for this the teachers should use the text prescribed for detailed study. For example, the students
should be encouraged to read the texts/selected paragraphs silently. The teachers can ask
comprehension questions to stimulate discussion and based on the discussions students can be made to
write short paragraphs/essays etc.

OBJECTIVES:
a. To improve the language proficiency of the students in English with emphasis on LSRW skills.
b. To equip the students to approach academic subjects more professionally using the theoretical and
practical components of the English syllabus.
c. To develop the professional skills and communication skills in formal and informal situations and hone
the required professional ethics.

SYLLABUS

Unit- 1:Factors affecting information and document design, Principles of effective writing , Technical
Writing, Grammar and Editing- Technical writing process, Writing drafts and revising, Collaborative
writing, technical writing style and language.
Unit- 2: Basics of grammar, study of advanced grammar, editing strategies to achieve appropriate
technical style. Introduction to advanced technical communication.
Unit-3: Communication and Technical Writing- Public speaking, Group discussion, Oral; presentation,
Interviews, Graphic presentation, Presentation aids. Writing reports, Email writing, official notes,
business letters, memos, progress reports, minutes of meetings, event report.
Unit- 4: Self Development and Assessment- Self assessment, Awareness, Perception and Attitudes,
Values and belief, Personal goal setting, career planning, self esteem.
Unit- 5:Ethics- Business ethics, , Personality Development in social and office settings, netiquettes,
Telephone Etiquettes, Engineering ethics, Managing time, Role and responsibility of engineer, Work
culture in jobs, Rapid reading, Complex problem solving, Creativity, leadership skills ,cubicle Etiquettes,
team building.

Text Books:
1. David F. Beer and David Mc Murrey, Guide to writing as an Engineer, John Willey. New York, 2004
2. Diane Hacker, Pocket Style Manual, Bedford Publication, New York, 2003. (ISBN 0312406843)

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Reference Books:
1. Dale Jung k, Applied Writing for Technicians, McGraw Hill, New York, 2004. (ISBN: 07828357-4)
2. Sharma, R. and Mohan, K. Business Correspondence and Report Writing, TMH New Delhi 2002.
3. Xebec, Presentation Book, TMH New Delhi, 2000. (ISBN 0402213)

OUTCOMES:

a. The student will become proficient in LSRW skills.

b. They develop formal LSRW skills approach to different situations.
c. They hone professional ethics and learn to be proficient formally.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0413) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
OBJECTIVES:
 To understand the building blocks of digital communication system.
 To prepare mathematical background for communication signal analysis.
 To understand and analyze the signal flow in a digital communication system.
 To analyze error performance of a digital communication system in presence of noise and other
interferences.
UNIT I
Pulse Digital Modulation : Elements of digital communication systems, advantages of digital
communication systems, Elements of PCM: Sampling, Quantization & Coding, Quantization error,
Companding in PCM systems. Differential PCM systems (DPCM).Certain Issues in Digital
Transmission,Time Division Multiplexing & Demultiplexing.
Delta Modulation : Delta modulation, its draw backs, adaptive delta modulation, comparison of PCM
and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM systems. Illustrative Problems.
UNIT II
Digital Modulation Techniques : Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, similarity of BFSK and BPSK.
coherent reception, non-coherent detection of FSK.
Data Transmission : Base band signal receiver, probability of error, the optimum filter, matched filter,
probability of error using matched filter. Illustrative Problems.
UNIT III
Information Theory : Discrete messages, concept of amount of information and its properties. Average
information, Entropy and its properties. Information rate, Mutual information and its properties,
Illustrative Problems.
UNIT IV
Source Coding : Introductions, Advantages, Shannon’s theorem, Shanon- Fano coding, Huffman coding,
efficiency calculations, channel capacity of discrete and analog Channels, capacity of a Gaussian channel,
bandwidth –S/N trade off. Illustrative Problems.
UNIT VII
Linear Block Codes : Introduction, Matrix description of Linear Block codes, Error detection and error
correction capabilities of Linear block codes, Hamming codes.
Convolution Codes : Introduction, encoding of convolution codes, time domain approach, transform
domain approach. Graphical approach: state, tree and trellis diagram. Illustrative Problems.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Digital communications - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005
2. Principles of Communication Systems – H. Taub and D. Schilling, TMH, 2003
REFERENCES :
1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – K.Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2005.
2. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983. Communication Systems Analog & Digital –
Singh & Sapre, TMH, 2004.
3. Modern Analog and Digital Communication – B.P.Lathi, Oxford reprint, 3rd edition, 2004.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
 Understand basic components of digital communication systems
 Design Optimum receivers for digital modulation techniques
 Analyze the error performance of digital modulation techniques
 Know about different error detecting and error correcting codes
 Understand the advantages spread spectrum techniques and performance of sprewad
spectrum, PN codes in jamming and noise etc

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
(R15A0414) MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

OBJECTIVES:
 To understand the basics of microprocessors and microcontrollers architectures and its
functionalities
 To develop an in-depth understanding of the operation of microprocessors and
microcontrollers, machine language programming & interfacing techniques.
 To design and develop Microprocessor/ microcontroller based systems for real time applications
using low level language like ALP.

UNIT -I:
8086 Architecture: Architecture of 8086, Register Organization, Programming Model, Memory
addresses, Memory Segmentation, Physical Memory Organization, Signal descriptions of 8086- Common
Function Signals, Minimum and Maximum mode signals, Timing diagrams.
UNIT -II:
Instruction Set and Assembly Language Programming of 8086: Instruction formats, Addressing modes,
Instruction Set, Assembler Directives, Procedures, Macros, Simple Programs involving Logical, Branch
and Call Instructions, Sorting, Evaluating Arithmetic Expressions, String Manipulations.
UNIT -III:
I/O Interface: 8255 PPI, Various Modes of Operation and Interfacing to 8086, D/A and A/D Converter.
stepper motor, Interfacing of DMA controller 8257
Interfacing with advanced devices: Memory Interfacing to 8086, Interrupt Structure of 8086, Vector
Interrupt Table, Interrupt Service Routine, architecture of 8259
Communication Interface: Serial Communication Standards, Serial Data Transfer Schemes, 8251 USART
Architecture and Interfacing.
UNIT -IV:
Introduction to Microcontrollers: Overview of 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, I/O Ports, Memory
Organization, Addressing Modes and Instruction set of 8051, Simple Programs, memory interfacing to
8051
UNIT -V:
8051 Real Time Control: Programming Timer Interrupts, Programming External Hardware
Interrupts, Programming the Serial Communication Interrupts, Programming 8051 Timers and Counters
ARM Processor: Fundamentals, Registers , current program status register, pipeline, Interrupt and the
vector table.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. D. V. Hall, Microprocessors and Interfacing, TMGH, 2nd Edition 2006.
2. Kenneth. J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller , 3rd Ed., Cengage Learning.
3. ARM System Developer’s Guide: Designing and Optimizing System Software- Andrew N. Sloss,
Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, Elsevier Inc., 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals – A. K. Ray and K.M. Bhurchandani, TMH, 2nd Edition
2006.
2. The 8051Microcontrollers, Architecture and Programming and Applications -K.Uma Rao, Andhe
Pallavi, Pearson, 2009.
3. Micro Computer System 8086/8088 Family Architecture, Programming and Design - Liu and GA
Gibson, PHI, 2nd Ed.
4. Microcontrollers and Application - Ajay. V. Deshmukh, TMGH, 2005.

OUTCOMES:
After going through this course the student will be able to
 The student will learn the internal organization of popular 8086/8051
microprocessors/microcontrollers.
 The student will learn hardware and software interaction and integration.
 The students will learn the design of microprocessors/microcontrollers-based systems

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
(R15A0415) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
OBJECTIVES:
 To understand the basic concepts and techniques for processing signals and digital signal
processing fundamentals.
 To Understand the processes of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion and relation
between continuous-time and discrete time signals and systems.
 To Master the representation of discrete-time signals in the frequency domain, using z-
transform, discrete Fourier transforms (DFT).
 To Understand the implementation of the DFT in terms of the FFT, as well as some of its
applications (computation of convolution sums, spectral analysis).
 To learn the basic design and structure of FIR and IIR filters with desired frequency responses
and design digital filters.
 The impetus is to introduce a few real-world signal processing applications.
 To acquaint in FFT algorithms, Multi-rate signal processing techniques and finite word length
effects.
UNIT I:
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Discrete Time Signals
& Sequences, Linear Shift Invariant Systems, Stability, and Causality, Linear Constant Coefficient
Difference Equations, Frequency Domain Representation of Discrete Time Signals and systems.
Realization of Digital Filters: Applications of Z - Transforms, Solution of Difference Equations of Digital
Filters, System Function, Stability Criterion, Frequency Response of Stable Systems, Realization of Digital
Filters - Direct, Canonic, Cascade and Parallel forms.
UNIT II:
Discrete Fourier Series: DFS Representation of Periodic Sequences. Properties of Discrete Fourier
Series., Discrete Fourier Transforms: Properties of DFT. Linear Convolution of Sequences using DFT.
Computation of DFT: Over-lap Add Method, Over-lap Save Method, Relation between DTFT, DFS, DFT
and Z-Transform.
Fast Fourier Transforms: Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) - Radix-2 Decimation-in-Time and Decimation-in-
Frequency FFT Algorithms, Inverse FFT and FFT with General Radix-N.
UNIT III:
IIR Digital Filters: Analog Filter Approximations - Butterworth and Chebyshev, Design of IIR Digital filters
from Analog Filters, Step and Impulse Invariant Techniques, Bilinear Transformation Method.
UNIT IV:
FIR Digital Filters: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters, Frequency Response. Design of FIR Filters: Fourier
Method. Digital Filters using Window Techniques, Frequency Sampling Technique, Comparison of IIR &
FIR filters.
UNIT V:
Multirate Digital Signal Processing: Introduction, Down sampling, Decimation, Upsampling,
Interpolation, Sampling Rate Conversion, Applications of Multi Rate Signal Processing.
Finite Word Length Effects: Limit cycles, Overflow oscillations, Round-off Noise in IIR Digital Filters.
Computational Output Round Off Noise, Methods to prevent Overflow, Dead band effects.
TEXT BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and Applications: John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Manolakis, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.
2. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A. V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI, 2009.
3. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing – Loney Ludeman, John Wiley, 2009
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing – Fundamentals and Applications – Li Tan, Elsevier, 2008.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB – Robert J. Schilling, Sandra L. Harris, b
Thomson, 2007.
3. Digital Signal Processing – S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj and C.Gnanapriya, TMH, 2009.
4. Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with MATLAB – Taan S. EIAli, CRC press, 2009.
5. Digital Signal Processing - A Practical approach, Emmanuel C. Ifeachor and Barrie W. Jervis, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.
6. Digital Signal Processing - Nagoor Khani, TMG, 2012.

