AT302| - TT Agricuttural Sysam

FARMIN G
UNTTI - PRECISTON

ltral Management
Precison Agiutue and Agvicu
Agricu ture CPA) madon Jaming
Pre esion to monitoY and
-that
technolepy
Practica
tiald variability ogding
manage laval managemerl
optimina fild
* st ams to
Cvop taming
the
amout inpub
raduce
agricubture Cas

praciien gricu
-Tocaasod yLald
Crop gilds
the
Resousce Eff ieney - reduces to catt Savngs
ostilzars and pastides leading
bonefita
environmental
and

Enveonmartal impact - Minimi 2ed

* Raducad Pprolct natural
DVer opplicatien of chamicals kales
valuable
Providas
Data - Drwan dacisonu -
had enable battar detis ien mating r tagatd
intovontion
 ditfesenCe botwzan Corwastonal y precikon
tha appli cation of medsrn rfonaon

Aeclunelegias to Provda, procase and analya

multiscuYce data kigh spatal and bnporal
oxcleten fory dacison maring opevalion
mazing k oparalion in
Crop pduction
managemet
Componanti of pre ciien Agriatura
has throe Conponen
appropriate Soals
Ca) captue of data at an

C6) intarpretatien and

(b) analysis of data
Tmplamert atern of a managemat vaspoua
(c)
appropriate Seale and time
at an
mounageabla tactor ha
has tat oon
* Each pavticular
Seala of variabiliy
anagemant oof nvecta and
inecta wether
Anaa -wide manogem
Crop managmat decisiens
ane
Aore tastug tor
Vasiab les that managud att a

Seale than the nivduaL fald

other tat ters Cie sod tertlity pest irbtbtiors
Con at tha Subfial) avl and
Seasen
 to pevcaive parcon
Theefoe, it is important
important to
agiculEure n temd of tnar spocttal or temporal
nit decision main
Dinen con and chasactrstics of PA

tends to be olectronic, aLbomatad

* Data caglase
and valafwe y ineapenswe
* Deta caploe Can mor raguetty and in
one ddetaid
* Zotomtuen
Iofmatior eithax captuoed
Opevationd purchased enteonally can ba
Considared Saparata npt to tha Prooluctuon
Opovatuos
intopre tation and
Data
formal and oaytal
analysis Can be more

Sientific de cision rules are applicable to actual

dermirg opavatiena.
Zmpemantotion of the Can be mone
and spacitic
tiradly mone

x pexformance of altonatwe mgmt ys tans Can be

evaluatd
 mora to gufor
YHuman deisian main9
wshan
bias and mintorpretation
t) foedbale Coeps betwean the -tina

the dacision i mada and -the o tlane oCCuk

(-) Caelettect lineogus ane not Syle.

Gilebal Passto nirg systn
d a t satelotes amtting elactvonie
Signale -thae Can bo recaived by mobile tial
tnstrunanta Qonsitwe to -the transmitting

frequanyCanstellation of satellitaany Locaton

Wth a
eorth Can hane tous
tour or ere Salellitas n
Vieww for 24 hoe each day
assantial Feald component Hor mast
babed PA and othay maasronont
mappug that would ba tesed to
Biald chaatr btics
datemna product mas
a
Cennerslone of
of PA, Sgniticant
Cost effectueneas
bonetct tesmi ot effieieny
and
envisOnmautal sustainabiltty

