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Dpco Unit 3

The document covers fundamental concepts of digital principles and computer organization, focusing on sequential circuits, their classifications, and various types of flip-flops. It explains synchronous and asynchronous counters, race conditions, excitation tables, and shift registers, along with design tasks and examples. Additionally, it includes practical design exercises for synchronous counters and sequential circuits using different types of flip-flops.

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7 views5 pages

Dpco Unit 3

The document covers fundamental concepts of digital principles and computer organization, focusing on sequential circuits, their classifications, and various types of flip-flops. It explains synchronous and asynchronous counters, race conditions, excitation tables, and shift registers, along with design tasks and examples. Additionally, it includes practical design exercises for synchronous counters and sequential circuits using different types of flip-flops.

Uploaded by

viji
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

UNIT III

2 marks

1. What is sequential circuit?

In sequential circuits the output variables dependent not only on the present input
variables but they also depend up on the past history of these input variables.
2. List the classifications of sequential circuit.
i) Synchronous sequential circuit.
ii) Asynchronous sequential

circuit. 3.What is Synchronous


sequential circuit?
A Synchronous sequential circuit is a system whose behavior can be defined
from the knowledge of its signal at discrete instants of time.
4.What is a clocked sequential circuit?
Synchronous sequential circuit that use clock pulses in the inputs of memory
elements are called clocked sequential circuit. One advantage as that they don’t
cause instability problems.
5. What is called latch?
Latch is a simple memory element, which consists of a pair of logic gates
with their inputs and outputs inter connected in a feedback arrangement, which
permits a single bit to be stored.
6. List different types of flip-flops.
i RS flip-flop
ii D flip-flop
iii T flip-flop
iv JKflip-flop

7. What do you mean by triggering of flip-flop?


The state of a flip-flop is switched by a momentary change in the input
signal. This momentary change is called a trigger and the transition it causes is said
to trigger the flip-flop.
8. What is an excitation table?
During the design process we usually know the transition from present state
to next state and wish to find the flip-flop input conditions that will cause the
required transition. A table which lists the required inputs for a given chance of
state is called an excitation table.

9. Give the excitation table of SR-flip flop?


Present state Next state Flip-flop Inputs
Qn Qn+1 R S
0 0 X 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 X

10. Define race around condition.

In JK flip-flop output is fed back to the input. Therefore change in the output
results change in the input. Due to this in the positive half of the clock pulse if
both J and K are high then output toggles continuously. This condition is called
‘race around condition’.

11. What is counter?

A counter is used to count pulse and give the output in binary form.

12. What is synchronous counter?

In a synchronous counter, the clock pulse is applied simultaneously to all flip-


flops. The output of the flip-flops change state at the same instant. The speed of
operation is high compared to an asynchronous counter

13. What is Asynchronous counter?

In an Asynchronous counter, the clock pulse is applied to the first flip-flops. The
change of state in the output of this flip-flop serves as a clock pulse to the next
flip- flop and so on. Here all the flip-flops do not change state at the same instant
and hence speed is less.
14. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous

counter?

Synchronous counter:

Clock pulse is applied simultaneously Clock pulse is applied to the first flip-flop,
the change of output is given as clock to next flip-flop

Asynchronous counter:

Speed of operation is high Speed of operation is low.

15. Name the different types of counter.

a) Synchronous counter

b) Asynchronous counter

i) Up counter ii) Down counter iii) Modulo – N counter iv) Up/Down counter

16. What is Johnson counter?

It is a ring counter in which the inverted output is fed into the input. It is also
known as a twisted ring counter.

17. Define Flip flop.

The basic unit for storage is flip flop. A flip-flop maintains its output state either
at1 or 0 until directed by an input signal to change its state.

18. What is Shift Register?

A register capable of shifting its binary data in one or both directions is known as
a shift register. The logical design of a shift register includes a series of flip-flops,
with the output of one flip-flop linked to the input of the next flip-flop.
Types of Shift Register:

SISO (Serial Input Serial Output)

SIPO (Serial Input Parallel Output)


PISO( Parallel Input Serial Output)

PIPO (Parallel Input Parallel

Output)

Part B

1. Draw the logic circuits and the excitation tables for the T, JK, RS flip-flops.
2. Design a MOD-10/5 Synchronous counter using JK flip- flops. Write
execution table and statetable.
3. i)What is race around condition in J-Kflip flop? How it is eliminated?
ii)Why gated D latch is called transparent latch? Explain with the logic
diagram.
4. Explain what is universal shift register? Explain its working.
5. Implement T flipflop using D flipflop and JK flipflop using D flipflop.
6. i) A sequential circuit with two D flip-flops A and B, one input x and one output z
is specified by the following next-state and output equations: A(t+1)= A′+B,
B(t+1)=B′x, z=A+B′ (1) Draw the logic diagram of the circuit (2) Draw the state
table (3) Draw the state diagram of the circuit ii) Explain the difference between a
state table, characteristics table and excitation table.
7. Design three bit synchronous counter with T flip flop and draw the diagram.
8. Convert SR flip-flop to T flip-flop
9. Convert JK Flip Flop into D & T Flip Flop
10. Design a synchronous counter that counts the sequence
000,001,010,011,100,101,110,111,000 using D flipflop.
11. Design a binary counter using T flip flops to count in the following
sequences: (i) 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 111, 000 (ii) 000, 100,
111, 010, 011, 000
12. Design a sequential circuit using RS flip flop for the state table with minimum flip
flop.

Prese
nt Next Outpu t
Stat State
e
x=0 x=1 x= x=
0 1
A A B 0 0
B C D 0 0
C A D 0 0
D E F 0 1
E A F 0 1
F G F 0 1
G A F 0 1

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