OUTCOMES
On completion of the subject the student must be able to:
 Perform time, frequency and z-transform analysis on signals and systems
 Understand the inter relationship between DFT and various transforms
 Understand the significance of various filter structures and effects of rounding errors
 Design a digital filter for a given specification
 Understand the fast computation of DFT and Appreciate the FFT processing
Understand the trade-off between normal and multi rate DSP techniques and finite length word
effects

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0416) ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

OBJECTIVES
• Understand basic terminology and concepts of Antennas.
•To attain knowledge on the basic parameters those are considered in the antenna design process and
the analysis while designing that.
• Analyze the electric and magnetic field emission from various basic antennas and mathematical
Formulation of the analysis.
• To have knowledge on antenna operation and types as well as their usage in real time filed.
• Aware of the wave spectrum and respective band based antenna usage and also to know the
propagation of the waves at different frequencies through different layers in the existing layered free
space environment structure.
UNIT -I:
Antenna Basics:
Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters – Patterns, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency,
Directivity-Gain-Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Illustrative Problems.
Fields from Oscillating Dipole, Field Zones, Front - to-back Ratio, Antenna Theorems, Radiation,
Retarded Potentials – Helmholtz Theorem.
Thin Linear Wire Antennas – Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter Wave Monopole and Half
Wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Field Components, Radiated Power, Radiation Resistance, Beam
Width, Directivity, Effective Area, Effective Height, Natural Current Distributions, Far Fields and Patterns
of Thin Linear Centre-fed Antennas of Different Lengths, Illustrative Problems. Loop Antennas -
Introduction, Small Loop, Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short Dipole, Radiation
Resistances.
UNIT -II:
Antenna Arrays:
Point Sources – Definition, Patterns, arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources - Different Cases, Principle of Pattern
Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity,
Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparison, BSAs with Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions –
General Considerations and Binomial Arrays, Illustrative Problems.
Antenna Measurements:
Introduction, Concepts - Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields, Coordinate System Patterns to be Measured,
Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity Measurement, Gain Measurements (by Comparison,
Absolute and 3- Antenna Methods)
UNIT -III:
VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - I :
Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi-Uda Array, Folded Dipoles and their Characteristics, Helical
Antennas – Helical Geometry, Helix Modes, Practical Design Considerations for Monofilar Helical

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes, Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design Considerations of
Pyramidal Horns, Illustrative Problems.
VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - II:
Microstrip Antennas – Introduction, Features, Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas
– Geometry and Parameters, Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas. Impact of Different Parameters on
Characteristics, 103 Reflector Antennas – Introduction, Flar Sheet and Corner Reflectors, Paraboloidal
Reflectors – Geometry, Pattern Characteristics, Feed Methods, Reflector Types – Related Features,
Illustrative Problems. Lens Antennas – Introduction, Geometry of Non-metallic Dielectric Lenses,
Fermat‘s Principle, Zoning, Applications.
UNIT -IV:
Wave Propagation – I:
Introduction, Definitions, Categorizations and General Classifications, Different Modes of Wave
Propagation, Ray/Mode Concepts, Ground Wave Propagation (Qualitative Treatment) – Introduction,
Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt, Curved Earth Reflections. Space Wave
Propagation – Introduction, Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth‘s
Curvature, Absorption, Super Refraction, M-Curves and Duct Propagation, Scattering Phenomena,
Tropospheric Propagation.
UNIT -V:
Wave Propagation – II:
Sky Wave Propagation – Introduction, Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves
by Ionosphere, Ray Path, Critical Frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance, Relation
between MUF and Skip Distance, Multihop Propagation.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Antennas and Wave Propagation – J.D. Kraus, R.J. Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan, TMH, New Delhi, 4th
ed., (Special Indian Edition), 2010.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd ed., 2000.
3.A.Harish, M.Sachidanada,” Antennas and Wave Propagation”, Oxford University Press,2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Ed., 2005.
2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi,
2001.
3. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of Radio,
vol. 5, Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
4. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill (International Edition), 2nd Ed. 1988.
5. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th edition, 1955.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES
Student will be able to
 Aware of antenna parameter considerations
 Capable to analyze the designed antenna and field evaluation under various conditions and
formulate the electric as well as magnetic fields equation set for far field and near field
conditions
 Understand the array system of different antennas and field analysis under application of
different currents to the individual antenna elements
 Understand the design issues, operation of fundamental antennas and their operation
methodology in practice.
 Design a lens structure and also the bench set up for antenna parameter measurement of
testing for their effectiveness
 Knowledge about the means of propagation of electro magnetic waves

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – II
(R15A0417) ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

OBJECTIVES:
 An introduction to measurement techniques and instrumentation design and operation
 The basic concept of units, measurement error and accuracy, the construction and design of
measuring devices and circuits, measuring instruments and their proper applications
 To use different measuring techniques and the measurement of different physical parameters
using different transducers.
UNIT - I:
Block Schematics of Measuring Systems: Performance characteristics, Static characteristics, Accuracy,
Precision, Resolution, Types of Errors, Gaussian Error, Dynamic Characteristics, Repeatability,
Reproducibility, Fidelity, Lag; Measuring Instruments: DC Voltmeters, D' Arsonval Movement, DC Current
Meters, AC Voltmeters and Current Meters, Ohmmeters, Millimeters, Meter Protection, Extension of
Range, True RMS Responding Voltmeters, Specifications of Instruments.
UNIT - II:
Signal Analyzers: AF, HF Wave Analyzers, Harmonic Distortion, Heterodyne wave Analyzers, Spectrum
Analyzers, Power Analyzers, Capacitance-Voltage Meters, Signal Generators: AF, RF Signal Generators,
Sweep Frequency Generators, Pulse and Square wave Generators, Function Generators, Arbitrary
waveform Generator.
UNIT - III:
Oscilloscopes: CRT, Block Schematic of CRO, Time Base Circuits, Lissajous Figures, CRO Probes, High
Frequency CRO Considerations, Delay lines, Applications: Measurement of Time, Period and Frequency.
Special Purpose Oscilloscopes: Dual Trace, Dual Beam CROs, Sampling Oscilloscopes, Storage
Oscilloscopes, Digital Storage CROs.
UNIT - IV:
Transducers: Classification, Strain Gauges, Bounded, unbounded; Force and Displacement Transducers,
Resistance Thermometers, Hotwire Anemometers, LVDT, Thermocouples, Synchros, Special Resistance
Thermometers, Digital Temperature sensing system, Piezoelectric Transducers, Magneto Strictive
Transducers.
UNIT - V:
Bridges: Wheat Stone Bridge, Kelvin Bridge, and Maxwell Bridge.
Measurement of Physical Parameters: Flow Measurement, Displacement Meters, Liquid level
Measurement, Measurement of Humidity and Moisture, Velocity, Force, Pressure - High Pressure,
Vacuum level, Temperature - Measurements, Data Acquisition Systems.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Electronic instrumentation: H.S.Kalsi - TMH, 2nd Edition 2004.
2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques: A.D. Helbincs, W.D. Cooper:
PHI, 5th Edition, 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements - David A. Bell, Oxford Uiv. Press, 1997.
2. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation: B. M. Oliver, J. M. Cage TMH Reprint.
3. Measurement Systems - Emest O. Doebelin and Dhanesh N Manik, 6th Ed., TMH.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

4. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentations by K. Lal Kishore, Pearson Education - 2010.

5. Industrial Instrumentation: T. R. Padmanabham Spiriger 2009.

OUTCOMES
Upon a successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
 Describe the fundamental concepts and principles of instrumentation
 Explain the operation of various instruments required in measurements
 Apply the measurement techniques for different types of tests
 To select specific instruments for specific measurement function.
 Understand principle of operation and working of different electronic instruments
Students will understand functioning, specification and application of signal analyzing
instruments

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – II
(R15A0418) OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

OBJECTIVES:
 To realize the significance of optical fiber communications.
 To understand the construction and characteristics of optical fiber cable.
 To develop the knowledge of optical signal sources and power launching.
 To identify and understand the operation of various optical detectors.
 To under the design of optical systems and WDM.
UNIT I
Overview of optical fiber communication - Historical development, The general system, advantages
of optical fiber communications. Optical fiber wave guides- Introduction, Ray theory transmission, Total
Internal Reflection, Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Skew rays. Cylindrical fibers- Modes,
Vnumber, Mode coupling, Step Index fibers, Graded Index fibers.
Single mode fibers- Cut off wavelength, Mode Field Diameter, Effective Refractive Index. [2]. Fiber
materials — Glass, Halide, Active glass, Chalgenide glass, Plastic optical fibers.
UNIT II
Signal distortion in optical fibers- Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending losses, Core and
Cladding losses. Information capacity determination, Group delay, Types of Dispersion - Material
dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion, Polarization mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion. Pulse
broadening. Optical fiber Connectors- Connector types, Single mode fiber connectors, Connector return
loss.
UNIT III
Fiber Splicing- Splicing techniques, Splicing single mode fibers. Fiber alignment and joint loss-
Multimode fiber joints, single mode fiber joints,. Optical sources- LEDs, Structures, Materials, Quantum
efficiency, Power, Modulation, Power bandwidth product. Injection Laser Diodes- Modes, Threshold
conditions, External quantum efficiency,Laser diode rate equations,Resonant frequencies. Reliability of
LED&ILD.
Source to fiber power launching - Output patterns, Power coupling, Power launching, Equilibrium
Numerical Aperture, Laser diode to fiber coupling.
UNIT IV
Optical detectors- Physical principles of PIN and APD, Detector response time, Temperature effect
on Avalanche gain, Comparision of Photodetectors. Optical receiver operation- Fundamental
receiver operation, Digital signal transmission, error sources, Receiver configuration, Digital receiver
performance, Probability of error, Quantum limit, Analog receivers.
UNIT V
Optical system design — Considerations, Component choice, Multiplexing. Point-to- point links,
System considerations, Link power budget with examples. Overall fiber dispersion in Multi mode and
Single mode fibers, Rise time budget with examples.
Transmission distance, Line coding in Optical links, WDM, Necessity , Principles, Types of
WDM, Measurement of Attenuation and Dispersion, Eye pattern.

TEXT BOOKS :

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Tata Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 4th Edition,
2008.
2. Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002.
RERFERENCES :
1. Fiber Optic Communications – D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner, Pearson
Education, 2005.
2. Text Book on Optical Fibre Communication and its Applications – S.C.Gupta, PHI, 2005.
3. Fiber Optic Communication Systems – Govind P. Agarwal , John Wiley, 3rd Ediition, 2004.
4. Fiber Optic Communications – Joseph C. Palais, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.

OUTCOMES:
 At the end of the course the student will be able to:
 Understand and analyze the constructional parameters of optical fibers.
 Be able to design the optical system.
 Estimate the losses due to attenuation, absorption, scattering and bending.
 Compare various optical detectors and choose suitable one for different applications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – II
(R15A0419) DATA COMMUNICATIONS
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
Data communications and networking is the fastest growing technologies in our culture today. The
course attempts to provide a unified overview of the broad field of data and computer communications.
It emphasizes basic principles and topics of fundamental importance concerning the technology and
architecture of this field and provides a detailed discussion of leading edge topics.
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION TO DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING: Standards Organizations for Data
Communications, Layered Network Architecture, Open Systems Interconnection, Data Communications
Circuits, Serial and parallel Data Transmission, Data communications Circuit Arrangements, Data
communications Networks, Alternate Protocol Suites.
SIGNALS, NOISE, MODULATION, AND DEMODULATION: Signal Analysis, Electrical Noise and Signal-to-
Noise Ratio, Analog Modulation Systems, Information Capacity, Bits, Bit Rate, Baud, and M-ary Encoding,
Digital Modulation.
UNIT II:
METALLIC CABLE TRANSMISSION MEDIA : Metallic Transmission Lines, Transverse Electromagnetic
Waves, Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves, Transmission Line Classifications, Metallic
Transmission Line Types, Metallic Transmission Line Losses.
OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA : Advantages of Optical Fiber Cables, Disadvantages of Optical
Fiber Cables, Electromagnetic spectrum, Optical Fiber Communications System Block Diagram, Optical
Fiber construction, Propagation of Light Through an Optical fiber Cable, Optical Fiber Modes
and Classifications, Losses in Optical Fiber Cables, Light sources, Light Detectors, Lasers.
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION : Pulse Modulation, Pulse code Modulation, Dynamic Range, Signal Voltage –
to-Quantization Noise Voltage Ration, Companding, PCM Line Speed, Time- Division Multiplexing,
Frequency- Division Multiplexing, Wavelength- Division Multiplexing
Unit III:
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS: Electromagnetic Polarization, Rays and Wavefronts,
Electromagnetic Radiation, wave Attenuation and Absorption, Microwave Communications Systems,
Satellite Communications Systems.
TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS AND SIGNALS: The Subscriber Loop, Standard Telephone Set, Basic
Telephone Call Procedures, Cordless Telephones, Caller ID, Electronic Telephones, Paging systems.
THE TELEPHONE CIRCUIT: The Local Subscriber Loop, Units of Powers Measurement, Voice-Frequency
Circuit Arrangements, Crosstalk.
CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS:
First- Generation Analog Cellular Telephone, Personal communications system, Second-
Generation Cellular Telephone Systems, N-AMPS, Digital Cellular Telephone, North American Cellular
and PCS Summary, Global system for Mobile Communications, Personal Communications Satellite
System.
Unit IV:
DATA COMMUNICATIONS CODES, ERROR CONTROL, AND DATA FORMATS: Data Communications
Character Codes, Bar Codes, Error Control, Error Detection, Error Correction, Character Synchronization.
Unit V:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