* challag
Costitial iwastmant
techaalgy
and Comportble oqupmanct Can ba
 Famoe need to hae
2 Technical eneuldge -
o acquire the techniCad cnosladae to
wwe and terpet Gps data
effectwey Can be affottos
3
3 Signal Reliability - GPs
by tealn, weathey Condltionu cr cbetucfiou
by
potantially impating atluvaiy
Benafet of GPS

x Tncreasa d offiLianty - by eptiming the

input and machinary , brps halas in
opaxational casta and ineeasing
noducing
Produetwity
* Envbormandal SurtairabLlty - Precis on applicatio
nvron motal mpact by
of p'
minimiong -applicatton chamicalA and
tertiza9
x* Cnhancad Cvop yalda - be-ttax managemant of
to improve
laviabililby laading Crop
pexformanls and hiahex gald
Time Saw - aubomitad systay guidscd by G
Tecluce the time egured for vario ws
tasts
Greograplhi Dnformation Systm and hMappurg Softuane

a
that
capfus . sunas , arales
dt
and duplay gogrngli
fasmere endoretand their land
2n PA, it halps
be-ttar by mappia Var ioUs teatures
typas, Crop heatth and tpegraphy
Harmee to croate datailad mase o4
boundaros Sol Condion
-their
and
feald,
shewiag
* Famers Can
dd muttyla layes
top oy the base map Lueh moutuya lave
nutriet Conlart and past infastatons.
* Mapping o s a -Loot Lsed wthin GTS to
Cvete map: that epreserd tha dta co llecta
from the fiald These maps Vesual and
to tntarprat helpig tarmass to
Pattern and selofonshis in tha dat
of maps n tue
soil Maps
QYiald aps
3 prescrylioo maps
Impotance of GHTS and Mappng setfeae
precse dacison aboat
mating
Pre cisLon - helps in
-

Lohena to apply torte lizare, Saads and sate.

Raxoorce Managanent Ensua

ettilartly veducing wasta and cast

* Envsonmetal Protectn - mnimie

cohea noadad
inpat by apying p ony
* Tmprovad Yialds - laads to batter Crop mgmt and
highor yuld by add-eating specitc nads
ditfernt feld Zone

* Data Collectien - data collattad ig GPs,

gensoe and remste Seaing bchuolag
tares this data and
*Map Cmaction - Mappung-thatsl
CYaat Vsual farmars
maps
Plan their actwtis
tamex Use the mapl to decida
how muth tttilizer to appy chee to plart
Cetain Cvops, and how to manag ivstgallon
challunges for farmee cwho ana not amlor
+at can be chalergig
otth tachnolgy
R GTS and can ba axpan'e
rapug
mportat for macing goco maps
Poor daa Can Caad to poor dacision
 sed in PA to collact, Preleat
and
tochncly
data on Cvep yialda acro2

a tial
t helps tamexs undesstand
undersand how much Cop is
Produced in VaroUs parts 4alda, allawng
them to ba-t tuy docisSrs
mate
maragman
tay Coponenta
C) yald Houitor
(2) GP& Receiver
(a) ata straga and procasc ing
C Mapping softuae
coMeld
Oyald Mouiter -A dewtle
davtce nstalled on har Vestng
equipmant uch Cornbino harvestar,that
measUTs the amout of op be|ng harvestd
As the harvester
treugh -tha
tha tiald,
the yeld montor Coutin rocord data
on the quantt .f tha Crop harvestad.
Poceiver - A devce that -trales the
eDact Cocaten of -the harveste
Satetlite Stanals he Bps
recaivey
Provda precise Cocation data which Combiad
wwtth ha giald data to show he in the
cwas harvasto
 (a) nata stoage and Predaasing -A sysam that store
and Locaation data collactad durirg
the yald The data Savad on a
hanerting Card Coput, whare be
memoy
PrpCaasad to Cmeat a yild map
Sottane that takes -tha
Software -
C)stene
Mappugata and a vesual map houwlrg
variatisns acsoe tha fald ha
the
t n
sw analyzas the data and diplays
for asmere
color- codad maps maig t aay
of -the tiel aYe
to Seo ushich areas

betts
posfor ming
Bonefota

ndentrty ligh and low yald

vesal fld managemañl
* Tmprove petomance
pefomanle oveY tim.
and compare
Compaa
* Trace

