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Week-1 Module-2 Essential Components of GIS

The document outlines the essential components of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which include hardware, software, data, people, and methods. It emphasizes the importance of each component in the effective operation and application of GIS technology. Additionally, it discusses how geographic data is organized into thematic layers for analysis and visualization.

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Bohar singh Brar Brar
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31 views12 pages

Week-1 Module-2 Essential Components of GIS

The document outlines the essential components of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which include hardware, software, data, people, and methods. It emphasizes the importance of each component in the effective operation and application of GIS technology. Additionally, it discusses how geographic data is organized into thematic layers for analysis and visualization.

Uploaded by

Bohar singh Brar Brar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geographic Information Systems

Essential components of GIS


Dr. Arun K. Saraf,
Professor
Department of Earth Sciences

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https://gisgeography.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/GIS-Layers.png

into layers
Spatial data are organized
Overview of GIS

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Components of a GIS

https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/insider/fifth-part-of-gi/
Components of a GIS
1. Hardware
Hardware is the computer on which a GIS operates.
Today, GIS software runs on a wide range of hardware types,
from centralized computer servers to desktop computers to
smart mobiles including smart watches used in stand-alone or
networked configurations.

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2. Software
GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store,
analyze, and display geographic information
Key software components are:
Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information
A database management system (DBMS)
Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization
A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools

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3. Data
Possibly the most important component of a GIS is the data
• Geographic data and related tabular data can be collected in-
house or purchased from a commercial data provider.
• A GIS will integrate spatial data with other data resources
and can even use a DBMS, used by most organizations to
organize and maintain their data, to manage spatial data.

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4. People
• GIS technology is limited without the people who manage the
system and develop plans for applying it to real-world problems.
• GIS users range from technical specialists who design and
maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform
their everyday work.
• Hardware and software have seen tremendous development
which made people easy to run the GIS software.
• The people are main component for the successful GIS.

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5. Methods
• A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed plan and
business rules, which are the models and operating practices
unique to each organization.
• Any organization has documented their process plan for GIS
operation.
• These document address number question about the GIS methods:
number of GIS expert required, GIS software and hardware,
process to store the data, what type of DBMS and more.
• Well designed plan will address all these question.

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GIS Thematic Layers and Data Sets
GIS organizes geographic data into a series of
thematic layers and tables
Data in a GIS are referenced to geography, they
have real-world locations and could overlay one
another

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Geospatial data
• Two main components:

– Spatial component: Where is it?

– Non-spatial (thematic) component: What is it?

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Representing Spatial Elements

• RASTER

• VECTOR

• Real World

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THANKS

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