DATA COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT: Digital Service Unit and Channel Service Unit, Voice- Band Data
Communication Modems, Bell Systems- Compatible Voice- Band Modems, Voice- Band Modern Block
Diagram, Voice- Band Modem Classifications, Asynchronous Voice-Band Modems, Synchronous Voice-
Band Modems, Modem Synchronization, Cable Modems, Probability of Error and Bit Error Rate.
DATA –LINK PROTOCOLS: Data –Link Protocol Functions, Character –and Bit- Oriented Protocols, Data
Transmission Modes, Asynchronous Data – Link Protocols, Synchronous Data – Link Protocols,
Synchronous Data – Link Control, High – Level Data – Link Control.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Data Communications and Networking, Wayne Tomasi, Pearson Education.

Reference Books
1.Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A Forouzan, Fourth Edition.TMH.
2.Computer Communications and Networking Technologies, Gallow, Second Edition Thomson
3. Computer Networking and Internet, Fred Halsll, Lingana Gouda Kulkarni, Fifth Edition,
Pearson Education

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the subject, the student will be able to:
 Understand unified overview of the broad field of data and computer communications.
 Emphasizes basic principles and topics of fundamental importance concerning the technology
Understand the architecture of this field
 Learn detailed discussion of leading edge topics.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE – IV
(R15A0509) DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES:
 To design DBMS and explain its significance in IT projects
 To design ER diagrams
 To develop RDBMS relation schemas from ER diagrams
 To develop queries for user required screens and reports and develop SQLs
 To develop concurrent queries and optimize them using queries manually
UNIT I :
Data base System Applications, Purpose of Database Systems, View of Data – Data Abstraction –
Instances and Schemas – data Models – the ER Model – Relational Model – Other Models – Database
Languages – DDL – DML – database Access for applications Programs – data base Users and
Administrator – Transaction Management – data base Architecture – Storage Manager – the Query
Processor
Data base design and ER diagrams – ER Model - Entities, Attributes and Entity sets – Relationships and
Relationship sets – ER Design Issues – Concept Design – Conceptual Design for University Enterprise.
Introduction to the Relational Model – Structure – Database Schema, Keys – Schema Diagrams
UNIT II :
Relational Query Languages, Relational Operations.
Relational Algebra – Selection and projection set operations – renaming – Joins – Division – Examples of
Algebra overviews – Relational calculus – Tuple relational Calculus – Domain relational calculus.
Overview of the SQL Query Language – Basic Structure of SQL Queries, Set Operations, Aggregate
Functions – GROUPBY – HAVING, Nested Sub queries, Views, Triggers.
UNIT III:
Normalization – Introduction, Non loss decomposition and functional dependencies, First, Second, and
third normal forms – dependency preservation, Boyee/Codd normal form.
Higher Normal Forms - Introduction, Multi-valued dependencies and Fourth normal form, Join
dependencies and Fifth normal form
UNIT IV :
Transaction Concept- Transaction State- Implementation of Atomicity and Durability – Concurrent –
Executions – Serializability- Recoverability – Implementation of Isolation – Testing for serializability- Lock
–Based Protocols – Timestamp Based Protocols- Validation- Based Protocols – Multiple Granularity.
Recovery and Atomicity – Log – Based Recovery – Recovery with Concurrent Transactions – Buffer
Management – Failure with loss of nonvolatile storage-Advance Recovery systems- Remote Backup
systems.
UNIT V :
File organization:– File organization – various kinds of indexes. Query Processing – Measures of query
cost - Selection operation – Projection operation, - Join operation – set operation and aggregate
operation – Relational Query Optimization – Transacting SQL queries – Estimating the cost – Equivalence
Rules.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Data base System Concepts, Silberschatz, Korth, McGraw hill, Sixth Edition.(All UNITS except III th)
2. Data base Management Systems, Raghurama Krishnan, Johannes Gehrke, TATA McGrawHill 3rd
Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Fundamentals of Database Systems, Elmasri Navathe Pearson Education.
2. An Introduction to Database systems, C.J. Date, A.Kannan, S.Swami Nadhan, Pearson, Eight Edition
for UNIT III.

OUTCOMES:
 Student can define ER model for mini and main projects
 Student can develop RDBMS relation schemas from ER diagrams
 Student can develop queries required
Student can develop concurrent queries and optimize them using queries manually

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE – IV
(R15A0543) SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES:
 Describe and determine the purpose and importance of project management from the
perspectives of planning, tracking and completion of project.
 Compare and differentiate organization structures and project structures.
 Implement a project to manage project schedule, expenses and resources with the
Application of suitable project management tools.
UNIT I
Software Process Maturity
Software maturity Framework, Principles of Software Process Change, Software Process Assessment,
The Initial Process, The Repeatable Process, The Defined Process, The Managed Process, The Optimizing
Process.
Process Reference Models Capability Maturity Model (CMM), CMMI, PCMM, PSP, TSP.
UNIT II
Software Project Management Renaissance
Conventional Software Management, Evolution of Software Economics, Improving Software Economics,
The old way and the new way.
Life-Cycle Phases and Process artifacts
Engineering and Production stages, inception phase, elaboration phase, construction phase, transition
phase, artifact sets, management artifacts, engineering artifacts and pragmatic artifacts, model based
software architectures.
UNIT III
Workflows and Checkpoints of process
Software process workflows, Iteration workflows, Major milestones, Minor milestones, Periodic status
assessments.
Process Planning
Work breakdown structures, Planning guidelines, cost and schedule estimating process, iteration
planning process, Pragmatic planning.
UNIT IV
Project Organizations
Line-of- business organizations, project organizations, evolution of organizations, process automation.
Project Control and process instrumentation
The seven core metrics, management indicators, quality indicators, life-cycle expectations, Pragmatic
software metrics, and metrics automation.
UNIT V
CCPDS-R Case Study and Future Software Project Management Practices
Modern Project Profiles, Next-Generation software Economics, Modern Process Transitions.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Software Project Management, Walker Royce, Pearson Education.
2. Managing the Software Process, Watts S. Humphrey, Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Effective Project Management: Traditional, Agile, Extreme, Robert Wysocki, Sixth edition, Wiley
India, rp2011.
2. An Introduction to the Team Software Process, Watts S. Humphrey, Pearson Education, 2000
3. Process Improvement essentials, James R. Persse, O’Reilly, 2006
4. Software Project Management, Bob Hughes & Mike Cotterell, fourth edition, TMH, 2006
5. Applied Software Project Management, Andrew Stellman & Jennifer Greene, O’Reilly, 2006.
6. Head First PMP, Jennifer Greene & Andrew Stellman, O’Reilly, 2007
7. Software Engineering Project Managent, Richard H. Thayer & Edward Yourdon, 2nd edition,
Wiley India, 2004.
8. The Art of Project Management, Scott Berkun, SPD, O’Reilly, 2011.
9. Applied Software Project Management, Andrew Stellman & Jennifer Greene, SPD, O’Reilly,
rp2011.
10. Agile Project Management, Jim Highsmith, Pearson education, 2004.

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the subject, the student be able to:
 Understand the purpose and importance of project management from the perspectives
of planning, tracking and completion of project.
 Compare and differentiate organization structures and project structures.
 Implement a project to manage project schedule, expenses and resources with the
Application of suitable project management tools.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

 MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE –IV
(R15A0568)APPS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Objectives:
 Knowledge of basic software engineering fundamentals and practices.
 Introducing multimedia practices and graphic fundamental.
 Knowledge of basic java programming under client/server side and data base connection.
UNIT – I: Fundamental concepts
Software myths, Process models: The waterfall model, Incremental process models, Evolutionary
process models, The Unified process. Multimedia and hypermedia, World Wide Web, overview of
multimedia software tools. Graphics.
UNIT – II: HTML Common tags
List, Tables, images, forms, Frames; Cascading Style sheets.
UNIT - III : Introduction to Java Scripts
Objects in Java Script, Dynamic HTML with Java Script.
UNIT - IV : Web Servers
Introduction to Servlets: Lifecycle of a Servlet, The Problem with Servelet. The Anatomy of a JSP Page,
JSP Processing, Environment: Installing the Java: Software Development Kit, Tomcat Server. Using
Cookies-Session Tracking, Security Issues.
UNIT - V : Database Access
Database Programming using JDBC, Studying Javax.sql.* package, Accessing a Database from a JSP Page,
TESTING: Types of software testing ,test cases.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Web Programming ,Building Internet Applications, CHRIS BATES Ii Edition, Wiley Dreamtech.
2. Programming world wide web ,SEBESTA,PEARSON.

REFERENCES:
1. Core Servlets And Java Servlets Pages Vol-1:Core Technologies BY MARTY HALL,LARRY BROWN
PEARSON.
2. Software Engineering ,ROGERS PRESSMEN,TATA McGraw-HILL.
3. Software Testing Techniques, BORIS BEIZER,DREAMTECH,II EDITION.
4. Java Complete Reference ,7TH EDITION ,HERBERTSCHILDT,TMH.

Outcomes
 Ability to identify the minimum requirements for the development of application.
 Ability to apply different multimedia development tools to produce web based and stand-alone
user interfaces.
 Gain knowledge of client side scripting, understanding of server side scripting with java.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
- / 3 /- 2
MRCET
(R15A0486) MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

OBJECTIVES:
 To develop and execute variety of assembly language programs of Intel 8086 including
arithmetic and logical, sorting, searching, and string manipulation operations.
 To develop and execute the assembly language programs for interfacing Intel 8086 with
peripheral devices.
 To develop and execute simple programs on 8051 micro controller.

The Following programs/experiments are to be written for assembler and execute the same with 8086
and 8051 kits.
1. Programs for 16 bit arithmetic operations for 8086 (using Various Addressing Modes).
2. Program for sorting an array for 8086.
3. Program for searching for a number or character in a string for 8086.
4. Program for string manipulations for 8086.
5. Program for digital clock design using 8086.
6. Interfacing ADC and DAC to 8086.
7. Parallel communication between two microprocessors using 8255.
8. Serial communication between two microprocessor kits using 8251.
9. Interfacing to 8086 and programming to control stepper motor.
10. Programming using arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation instructions of 8051.
11. Program and verify Timer/ Counter in 8051.
12. Program and verify Interrupt handling in 8051
13. UART Operation in 8051.
14. Communication between 8051 kit and PC.
15. Interfacing LCD to 8051.
16. Interfacing Matrix/ Keyboard to 8051.
17. Data Transfer from Peripheral to Memory through DMA controller 8237/8257.