challanggs
* Cast- Setup espansiwe
r gata Manageme
a o u t of data
Haragig ard intopatg g
Can be

data Can lad to po

Acuvay - Jna cérate
docisLon maing
Crop Producton Medeling

wsig macthamortcal and cenput banad

toola too Simulat and praclict tha grourth
ot rpc unoor Var iDUA
davelpmart and
Conditenu
to aCCout tactor aro
These medels tate
weather, sotl charactrtics and famig
tomad
Practics to halp fasmeYe
deciio
Key Componancti
* Tnput Data :
I Weathe data - Temparatue, raintoll, Sunligkt
and climáte tactos that inflence Crop gouth.
2 Sotl dta - itormatun nsoiltype, moiture
levels, utiant availabiby
availabiiby and PH ohich
affet how wal cvops groo
3. Cxop data - Details about ha gpa. cific crop
baing modalad. incluing gouth stagas,
water naads and netvtat raauiremana
HManagmard Practtees - Data on farming
technig uas ae plartg dats, irr
Bestinaton and past cortso| ivigtion,
 Procass
Molalig Grroth Simulation - The mmcdel simlatas -the
hoes t ntra Ct
Cvops gorth OveY tone, Cons idaring
envionmat,
with the
Pyeslicton - The moal astemates how muct
2 yiald
simnalafo
Csop will be Preduced basad on tho
Jrousth thu halpe tar mes antreipat -ther
harvet.
armere Can ue tha mode
Analysia SLanar iat
-
to try put ditfee Ci changing
iigotton schadL plartng dats ,to sea
hou' -thesa chang iglt npat
* Tpes o Crop modea
1: Enpisi cal Noels - These are baad on statstic
olctionshipo botuaon obsavad Crop yalds and
factens ce wethay and ooil condton
are Simpler bect
Lntera tion
may hot Ceot for Complex thay
2 Porocas based Modlel Simulata -tha bielgical
n detal ,constdaring
how the plart tntat
momo accuxate but
Complax
3De cesion - Thase
Combina CYop
thox boo
models with othor to pro vade pra ctical
elemmeadatena for fom managemanl dacisLons
Berefit
Improvad datision matirg
2 ResOuTceca optimination
3 Rist Hanagement
4 Enhancad sulainability
S Economic benefe

challngs
I Data raauibemanta
Cempleity
3 calibraton Kvalidatson
4 Technclegical barraxt
Applieeztors:
Precinion Agricutture
3 climata change Adaptctin.
3 Resaarch and davalopmant

Gtround Base Sensone

provioing beal
eAfartial Componant of
od PA
tùme data about Sol Condliton, Crop hoabth and
enveronmetal factors.
lensot
tly
ave plated darecty in tha tald and
These
locaized intormator that halas famaxs
gather
 mala tosmed docision abeut
about plartung igt
fontilinatun and pest mgrnt

* Soil Mosture Sensors

amount of wates tha
Puspose - - Neasure tha
farmas doterine cwhan and hoy
so, helpg
mach to irigae
Copaitance Sensors
Tarsionotors

Beneti o - pre ven ta over or ndar watig

optimies cwater wse
improves erop yald and gwality by
aintaining optimal sol moisture aves
Sol Tampevature Sensos
monitortha tamperatue of tha Sol,
puspase
Lolich affecta sead gorminaton , root daalepmait
and mioroblal actwity
Benetita - Holps
Halps dutominira
in the best plantg
Ads n frost YA and haat sbe
mangig
providos data for djustig gaton
Practees based or -temperafure alatad
Lwator ncede
Ntret Sonsos
- Mocbure -tha lavals ot tay triatts inn
Puspose
the od, gucth as nitrogen , phasphoruu r polasf um .
Types-Elactrechamieal
optical
toytilizors,
Banafits - helas in procia applicetion ot
raducing waste and enviromartal

ensure that Crops YOceive tho

amout ot trenta at -tha

tine

-Support Swtainabla fosming practics by

Prevertg netrat en of.
PH Sensor

Puspase we tha adity of tha soil, which

affects nurient availabilit and microbial
attunty
Bonetit- Acst n Sol amenmant decisions Such
appliation ot lime or Sulfur
Ensunes optimal sol conditinu for
Specifie crops
- Halps in
masvainin9 soul hatth ove
tune
Crop Canopy Sansors
puxposo -measeno -tha rofloctanc of from
the oop Canopy toto aASesg plart haatth and Vigor