Note:- Minimum of 12 experiments to be conduct

OUTCOMES:
After going through this course the student will be able to
 To apply the concepts in the design of microprocessor/microcontroller based systems in real
time applications

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

K MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
- / 3 /- 2

(R15A0487) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

Note:
 Minimum of 12 experiments has to be conducted.
 The programs shall be implemented in software (Using MATLAB / Lab view / C programming/
Equivalent) and hardware (Using TI / Analog devices / Motorola / Equivalent DSP processors).

List of Experiments:

1. To find DFT / IDFT of given DT signal

2. Program to obtain Linear Convolution of two finite length sequences
3. Program for computing Auto-correlation.
4. To find frequency response of a given system (in Transfer Function/ Differential equation form).
5. Implementation of FFT of given sequence
6. Determination of power spectrum of a given signal(s).
7. Implementation of LP FIR filter for given sequence
8. Implementation of HP FIR filter for given sequence
9. Implementation of LP IIR filter for given sequence
10. Implementation of HP IIR filter for given sequence
11. Generation of sinusoidal signal through filtering
12. Generation of DTMF signals
13. Implementation of Decimation Process
14. Implementation of Interpolation Process
15. Implementation of I/D sampling rate converters
16. Audio application such as to plot a time and frequency display of microphone plus a cosine using
DSP. Read a .wav file and match with their respective spectrograms.
17. Impulse response of first order and second order systems.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
(R15A0420) VLSI DESIGN
OBJECTIVES
 To understand MOS transistor fabrication processes.
 To understand basic circuit concepts
 To have an exposure to the design rules to be followed for drawing the layout of circuits
 Design of building blocks using different approaches.
 To have a knowledge of the testing processes of CMOS circuits.

UNIT I
Introduction: Brief Introduction to IC technology MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS & BiCMOS Technologies
Basic Electrical Properties of MOS and BiCMOS Circuits: IDS - VDS relationships, MOS transistor
Threshold Voltage-VT, figure of merit-ω0 ,Transconductance-gm, gds ; Pass transistor, NMOS Inverter,
Various pull ups, CMOS Inverter analysis and design, Bi-CMOS Inverters.
UNIT II
VLSI Circuit Design Processes: VLSI Design Flow, MOS Layers, Stick Diagrams, Design Rules and Layout,
Lambda(λ)-based design rules for wires, contacts and Transistors, Layout Diagrams for NMOS and CMOS
Inverters and Gates, Scaling of MOS circuits, Limitations of Scaling.
UNIT III
Gate level Design: Logic gates and other complex gates, Switch logic, Alternate gate circuits.
Basic Circuit Concepts: Sheet Resistance Rs and its concepts to MOS, Area Capacitances
calculations, Inverter Delays, Driving large Capacitive Loads, Wiring Capacitances, Fan-in and fan-out.
UNIT IV
Subsystem Design: Shifters, Adders, ALUs, Multipliers, Parity generators, Comparators, Counters.
VLSI Design styles: Full-custom, Standard Cells, Gate-arrays, FPGAs, CPLDs and Design Approach for Full-
custom and Semi-custom devices, parameters influencing low power design.
UNIT V
CMOS Testing: CMOS Testing, Need for Testing, Test Principles, Design Strategies for Test, Chip Level
and Board Level Test Techniques.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Essentials of VLSI Circuits and Systems, Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian Dougles, A. Pucknell, 2005,
PHI.
2. Modern VLSI Design – Wayne Wolf, 3 Ed., 1997, Pearson Education.
3.CMOS VLSI Design-A Circuits and Systems Perspective, Neil H.E Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee, 3 rd
Edn, Pearson, 2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System Perspective – Ming-BO Lin, CRC Press, 2011.
2. Principals of CMOS VLSI Design – N.H.E Weste, K. Eshraghian, 2 Ed., Addison Wesley.
3.VLSI Design-K.Lal Kishore,V.S.V.Prabhakar,I.K.International,1997.
4.Introduction to VLSI Design-Mead & Convey,BS Publications,2010.
5.CMOS Logic Circuit Design-John P.Uyemura, Springer, 2007.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES
 Acquire quality knowledge about the fabrication process of IC using MOS Transistor
 Draw the layout of any logic circuits which helps to understand and estimate parasitic of any
logic circuit
 Provide design concepts required to design building blocks of data path using gates.
 Design simple logic circuits using PLA, PAL, FPGA and CPLD
 Understand different types of faults that can occur in a system and learn the concept of testing
and adding extra hardware to improve the testability of the system.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
(R15A0421) MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
OBJECTIVES
 To analyze micro-wave circuits incorporating hollow, dielectric and planar waveguides,
transmission lines, filters and other passive components, active devices.
 To Use S-parameter terminology to describe circuits.
 To explain how microwave devices and circuits are characterized in terms of their “S”
Parameters.
 To give students an understanding of microwave transmission lines.
 To Use microwave components such as isolators, Couplers, Circulators, Tees, Gyrators etc..
 To give students an understanding of basic microwave devices (both amplifiers and oscillators).
 To expose the students to the basic methods of microwave measurements.

UNIT I:
Waveguides & Resonators: Introduction, Microwave spectrum and bands, applications of Microwaves,
Rectangular Waveguides-Solution of Wave Equation in Rectangular Coordinates, TE/TM mode analysis,
Expressions for fields, Cutoff frequencies, filter characteristics, dominant and degenerate modes,
sketches of TE and TM mode fields in the cross-section, Mode characteristics - Phase and Group
velocities, wavelengths and impedance relations, Rectangular Waveguides – Power Transmission and
Power Losses, Impossibility of TEM Modes, losses, Q-factor, Cavity resonators-introduction, Rectangular
and cylindrical cavities, dominant modes and resonant frequencies, Q-factor and coupling coefficients,
Illustrative Problems.
UNIT II:
Waveguide Components-I: Scattering Matrix - Significance, Formulation and properties, Wave guide
multiport junctions - E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee,2-hole Directional coupler, S Matrix
calculations for E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Directional coupler, Coupling mechanisms - Probe,
Loop, Aperture types, Wave guide discontinuities - Waveguide Windows, tuning screws and
posts,Irises,Transitions,Twists,Bends,Corners and matched loads, Illustrative Problems.
Waveguide Components-II: Ferrites composition and characteristics, Faraday rotation, Ferrite
components - Gyrator, Isolator, Circulator.
UNIT III:
Linear beam Tubes: Limitations and losses of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies,
Classification of Microwave tubes, O type tubes - 2 cavity klystrons-structure, Reentrant cavities,
velocity modulation process and Applegate diagram, bunching process and small signal theory
Expressions for o/p power and efficiency, Reflex Klystrons-structure, Velocity Modulation, Applegate
diagram, mathematical theory of bunching, power output, efficiency, oscillating modes and o/p
characteristics, Effect of Repeller Voltage on Power o/p, Significance, types and characteristics of slow
wave structures, structure of TWT and amplification process (qualitative treatment), Suppression of
oscillations, Gain considerations.

UNIT IV:
Cross-field Tubes: Introduction, Cross field effects, Magnetrons-different types, cylindrical travelling
wave magnetron-Hull cutoff and Hartree conditions, modes of resonance and PI-mode operation,
separation of PI-mode, O/P characteristics.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Microwave Semiconductor Devices: Introduction to Microwave semiconductor devices, classification,

applications, Transfer Electronic Devices, Gunn diode - principles, RWH theory, Characteristics, Basic
modes of operation - Gunn oscillation modes, LSA Mode, Varactor diode, Parametric amplifier,
Introduction to Avalanche Transit time devices (brief treatment only), Illustrative Problems.
UNIT V:
Microwave Measurements: Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their Features,
Precautions; Waveguide Attenuators – Resistive Card, Rotary Vane types; Waveguide Phase Shifters –
Dielectric, Rotary Vane types. Network Analyzer, Power Meter, Spectrum Analyzer, Microwave Power
Measurement – Bolometer Method. Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency, VSWR, Cavity Q.
Impedance Measurements.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, PHI, 3rd Edition,1994.

2. Microwave and Radar Engineering- M.Kulkarni, Umesh Publications,1998.

REFERENCES :

1. Foundations for Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2nd Edition,
2002.
2. Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices – M.L. Sisodia and G.S.Raghuvanshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
New Age International Publishers Ltd., 1995.
3. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999.
4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th ed., 1955.
5. Elements of Microwave Engineering – R. Chatterjee, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi,1988.

OUTCOMES
 Understand the significance of microwaves and microwave transmission lines
 Analyze the characteristics of microwave tubes and compare them
 Be able to list and explain the various microwave solid state devices
 Can set up a microwave bench for measuring microwave parameters

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0422) CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
OBJECTIVES:
The course Objectives are
 To provide the students with an understanding of the cellular concept frequency reuse, handoff
strategies.
 To enable the students to analyze and understand wireless and mobile cellular communication
systems over stochastic fading channels .
 To provide the students with an understanding of Co-channel and Non-Co channel Interference.
 To give students an understanding of cell coverage for signal and traffic diversity techniques and
mobile antennas.
 To give the students an understanding of frequency management channel assignment and types
of handoff.
UNIT I
CELLULAR SYSTEMS:
Limitations of Conventional System , Basic Cellular Mobile System ,First, second ,third and fourth
Generation cellular wireless systems .Operation of Cellular System .Uniqueness of Mobile Radio
Environment –Fading ,coherence bandwidth,Doppler Spread.
Fundamentals of cellular Radio System Design: concept of frequency reuse channels, Co-channel
Interference, Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor, desired C/I from a normal case in a Omni
directional Antenna system .Trunking and grade of service
UNIT II
CO-CHANNEL & NON CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE:
Measurment of Real Time Co-Channel Interference, design of Antenna system, Antenna parameters and
their effects, diversity techniques: Space Diversity ,Polarization diversity, frequency diversityand time
diversity.
Non-co channel interference-adjacent channel interference, Near End far end interference, effect on
coverage and interference by power decrease, antenna height decrease
UNIT III
CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC:
Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, effect of human made structures, phase difference between
direct and reflected paths, constant standard deviation, straight line path loss slope, general formula for
mobile propagation over water and flat open area, near and long distance propagation .
UNIT IV
CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS :
Space diversity antennas, umbrella pattern antennas, minimum separation of cell site antennas, Mobile
Antennas.
Frequency Management And Channel Assignment : Numbering and grouping, setup access and paging
channels ,channel assignments to cell sites and mobile units, channel sharing and borrowing,
sectorization, overlaid cells, non fixed channel assignment
UNIT V
HANDOFFS:
Handoff Initiation, types of handoff, delaying handoff, advantages of Handoff, power difference handoff,
forced handoff, mobile assisted and soft handoff . Intersystem handoff.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, Tata McGraw Hill, 2rd Edn., 2006.
2. Wireless Communications - Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education, 2nd Edn., 2002.
REFERENCES:
1. Principles of Mobile Communications – Gordon L. Stuber, Springer International 2nd Edition, 2001.
2. Modern Wireless Communication –Simon Haykin Michael Moher, Persons Eduction,2005.
3. Wireless Communication theory and Techniques,Asrar U.H .Sheikh ,Springer,2004.

OUTCOMES:
 The student will be able to understand impairments due to multipath fading channel
 The student will be able to understand the fundamental techniques to overcome the different
fading effects
 The student will be able to understand co-channel and non co-channel interferences
 The student will be able to familiar with cell coverage/signal and traffic, diversity techniques and
mobile antennas
 The student will be able to understand the frequency management, channel assignment and
types of handoffs

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
(R15A0514) COMPUTER NETWORKS
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to:
1. Build an understanding of the fundamental concepts of computer networking.
2. Familiarize the student with the basic taxonomy and terminology of the computer networking area.
3. Introduce the student to advanced networking concepts, preparing the student for entry Advanced
Courses in computer networking.
4. Allow the student to gain expertise in some specific areas of networking such as the design and
Maintenance of individual networks.

UNIT I:
Introduction: Introduction to networks, Internet, Protocols and Standards, The OSI model, Layers in OSI
Model, TCP/IP Suite, Addressing, Analog & Digital Signals
Physical Layer: Physical Layer Introduction, Digital Transmission, multiplexing, Transmission media,
Circuit switched networks, Datagram networks, Virtual circuit networks, Switch& telephone network
UNIT II:
Data link layer: Introduction, Block coding, Cyclic codes, checksum, Framing, Flow and error control,
Noiseless & Noisy channels, HDLC, Point to point protocols
Media Access Sub Layer: Random Access, Controlled access, channelization, IEEE Standards
UNIT III:
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Giga bit Ethernet, wireless LANS, Connecting lans, Backbone networks, Virtual
lans, Wireless wans, SONET, frame relay, ATM
UNIT IV:
Network Layer: Logical addressing, internetworking, tunneling, addressmapping, ICMP, IGMP,
Forwarding, Unicast routing protocols, multicast routing protocols
UNIT V:
Transport Layer: Process to process delivery, TCP and UDP protocols, SCTP ,Data traffic , congestion,
Congestion Control, QoS, integrated services, Differentiated services, QoS in Switched networks.
Application Layer: Domain name space, DNS in internet , Electronic Mail, FTP, WWW, HTTP, SNMP,
Multi Media, Network Security

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data Communications and Networking- Behrouz A Forouzan Fourth Edition TMH, 2006.
2. Computer Networks- Andrew S Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Pearson Education

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. An Engineering approach to computer Networks- S.Keshav, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education
2. Computer and communication Networks- Nader F Mir, Pearson Education
3. Data and Computer Communications, G.S.Hura and M. Singhal, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group.
4. Data Communications and Computer Networks,P.C.Gupta, PHI
5. Computer Networking : A top-down Approach Featuring the Internet, James F.Kurose, K.W.Rose, 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES:
1. Have a good understanding of the OSI Reference Model and in particular have a good knowledge of
Layers 1-3.
2. Analyze the requirements for a given organizational structure and select the most appropriate
networking architecture and technologies
3. Specify and identify deficiencies in existing protocols, and then go onto formulate new and better
protocols
4. Have an understanding of the issues surrounding Mobile and Wireless Networks.
5. Have a working knowledge of datagram and internet socket programming

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – III
(R15A0423) SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
OBJECTIVES
 To prepare the student to excel in basic knowledge of satellite communication principles.
 To provide students with solid foundation in orbital mechanics and launches for the satellite
communication
 To train the students with the basic knowledge of link design of satellite with a design examples.
 To provide the better understanding of multiple access systems and earth station technology.
 To prepare the students with knowledge in satellite navigation and GPS and satellite packet
communication
UNIT -I:
Communication Satellite: Orbit and Description: A Brief history of satellite Communication, satellite
Frequency Bands, Satellite Systems, Applications, Orbital Period and Velocity, effects of orbital
Inclination, Azimuth and Elevation, Coverage angle and slant Range, Eclipse, Orbital Perturbations,
Placement of a Satellite in a Geo-Stationary orbit.
UNIT -II:
Satellite Sub-Systems: Attitude and Orbit Control system, TT&C subsystem, Attitude Control subsystem,
Power systems, Communication subsystems, Satellite Antenna Equipment.
Satellite Link: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T ratio, Basic Link Analysis,
Interference Analysis, Design of satellite Links for a specified C/N, (With and without frequency Re-use),
Link Budget.
UNIT -III:
Propagation Effects:Introduction, Atmospheric Absorption, Cloud Attenuation, Tropospheric and
Ionospeheric Scintillation and Low angle fading, Rain induced attenuation, rain induced cross
polarization interference. Multiple Access:Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -Intermodulation,
Calculation of C/N, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -Frame Structure, Burst Structure, Satellite
switched TDMA, On-board Processing, Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) –Types of Demand
Assignment, Characteristics, CDMA Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.
UNIT -IV:
Earth Station Technology:Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems, Terrestrial Interface,
Power Test Methods, Lower Orbit Considerations.Satellite Navigation and Global Positioning
Systems:Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position Location Principles, GPS Receivers, GPS C/A Code
Accuracy, Differential GPS.
UNIT -V:
Satellite Packet Communications:Message Transmission by FDMA: M/G/1 Queue, Message Transmission
by TDMA, PURE ALOHA-Satellite Packet Switching, Slotted Aloha, Packet Reservation, Tree Algorithm.
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Satellite Communications –Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt, 2ndEdition, 2003, John
Wiley & Sons.
2.Satellite Communications Engineering –Wilbur, L. Pritchand, Robert A. Nelson and Heuri G.
Suyderhoud, 2ndEd., Pearson Publications.
3.Digital Satellite Communications-Tri.T.Ha, 2ndEdition, 1990, Mc.Graw Hill.
REFERENCE BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1.Satellite Communications-Dennis Roddy, 2ndEdition, 1996, McGraw Hill.

2.Satellite Communications: Design Principles –M. Richcharia, 2ndEd., BSP, 2003.
3.Digital Satellite Communications –Tri. T. Ha, 2ndEd., MGH, 1990.
4.Fundamentals of Satellite Communications –K. N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004.

OUTCOMES
 Student will understand the historical background, basic concepts and frequency allocations for
satellite communications
 Students will demonstrate the orbital mechanics, launch vehicles and launchers
 Student will demonstrate the design of satellite links for specified C/N with system design
examples
 Students will be able to visualize satellites sub systems like telemetry, tracking, command and
monitoring power systems etc.,
 Students will understand the various multiple access systems for satellite communication
systems and satellite packet communications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – III
(R15A0424) EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN

OBJECTIVES:
For embedded systems, the course will enable the students to:
. Understand the basics of an embedded system.
. Program an embedded system.
.To learn the design process of embedded system applications.
.To understands the RTOS and inter-process communication.
.To understand different communication interfaces.

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Complex systems and microprocessors-embedding computers, characteristics of embedded computing
applications, challenges in embedded computing system design, performance in embedded computing;
The embedded system design process-requirements, specification, architecture design, designing
hardware and software, components, system integration, design example.
UNIT-II TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Core of the embedded system-general purpose and domain specific processors, ASICs, PLDs, COTs;
Memory-ROM, RAM, memory according to the type of interface, memory shadowing, memory selection
for embedded systems; Sensors, actuators and other components-sensors, actuators, seven segment
LED, relay, piezo buzzer, push button switch, reset circuit, brownout protection circuit, oscillator circuit
real time clock, watch dog timer.
UNIT-III EMBEDDED FIRMWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Embedded firmware design approaches-super loop based approach, operating system based approach;
Embedded firmware development languages-assembly language based development, high level
language based development; Programming in embedded c.
UNIT-IV RTOS BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
Operating system basics, types of operating systems, tasks, process and threads, multiprocessing and
multitasking, task scheduling: non-preemptive and pre-emptive scheduling; task communication-shared
memory, message passing.
UNIT-V COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Onboard communication interfaces-I2C, SPI, UART, 1 wire interface, parallel interface; External
communication interfaces-RS232 and RS485,USB, infrared, Bluetooth, wi-Fi, zigbee, GPRS; Automotive
networks and sensor networks.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computers as Components –Wayne Wolf, Morgan Kaufmann (second edition).
2. Introduction to Embedded Systems - shibu k v, Mc Graw Hill Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Embedded System Design -frank vahid, tony grivargis, john Wiley.
2. Embedded Systems- An integrated approach - Lyla b das, Pearson education 2012.
3. Embedded Systems – Raj kamal, TMH
4. An embedded Software Primer, David e Simon, Pearson education

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 Understand and design the embedded systems
 Learn the basics of OS and RTOS
 Understand types of memory and interfacing to external world
Understand embedded firmware design approaches

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B. Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/-/- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – III
(R15A0425) TELEVISION ENGINEERING
Course Objectives:
 The objectives of the course are:
 To familiarize the students with Television transmitters and receivers and TV signal
transmission.
 To make them understand different signal processing steps monochrome television.
 To introduce colour television transmitters and receivers.

UNIT–I:
Introduction: TV transmitter and receivers, synchronization. Geometric form and aspect ratio,
image continuity, interlaced scanning, picture resolution, Composite
videosignal,TVstandards.Camera tubes:image Orthicon,Plumbicon,vidicon, silicon Diode Array
vidicon, Comparison of camera tubes, Monochrome TV camera,
TV Signal Transmission and Propagation: Picture Signal transmission, positive and negative
modulation, VSB transmission, sound signal transmission, standard channel BW,TV transmitter,
TV signal propagation, interference, TV broadcast channels, TV transmission Antennas.
UNIT –II:
Monochrome TV Receiver:
RF tuner, IF subsystem, video amplifier, sound section, sync separation and processing,
deflection circuits, scanning circuits, AGC, noise cancellation, video and inter carrier sound
signal detection, vision IF subsystem of Black and White receivers, Receiver sound system: FM
detection, FM Sound detectors, and typical applications.
UNIT -III:
Sync Separation and Detection: TV Receiver Tuners, Tuner operation, VHF and UHF tuners,
digital tuning techniques, remote control of receiver functions. Sync Separation, AFC and
Deflection Oscillators: Synchronous separation, k noise in sync pulses, separation of frame and
line sync pulses. AFC, single ended AFC circuit, Deflection Oscillators, deflection drive ICs,
Receiver Antennas, Picture Tubes,
UNIT–IV:
Color Television:
Colour signal generation, additive colour mixing, video signals for colours, colour difference
signals, encoding, Perception of brightness and colours luminance signal, Encoding of colour
difference signals, formation of chrominance signals, color cameras, Colour picture tubes.
Color Signal Encoding and Decoding: NTSC colour system PAL colour system, PAL encoder, PAL-
D Decoder, chrome signal amplifiers, separation of U and V signals, colour burst separation,
Burst phase discriminator, ACC amplifier, Reference oscillator, Indent and colour killer circuits,
U& V demodulators.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

UNIT – V:

Color Receiver: Introduction to colour receiver, Electron tuners, IF subsystem, Y-signal

channel,Chroma decoder, Separation of U & V Color, Phasors, synchronous demodulators, Sub
carrier generation, raster circuits.
Digital TV:Introduction to Digital TV, Digital Satellite TV, Direct to Home Satellite TV, Digital TV
Transmitter, Digital TV Receiver, Digital Terrestrial TV, LCD TV, LED TV, CCD Image Sensors,
HDTV.

TEXT BOOKS:
 Television and Video Engineering-A.M.Dhake, 2ndEdition.
 Modern Television Practice –Principles, Technology and Service-R.R.Gallatin, New Age
International Publication, 2002.
 Monochrome and Colour TV-R.R. Gulati, New Age International Publication, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Colour Television Theory and Practice-S.P.Bali, TMH, 1994.
2. Basic Television and Video Systems-B.Grob and C.E.Herndon, McGraw Hill, 1999.