NDVI

chlorophyll Netos
Benefib- provolas eosly datcton of op
strass Such as nuctria daficieny o
disease
Greides vaviabo ate aspli cstion of
ferrteayl and pesticidas
-Enhances Cxop menagemant by provdig
det aulad Yaal tna data en plat
grewth
Environ mental Sensore

moriter va
Varios enresomental tactors Such a
puxpaso
tampesate, humidity and
Tempavatore

Banaib - helhs in optimizing greanhcue and opan.

teld enwlonmarts

- A.gssta in the anagemant of

Sthedes baed on avapotranpivatton vaas
Suppor ta climata Control in protactaJ
enVyonmarta lika greon housea
 Applacators
-lansoYs Provila actuvate tol
Preciaien iigaten
motra data enabling fasmar appy oater
enly ohen needed and
Coyret
oprovg cvep haath
ameunt
sduig
toate tuaste

2 Nelviardt Managaman - halp in the precisa applu catn

tha pre
ersusingthat
of fentizer, enssing Cropg
receiva -tho

necaalery lint bocthot Over - applicten.

3- Disease r past manageman -can dotct
disasa er pest in fastaton r allewng tor
intarvations
timaly ond targetd
4 Caep menitorig -provides insght ito plant grcuwk,
helping tarmere are decislonu about thining
pruncng harvert tzming
5 tlimate Contsol in GrreanhouLAQA - mantaining optimal
grawing Conditiers in graonhous as
Banatla
Tncooasod efficianey 2Improved CroPyaldx Quality
Swtainability 4 Cast eavings S Data Drhan decis
challengs 3 Naintanance

3nbagratu Loth othax Syslas

 * These data, n ton an ba. data
ba copaved otth Pradittin
hom prevou yaas and may ba halptud in, Crope U
gld
Key Aspecta
Types of Yamote Sonsing
* Satellit based * Aerial basad * Grsourd basa
2 Typas of data colleetad
* Nuttupa ctv al Zmang *Thasmal Imagig
* LIDAR
(liglt zabucten Ranging) * RADAR
k

3 Appliations
*crop haath monitorng * Sol Analyss
x yield Prediction * Weed and Pest
* Envvon mantal nouitoring
Mgmt

* large seala meniborng

* Non luswe Data collecfien
* Roal Teme data

challges
*Data Proceaung * Resoltion Limitatio
Depandaney * Cast and Acceasbiliby
Renmale Basad Saraing
* Romnóle Sening - he acquistien of ifosmation from
remote location 9uch arplana CY Salellzte
important Sourco of data for PA

Could provde Jorms of os mátiorn

both
spetialy and tamporally
+ Houever, mprovents
Product and
are neoled the
aralgtal
meo tta Promue tor PA
a Valuable Joure ot intormteon for
Crop maaagemant
A
Saquenla of remetaly sonsad nagas
Can poVda infosmatien abort Crp rouwth and
the Spatal variation wthin fialda
shes spactal and Spoctral
Remotaly toned images ohos
Variaten res utfing trom sal and crop Charattoith u
* These mages show the otato Or Coroliton of talds
ohen the images acqured
One of the mast wsoful aspecta os emote

abulity -to genesat imag tha spatal

Variaten in tald and cuHeral
factor.
during a
* Images acquired at ditterent times
leas on Can be uwed to detsmine changes Such as
growth ates and conditon