Course Outcomes:
1. Understand TV standards and picture tubes for monochrome TV.
2. Distinguish between monochrome and colour Television transmitters and receivers.
3. Analyze and Evaluate the NTSC and PAL colour systems.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B. Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/-/- 3
CORE ELECTIVE - IV
(R15A0426) DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Course Objectives:
The course objectives are:
 Provide the student with the fundamentals of digital image processing
 Give the students a taste of the applications of the theories taught in the subject. This
will be achieved through the project and some selected lab sessions.
 Introduce the students to some advanced topics in digital image processing.
 Give the students a useful skill base that would allow them to carry out further study
should they be interested and to work in the field.
UNIT I
Digital image fundamentals & Image Transforms:- Digital Image fundamentals, Sampling and
quantization, Relationship between pixels.
Image Transforms: 2-D FFT , Properties. Walsh transform, Hadamard Transform, Discrete
cosine Transform, Haar transform, Slant transform, Hotelling transform.
UNIT II
Image enhancement (spatial domain) : Introduction, Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain,
Enhancement Through Point Operation, Types of Point Operation, Histogram Manipulation,
Linear and non linear gray level Transformation, local or neighborhood operation, median
filter,spatial domain high-pass filtering.
Image enhancement (Frequency domain): Filtering in Frequency Domain, Obtaining Frequency
Domain Filters from Spatial Filters, Generating Filters Directly in the Frequency Domain, Low
Pass(smoothing) and High Pass (sharpening) filters in Frequency Domain
UNIT III
Image Restoration: Degradation Mode, Algebraic Approach to Restoration, Inverse Filtering,
Least Mean Square Filters, Constrained Least Squares Restoration, Interactive Restoration
UNIT IV
Image segmentation: Detection of discontinuities. Edge linking and boundary detection,
Thresholding, Region oriented segmentation
Morphological Image Processing :Dilation and Erosion, Dilation, Structuring Element
Decomposition, Erosion, Combining Dilation and Erosion, Opening and Closing, The Hit or Miss
Transformation.
UNIT V
Image Compression:
Redundancies and their Removal Methods, Fidelity Criteria, Image Compression Models,
Huffman and Arithmetic Coding, Error Free Compression, Lossy Compression, Lossy and
Laooless Predictive Coding, Transform Based Compression, JPEG 2000 Standards.
TEXT BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Digital Image Processing- Rafeal C.Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, 3rd Edition, Pearson,
2008
2. Digital Image Processing- S Jayaraman, S. Essakkirajan, T. Veerakumar-TMH,2010
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1 Digital Image Processing and analysis-human and computer visionapplication with using CVIP
Tools – Scotte Umbaugh,2nd Ed, CRC Press,2011
2. Introduction to Digital Image Processing with Matlab, Alasdair McAndrew, Thomson Course
Technology
3.Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing-A.K. Jain, PHI,1989
4.Digital Image Processing and computer Vision-Somka, Halavac,Boyle-Cengage learning (Indian
edition)2008,
5. Digital Image Processing using Matlab, Rafeal C.Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven L. Eddins,
Pearson Education.
6. Introduction to Image Processing & Analysis-John C.Russ, J. Christian Russ, CRC Press,2010
7. Digital Image Processing with MATLAB & Labview-Vipula Singh Elsevier

Course Outcomes:
 Upon Successfully completing the course, the student should:
 Have an appreciation of the fundamentals of Digital Image Processing including the
topics of filtering,transforms and morphology, and image analysis and compession
 Be able to implement basic image processing algorithums in MATLAB.
 Have the skill base necessary to further explore advance d topics of Digital Image
Processing.
 Be in a position to make a positive professional contribution in the field of Digital Image
Processing.
 At the end of the course the student should have a clear impression of the breadth and
practical scope of Digital Image Processing and have arrived at a level of understanding
that is the foundation for most of the work currently underway in this field.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – IV
(R15A0427) SPEECH PROCESSING

OBJECTIVES:
 Focus on the fundamentals of digital speech processing and their application to coding,
synthesis and recognition.
 Emphasize on how digital signal processing techniques can be applied in problems related to
speech communication.
 Provide an overview of the way in which digital speech processing is being applied in present
day applications.
UNIT – I
FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING
Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Organs, The process of Speech Production, The Acoustic Theory of
Speech Production, Loss less tube models, Digital Speech Processing, Digital models for speech signals.
UNIT – II
TIME DOMAIN MODELS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING
Introduction- Window considerations, Short time energy and average magnitude Short time average
zero crossing rate ,Speech vs. silence discrimination using energy and zero crossing, Pitch period
estimation using a parallel processing approach, The short time autocorrelation function, The short time
average magnitude difference function, Pitch period estimation using the autocorrelation function.
UNIT – III
LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING (LPC) ANALYSIS
Basic principles of Linear Predictive Analysis: The Autocorrelation Method, The Covariance Method,
Solution of LPC Equations: Cholesky Decomposition Solution for Covariance Method, Durbin’s Recursive
Solution for the Auto Correlation Equations, Comparison between the Methods of Solution of the LPC
Analysis Equations, Applications of LPC Parameters: Pitch Detection using LPC Parameters, Formant
Analysis using LPC Parameters.
UNIT – IV
SPEECH ENHANCEMENT
Nature of interfering sounds, Speech enhancement techniques: Single Microphone Approach: spectral
substraction, Wiener filter, Multi microphone Approach, Spectral restoration: MMSE-STSA, MMSE-LSA.
UNIT – V
SPEECH & SPEAKER RECOGNITION
Speech recognition
Basic pattern recognition approaches, parametric representation of speech, evaluating the similarity of
speech patterns, Accommodating both spectral and temporal variability, Speech Recognition Systems:
Isolated Digit Recognition System, Continuous digit Recognition System
Speaker recognition
Recognition techniques, Features that distinguish speakers, Speaker Recognition Systems: Speaker
Verification System, Speaker Identification System.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital processing of speech signals - L.R Rabiner and S.W.Schafer. Pearson Education.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Speech Communications: Human & Machine - Douglas O'Shaughnessy, 2nd ed., IEEE Press.
3. Fundamental of speech recognition: L.R Rabinar, Biing-Hwang Jung, Pearson Education.

REFERENCES:
1. Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing: principles and Practice - Thomas F. Quateri 1 ed., PE.
2. Speech & Audio Signal Processing- Ben Gold & Nelson Morgan, 1 ed., Wiley.
3. Speech and Language Processing, Jurafsky, Pearson Education.
4. Voice and Speech Processing, Thomas Parsons, McGraw Hill Series
5. Signal Processing of Speech, Owens F.J., Macmillan New Electronics

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of digital speech processing and their application to coding,
synthesis and recognition.
 Emphasize on how digital signal processing techniques can be applied in problems related to
speech communication.
 Provide an overview of the way in which digital speech processing is being applied in present
day applications.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1/ - /- 3
CORE ELECTIVE – IV
(R15A0428) MULTIMEDIA AND SIGNAL CODING
OBJECTIVES:
• To provide an introduction to the fundamental principles and techniques in Multimedia Signal coding
and compression.
• To give an overview of current multimedia standards and technologies.
• To provide techniques related to computer and multimedia networks.
• To provide knowledge related to Multimedia Network Communications and Applications.
UNIT-I:
Introduction to Multimedia: Multimedia, World Wide Web, Overview of Multimedia Tools, Multimedia
Authoring, Graphics/ Image Data Types, and File Formats.
Color in Image and Video: Color Science – Image Formation, Camera Systems, Gamma Correction, Color
Matching Functions, CIE Chromaticity Diagram, Color Monitor Specifications, Out-of-Gamut Colors,
White Point Correction, XYZ to RGB Transform, Transform with Gamma Correction, L*A*B* Color Model.
Color Models in Images – RGB Color Model for CRT Displays, Subtractive Color: CMY Color Model,
Transformation from RGB to CMY, Under Color Removal: CMYK System, Printer Gamuts, Color Models in
Video – Video Color Transforms, YUV Color Model, YIQ Color Model, Ycbcr Color Model.
UNIT-II:
Video Concepts: Types of Video Signals, Analog Video, Digital Video.
Audio Concepts: Digitization of Sound, Quantization and Transmission of Audio.
UNIT-III:
Compression Algorithms:
Lossless Compression Algorithms: Run Length Coding, Variable Length Coding, Arithmetic Coding,
Lossless JPEG, Image Compression. Lossy Image Compression Algorithms: Transform Coding: KLT And
DCT Coding, Wavelet Based Coding. Image Compression Standards: JPEG and JPEG2000.
UNIT-IV:
Video Compression Techniques: Introduction to Video Compression, Video Compression Based on
Motion Compensation, Search for Motion Vectors, H.261- Intra-Frame and InterFrame Coding,
Quantization, Encoder and Decoder, Overview of MPEG1 and MPEG2.
UNIT-V:
Audio Compression Techniques: ADPCM in Speech Coding, G.726 ADPCM, Vocoders – Phase
Insensitivity, Channel Vocoder, Formant Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding, CELP, Hybrid Excitation
Vocoders, MPEG Audio – MPEG Layers, MPEG Audio Strategy, MPEG Audio Compression Algorithms,
MPEG-2 AAC, MPEG-4 Audio.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Multimedia – Ze- Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, PHI, 2010.
2. Multimedia Signals & Systems – Mrinal Kr. Mandal Springer International Edition 1st Edition,
2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Multimedia Communication Systems – Techniques, Stds & Netwroks K.R. Rao, Zorans. Bojkoric,
Dragorad A. Milovanovic, 1st Edition, 2002.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

2. Fundamentals of Multimedia Ze- Nian Li, Mark S.Drew, Pearson Education (LPE), 1st Edition,
2009.
3. Multimedia Systems John F. Koegel Bufond Pearson Education (LPE), 1st Edition, 2003.
4. Digital Video Processing – A. Murat Tekalp, PHI, 1996.
5. Video Processing and Communications – Yaowang, Jorn Ostermann, Ya-QinZhang, Pearson,
2002.

OUTCOMES
Upon successfully completion of the course, the student should:
 Understand the fundamentals behind the multimedia signal processing
 Understand the fundamentals behind the multimedia compression
 Understand the basic principles behind the existing multimedia compression and
communication standards
 Understand future multimedia technologies and apply the acquired knowledge to specific
multimedia related problems and projects at work
 Take advance courses in this area.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
- -/ 3 /- 2
(R15A0488) eCAD & VLSI LAB

Note: Minimum of 10 programs from Part –I and 4 programs from Part -II are to be conducted.
Design and implementation of the following CMOS digital/analog circuits using Cadence / Mentor
Graphics / Synopsys / Equivalent CAD tools. The design shall include Gate-level design, Transistor-level
design, Hierarchical design, Verilog HDL/VHDL design, Logic synthesis, Simulation and verification.

Part –I: VLSI Front End Design programs:

Programming can be done using any complier. Down load the programs on FPGA/CPLD boards and
performance testing may be done using pattern generator (32 channels) and logic analyzer apart from
verification by simulation with any of the front end tools.
1. HDL code to realize all the logic gates
2. Design and Simulation of adder, Serial Binary Adder, Multi Precession Adder, Carry
Look Ahead Adder.
3. Design of 2-to-4 decoder
4. Design of 8-to-3 encoder (without and with parity)
5. Design of 8-to-1 multiplexer
6. Design of 4 bit binary to gray converter
7. Design of Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer, comparator
8. Design of Full adder using 3 modeling styles
9. Design of flip flops: SR, D, JK, T
10. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters ( synchronous/ asynchronous reset) or any Sequence Counter
11. Design of a N- bit Register of Serial- in Serial –out, Serial in parallel out, Parallel in
Serial out and Parallel in Parallel Out.
12. Design of Sequence Detector (Finite State Machine- Mealy and Moore Machines).
13. Design of 4- Bit Multiplier, Divider.
14. Design of ALU to Perform – ADD, SUB, AND-OR, 1’s and 2’s Compliment,
Multiplication, and Division.

Part –II: VLSI Back End Design programs:

Design and implementation of the following CMOS digital/analog circuits using Cadence / Mentor
Graphics / Synopsys / Equivalent CAD tools. The design shall include Gate-level design/Transistor-level
design/Hierarchical design/Verilog HDL or VHDL design, Logic synthesis, Simulation and verification,
Scaling of CMOS Inverter for different technologies, study of secondary effects (temperature, power
supply and process corners), Circuit optimization with respect to area, performance and/or power,
Layout, Extraction of parasitics and back annotation, modifications in circuit parameters and layout
consumption, DC/transient analysis, Verification of layouts (DRC, LVS).
1. Introduction to layout design rules
2. Layout, physical verification, placement & route for complex design, static timing analysis, IR drop
analysis and crosstalk analysis of the following:
 Basic logic gates
 CMOS inverter
 CMOS NOR/ NAND gates

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

 CMOS XOR and MUX gates

 CMOS 1-bit full adder
 Static / Dynamic logic circuit (register cell)
 Latch
 Pass transistor
3. Introduction to SPICE simulation of NMOS/CMOS circuit
4. SPICE Simulation of basic analog circuits: Inverter/Differential Amplifier
5. Analog Circuit simulation (AC analysis) of CS & CD Amplifier

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
- -/ 3 /- 2
(R15A0489) MICROWAVE AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Part – A ( Any 6 Experiments) :
1. Characteristics of gunn diode
2. Characteristics of the reflex klystron tube
3. Attenuation measurement
4. Impedance measurement
5. Frequency measurement
6. Characteristics of multihole directional coupler
7. Determination of standing wave ratio and reflection coefficient
8. Measurement of waveguide parameters
9. Study of magic tee
10. Study of circulator
Part – B (Any 6 Experiments):
1. Time Division Multiplexing and Demultipluxing
2. Amplitude shift keying modulation & demodulation
3. Frequency shift keying modulation & demodulation
4. Phase shift keying modulation & demodulation
5. Differential phase shift keying modulation & demodulation
6. Pulse code modulation & demodulation
7. Differential pulse code modulation & demodulation
8. Delta modulation & demodulation
Equipment required for Microwave Laboratory:
1. Regulated Klystron Power Supply
2. VSWR Meter
3. Micro Ammeter - 0 – 500 µA
4. Multimeter
5. CRO
6. GUNN Power Supply, Pin Modulator
7. Reflex Klystron Tube
8. Crystal Diodes
9. Micro wave components (Attenuation)
10. Frequency Meter
11. Slotted line carriage
12. Probe detector
13. wave guide shorts
14. Directional Coupler
15. E, H, Magic Tee
16. Circulators, Isolator
17. Matched Loads
Equipment required for Digital Communications Lab:
1. TDM,ASK,FSK,PSK,PCM,DPCM,DPSK,DM Modulation & Demodulation Kits
2. Digital Storage Oscilloscopes, Coaxial Probes, Patch Cords

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
CORE ELECTIVE – V
(R15A0429) RADAR SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES
 To learn Radar Fundamentals like Radar Equation, Operating frequencies & Applications.
 To understand the basic concepts of different types of Radars for surveillance & Tracking.
 To know the various types of tracking techniques involved.
 To understand Radar Receivers, MTI filters, displays and antennas.

UNIT I
Basics of Radar: Introduction, Maximum Unambiguous Range, Radar Waveforms, Simple form of
Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications, Prediction of
Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise, Modified Radar Range Equation,
Related Problems.
Radar Equation: SNR, Envelope Detector-False AlarmTime and Probability, Integration of Radar Pulses,
Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets - sphere, cone-sphere), Transmitter Power, PRF and
Range Ambiguities, System Losses (qualitative treatment), Related Problems.
UNIT-II
CW and Frequency Modulated Radar: Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram, Isolation
between Transmitter and Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements,
Applications of CW radar, Related Problems.
FM-CW Radar: FM-CW Radar, Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and Characteristics
(Approaching/ Receding Targets), FM-CW altimeter, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.
UNIT-III
MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with - Power Amplifier Transmitter
and Power Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds,
Double Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters. MTI Radar Parameters, Limitations to
MTI Performance, MTI versus Pulse Doppler Radar.
Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar –
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one- and two- coordinates), Angular Accuracy, Tracking in Range,
Acquisition and Scanning Patterns, Comparison of Trackers.
UNIT-IV
Detection of Radar Signals in Noise: Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver – Response
Characteristics and Derivation, Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-
matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.
UNIT-V
Radar Receivers: Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, Displays – types, Introduction to Phased Array
Antennas –Basic Concepts, Radiation Pattern, Beam Steering and Beam Width changes,
Applications, Advantages and Limitations.
Electronic Warfare: Introduction to ESM, ECM and ECCM systems.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, TMH Special Indian Edition, 2nd Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2007.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, 3rd Edition Tata McGraw-Hill, 2001.
2. Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications-Byron Edde, Pearson Education, 2004.
3. Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles-Mark A. Richards, James A. Scheer, William A. Holm,
Yesdee,2013.
4. ‘Radar Hand Book ‘ Ed. By M.I Skolnik, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. ‘Understanding Radar Systems’ by Simon Kinsley and Shaun Quegan, Scitech Publishing, McGraw-Hill.

OUTCOMES
 Demonstrate an understanding of the factors affecting the radar performance using Radar Range
Equation.
 Analyze the principle of FM-CW radar and apply it in FM-CW Altimeter.
 Differentiate between a MTI Radar and a Pulse Doppler Radar based on their working principle.
 Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of Matched Filter Receivers in Radars.
 Familiarize with the different types of Radar Displays and their application in real time scenario

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
CORE ELECTIVE – VII
(R15A0430) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES

OBJECTIVES
• To introduce architectural features of programmable DSP Processors of TI and Analog Devices.
• To recall digital transform techniques.
• To give practical examples of DSP Processor architectures for better understanding.
• To develop the programming knowledge using Instruction set of DSP Processors.
• To understand interfacing techniques to memory and I/O devices.

UNIT –I:
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing:
Introduction, A Digital signal-processing system, The sampling process, Discrete time sequences.
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant systems, Digital
filters, Decimation and interpolation.
Computational Accuracy in DSP Implementations:
Number formats for signals and coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision, Sources of
error in DSP implementations, A/D Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A Conversion Errors,
Compensating filter.
UNIT –II:
Architectures for Programmable DSP Devices:
Basic Architectural features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data
Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation UNIT, Programmability and Program Execution, Speed
Issues, Features for External interfacing.
UNIT -III:
Programmable Digital Signal Processors:
Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data
Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program
Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX
processors, Pipeline operation of TMS320C54XX Processors.
UNIT –IV:
Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices:
Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices – ALU and MAC block diagram, Shifter Instruction, Base
Architecture of ADSP 2100, ADSP-2181 high performance Processor.
Introduction to Blackfin Processor - The Blackfin Processor, Introduction to Micro Signal Architecture,
Overview of Hardware Processing Units and Register files, Address Arithmetic Unit, Control Unit, Bus
Architecture and Memory, Basic Peripherals.
UNIT –V:
Interfacing Memory and I/O Peripherals to Programmable DSP Devices:
Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O interface,
Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).

TEXT BOOKS:

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

1. Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.
2. A Practical Approach to Digital Signal Processing - K Padmanabhan, R. Vijayarajeswaran, Ananthi. S,
New Age International, 2006/2009
3. Embedded Signal Processing with the Micro Signal Architecture Publisher: Woon-Seng Gan, Sen M.
Kuo, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications – B. Venkataramani and M.
Bhaskar, 2002, TMH.
2.Digital Signal Processing – Jonatham Stein, 2005, John Wiley.
3.DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. 2000, S. Chand & Co.
4.Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family by The Applications Engineering
Staff of Analog Devices, DSP Division, Edited by Amy Mar, PHI
5.The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing by Steven W. Smith, Ph.D., California
Technical Publishing, ISBN 0-9660176-3-3, 1997 6.Embedded Media Processing by David J. Katz and Rick
Gentile of Analog Devices, Newnes, ISBN 0750679123, 2005

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
 To distinguish between the architectural features of general purpose processors and DSP
processors
 Understand the architectures of TMS 320C54XX and ADSP2100 DSP devices
 Able to write assembly language programs using instruction set of TMS320C54XX
 Can interface various devices to DSP Processors

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B. Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/-/- 4
CORE ELECTIVE - V
(R15A0431) RF CIRCUIT DESIGN

Course Objectives:
The Course Objectives are:
 To educate students fundamental RF circuit and system design skills.
 To introduce students the basic transmission line theory, single and multiport networks,
RF component modelling.
 To offer students experience on designing matching and biasing networks & RF
transistor amplifier design.
UNIT-I:
Introduction: Importance of RF Design-Dimensions and Units-Frequency Spectrum-RF Behavior
of Passive Components: High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency Capacitors, High Frequency
Inductors.-Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors, Chip Capacitors,
and Surface Mount Inductors
Review of Transmission Lines: Types of Transmission Lines-Equivalent Circuit representation-R,
L, C, G parameters of Different Line configurations-Terminated Lossless Transmission Lines-
Special Terminations: Short Circuit, Open Circuit and Quarter Wave Transmission Lines-Sourced
and Loaded Transmission Lines: Power Considerations, Input Impedance Matching, Return Loss
and Insertion Loss.
UNIT-II:
SingleandMulti-PortNetworks:TheSmithChart:ReflectionCoefficient,Normalized Impedance-
Impedance Transformation: Standing wave Ratio, Special Transformation Conditions-
Admittance Transformation-Parallel and Series RL & RC Connections-Basic Definitions of Single
and Multi-Port Networks-Interconnecting Networks.
RF Filter Design:Scattering Parameters: Definition, Meaning, Chain Scattering Matrix,
Conversion Between S-and Z-parameters, Signal Flow Chart Modeling, Generalization-Basic
Resonator and Filter Configurations: Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band Stop type Filters-
Filter Implementation using Unit Element and Kuroda's Identities Transformations-Coupled
Filters.
UNIT-III:
Active RF Component Modelling: RF Diode Models: Nonlinear and Linear Models-Transistor
Models: Large Signal and Small Signal BJT Models, Large Signal and Small Signal FET Models-
Scattering Parameter, Device
Characterization.
UNIT-IV:
Matching and Biasing Networks:Impedance Matching Using Discrete Components: Two
Component Matching Networks, Forbidden Regions, Frequency Response and Quality Factor, T
and Pi Matching Networks-

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Amplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing Networks: Classes of Operation and Efficiency of
Amplifiers, Biasing Networks for BJT, Biasing Networks for FET.
UNIT-V:
RF Transistor Amplifier Design:Characteristics of Amplifiers-Amplifier Power Relations: RF
Source, Transducer Power Gain, Additional Power Relations-Stability Considerations: Stability
Circles, Unconditional Stability, And Stabilization Methods-Unilateral and Bilateral Design for
Constant Gain-Noise Figure Circles-Constant VSWR Circles.
RF Oscillators and Mixers:Basic Oscillator Model: Negative Resistance Oscillator, Feedback
Oscillator Design, Design steps, Quartz Oscillators-
Fixed Frequency High Frequency Oscillator -Basic Characteristics of
Mixers: Concepts, Frequency Domain Considerations, Single Ended Mixer Design, Single and
Double Balanced Mixers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. RF Circuit Design –Theory and Applications -Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bsetchko –Pearson
Education India, 2000.
2. Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits –Analysis and Design -
Devendra K.Misra –Wiley Student Edition –John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics –Matthew M. Radmanesh –PEI.
2. RF Circuit Design –Christopher Bowick, Cheryl Aljuni and John Biyler,Elsevier Science,
2008.
3. Secrets of RF Circuit Design -Joseph J.Carr, TMH, 2000.
4. Design of RF and Microwave Amplifiersand Oscillators Peter L.D. Abrif, Artech House,
2000.
5. The Design of CMOS Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits -Thomas H.Lee, 2/e -
Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Explore fundamental RF circuit and system design skills.
 Understand the basic transmission line theory, single and multiport networks, RF
component modelling.
 Design matching and biasing networks & RF transistor amplifiers.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
CORE ELECTIVE – VI
(R15A0432) WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

OBJECTIVES
 To provide the students with the fundamental treatment about many practical and theoretical
concepts that forms basic of wireless communication to equip the students with various kinds of
wireless networks and its operations.
 To prepare the students to understand the concept of frequency reuse and be able to apply it in
the design of mobile cellular system
 To prepare the students to understand various modulation schemes and multiple access
techniques that are used in wireless communications
 To provide an analytical perspective on the design and analysis the traditional and emerging
wireless networks and to discuss the nature of and solution methods to the fundamental
problems in the wireless networking
 To train the students to understand the architecture and operation of various wireless WAN
such as GSM, IS-95, GPRS and SMS
 To train students to understand wireless LAN architectures and operations
 To prepare students to understand the emerging technique OFDM and its importance in the
wireless communications
UNIT -I
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Evolution of mobile radio communications,
examples of wireless communication systems-paging systems, cordless telephone systems, cellular
telephone systems, comparison of common wireless communication systems, trends in cellular radio
and personal communications. MODERN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Second generation
(2G) cellular networks, third generation (3G) wireless networks, wireless local loop (WLL) and LMDS,
wireless local area networks (WLANs), Bluetooth and personal area networks (PANs).
UNIT –II:
Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss: Introduction to Radio Wave Propagation, Free Space
Propagation Model, Relating Power to Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation Mechanisms,
Reflection-Reflection from Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Reflection from prefect conductors, Ground
Reflection (Two-Ray) Model, Diffraction-Fresnel Zone Geo metry, Knife-edge Diffraction Model, Multiple
knife-edge Diffraction, Scattering, Outdoor Propagation Models-Longley-Ryce Model, Okumura Model,
Hata Model, PCS Extension to Hata Model, Walfisch and Bertoni Model, Wideband PCS Microcell Model,
Indoor Propagation Models-Partition losses (Same Floor), Partition losses between Floors, Log-distance
path loss model, Ericsson Multiple Breakpoint Model, Attenuation Factor Model, Signal penetration into
buildings, Ray Tracing and Site Specific Modeling.
UNIT –III:
Mobile Radio Propagation: Small –Scale Fading and MultipathSmall Scale Multipath propagation-Factors
influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift, Impulse Response Model of a multipath channel-
Relationship between Bandwidth and Received power, Small-Scale Multipath Measurements-Direct RF
Pulse System, Spread Spectrum Sliding Correlator Channel Sounding, Frequency Domain Channels
Sounding, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels-Time Dispersion Parameters, Coherence
Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time, Types of Small-Scale Fading-Fading effects Due to

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

Multipath Time Delay Spread, Flat fading, Frequency selective fading, Fading effects Due to Doppler
Spread-Fast fading, slow fading, Statistical Models for multipath Fading Channels-Clarke‘s model for flat
fading, spectral shape due to Doppler spread in Clarke‘s model, Simulation of Clarke and Gans Fading
Model, Level crossing and fading statistics, Two-ray Rayleigh Fading Model.
UNIT –IV
WI-FI AND THE IEEE 802.11 WIRELESS LAN STANDARD: IEEE 802 Architecture, IEEE 802.11 Architecture
and Services, 802.11Medium Access Control, 802.11 Physical Layer, Other IEEE 802.11 Standards, Wi-Fi
Protected Access.BLUETOOTH AND IEEE 802.15: Overview, radio specification, baseband specification,
link manager specification, logical link control and adaptation protocol, IEEE 802.15.
UNIT -V
MOBILE DATA NETWORKS: Introduction, data oriented CDPD network, GPRS and higher data rates, short
messaging service in GSM, mobile application protocols.WIRELESS ATM & HIPERLAN: Introduction,
Wireless ATM, HIPERLAN, HIPERLAN-2.

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Theodore S. Rappaport (2002), Wireless Communications -Principles Practice,2nd edition, Prentice Hall
of India, New Delhi.
2.William Stallings (2009), Wireless Communications and Networks,2nd edition, Pearson Education, India.
3.Kaveh PahLaven, Prashanth Krishna Murthy (2007), Principles of Wireless Networks -A Unified
Approach, Pearson Education, India.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Dr. Kamilo Feher (2003), Wireless Digital Communications,Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
2.Jochen Schiller (2009), Mobile Communications, 2nd edition, Pearson Education, India.
3.Andreas F. Molisch (2006), Wireless Communications, Wiley –India, New Delhi.
OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
 Understand the principles of wireless communications
 Understand fundamentals of wireless networking
 Understand cellular system design concepts
 Analyze various multiple access schemes using wireless communication
 Understand Wireless WANs and their performance analysis
 Demonstrate wireless LAN and their specifications
 Familiar with some of the existing and emerging wireless standards
 Understand the concept of OFDM

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
CORE ELECTIVE – VIII
(R15A0573) NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

OBJECTIVES:
To make the students to understand the principles of encryption algorithms, conventional and public
key cryptography.
UNIT 1:
Introduction to security attacks - services and mechanism - introduction to cryptography - Conventional
Encryption: Conventional encryption model - classical encryption techniques - substitution ciphers and
transposition ciphers – cryptanalysis – stereography - stream and block ciphers - Modern Block Ciphers:
Block ciphers principals - Shannon’s theory of confusion and diffusion - fiestal structure - data encryption
standard(DES) - strength of DES - differential and linear crypt analysis of DES - block cipher modes of
operations - triple DES.
UNIT 2:
IDEA encryption and decryption - strength of IDEA - confidentiality using conventional encryption -
traffic confidentiality - key distribution - random number generation - Introduction to graph - ring and
field - prime and relative prime numbers - modular arithmetic - Fermat’s and Euler’s theorem - primality
testing - Euclid’s Algorithm - Chinese Remainder theorem - discrete algorithms.
UNIT 3:
Principles of public key crypto systems - RSA algorithm - security of RSA - key management – Diffle-
Hellman key exchange algorithm - introductory idea of Elliptic curve cryptography - Elganel encryption -
Message Authentication and Hash Function: Authentication requirements - authentication functions -
message authentication code - hash functions - birthday attacks - security of hash functions and MACS.
UNIT 4:
MD5 message digest algorithm - Secure hash algorithm (SHA) Digital Signatures: Digital Signatures -
authentication protocols - digital signature standards (DSS) - proof of digital signature algorithm -
Authentication Applications: Kerberos and X.509 - directory authentication service - electronic mail
security-pretty good privacy (PGP) - S/MIME.
UNIT 5:
IP Security: Architecture - Authentication header - Encapsulating security payloads - combining security
associations - key management.
Web Security: Secure socket layer and transport layer security - secure electronic transaction (SET) -
System Security: Intruders - Viruses and related threads - firewall design principals - trusted systems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1.William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security: Principals and Practice”, Prentice Hall
2.Cryptography and Network Security: Atul Kahate, McGraw Hill
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Network Cryptography and Security: C K Shyamala, N Harini,Dr TR Padmanabhan.wiley india,1st
Edition .
2. Network Cryptography and Security: Forouzan Mukhopadhyay,Mc Graw Hill.2nd Edition.
3. Information Security, Principles and Practice: Mark Stamp. Wiley India

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
 Acquire an understanding of Network security and its changing character
 Understand Conventional encryption and cryptography
 Analyze issues related to network IP security
 Identify and investigate web security requirements
Know the concept of SNMP and design principles of firewall

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C
5 -/ - /- 4
CORE ELECTIVE – VI
(R15A0433) TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
OBJECTIVES:
The following are the course objectives:
 To learn Switching, Signaling and traffic in the context of Telecommunication network.
 To expose through the evolution of switching systems from manual and electromechanical
systems to stored-program-controlled digital systems
 To study signaling, packet switching and networks
UNIT - I:
Switching Systems: Evolution of Telecommunications; Basics of a switching systems; Function of a
switching system; Crossbar switching- Principal of crossbar switching; Crossbar switch configuration;
Cross-Point technology; Crossbar exchange Organization; A General Trunking; Electronic switching;
Digital switching systems.
Telecommunications Traffic: Introduction; The Unit Of Traffic; Congestion; Traffic Measurement; A
mathematical model ; Lost-call Systems-Theory; Traffic Performance; Loss systems in Tandem; Use of
Traffic tables; Queuing Systems-The Second Erlang Distributions; Probability of Delay; Finite Queue
Capacity; Some Other Useful Results; Systems with a Single Server; Queues in Tandem; Delay Tables;
Applications of Delay Formulae.
UNIT - II:
Switching Networks: Single Stage Networks; Grading-Principle Two Stage Networks; Three stage
networks; Four stage Networks
Time Division Switching: Basic Time Division Space Switching; Basic Time Division Time Switching; Time
Multiplexed Space Switching; Time Multiplexed Time Switching; Combination Switching; Three Stage
Combination Switching.
Control of Switching Systems: Call Processing Functions-Sequence of Operations; Signal Exchanges;
State Transition Diagrams; Common Control Reliability; Availability and Security; Stored Program
Control.
UNIT - III:
Signaling: Introduction; Customer Line Signaling; Audio Frequency Junctions and Trunk Circuits; FDM
Carrier Systems- Outband Signaling; Inband (VF) Signaling; PCM Signaling; Inter Register Signaling;
Common Channel Signaling Principles-General Signaling Networks; CCITT Signaling System Number 6;
CCITT Signaling System Number 7; The High Level Data Link Control Protocol; Signal Units; The Signaling
Information Field.
UNIT - IV:
Packet Switching: Introduction; Statistical Multiplexing; Local Area and Wide Area Networks-Bus
Networks; Ring Networks; Comparison of Bus and Ring Networks; Optical Fiber Networks; Large Scale
Networks-General; Datagrams and Virtual Circuits; Routing; Flow Control; Standards; Frame Relay;
Broadband Networks-General; The Asynchronous Transfer Mode; ATM Switches.
UNIT – V:
Networks: Introduction; Analog Networks; Integrated Digital Networks; Integrated Services Digital
Networks; Cellular Radio Networks; Intelligent networks; Private Networks; Charging; Routing – General,
Automatic Alternative Routing.

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

 B.Tech (ECE) R-15

TEXT BOOKS :
1. J. E Flood, “Telecommunications Switching and Traffic Networks”, Pearson Education, 2006
2. Tyagarajan Viswanathan, “Telecommunications Switching Systems and Networks”, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd., 2006

REFERENCE BOOKS:
7. John C Bellamy, “Digital Telephony”, John Wiley International Student Student Edition, 3rd Edition,
2000.
8. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking,” TMH, 2nd Edition, 2002.
9. Tomasi, “Introduction to Data Communication and Networking”, Pearson Education, 1st Edition,
2007

OUTCOMES:
On completion of this course, it is expected that the student will be able to:
1. Understand the main concepts of telecommunication network Design
2. Analyse and evaluate fundamental telecommuinication traffic models.
3. Understand basic modem signaling system.
4. Solve traditional interconnection switching system design problems.
5. Understand the concept of packet switching

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)