10 Hardware Examples

Hardware is all the physical parts that make up a computer. It is made up of iron,
cables, circuits, boxes, peripheral equipment and, in general, all the electrical,
electronic, or mechanical elements that a computer needs to function.

1. The Hard Drive (Mixed)

Data storage element in magnetic or optical form,

consisting of a thin circular sheet. 1 hard drive A disk with
a large capacity for storing computer data that is
permanently inserted into the computer's central
processing unit.

2. RAM (Storage)

The computer's main memory, where programs and data reside, and on which
reading and writing operations can be performed.

3. The Central Processor CPU (Processing)

The central processing unit (CPU) or processor is the hardware inside a computer,
smartphone, and other programmable devices.

Its job is to interpret the instructions of a computer program by performing basic

arithmetic, logical and external operations (coming from the input/output unit). Its
design and development have changed significantly since its creation, increasing
its efficiency and power, and reducing aspects such as energy consumption and
cost.

A computer can contain more than one CPU (multiprocessing). Currently,

microprocessors consist of a single integrated circuit (chip), although multi-core
processors exist (several CPUs on a single integrated circuit). An integrated circuit
containing a CPU may also contain peripheral devices, and other components of a
computer system; similar to a microcontroller (less RAM-intensive) it is called a
system on a chip (SoC).

The components of the CPU are:

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU): performs arithmetic and logical operations.

Control Unit (CU): directs the information traffic between the CPU registers and
connects the instructions extracted from memory with the ALU.

Internal registers: non-accessible (instruction, data bus and address bus) and
accessible for specific use (program counter, stack pointer, accumulator, flags,
etc.) or for general use.

4. The motherboard
The motherboard is a printed circuit board that allows the integration of all the
components of a computer. For this, it has basic software known as BIOS, which
allows it to perform its functions.

A motherboard is a printed circuit board, with some integrated components and to

which the essential components of a computer are connected. It is, therefore, a
fundamental element in the design of computing devices.

5. The cabinet where the circuits are located

A PC case is a piece whose construction uses materials such as plastic and metals
such as aluminum and steel, and it is basically a box prepared to place all the
components that make up a PC inside, that is, hard drives, optical drives,
motherboards, processors, memories, video and audio cards, and so on. Computer
cabinets differ from each other in size and the type of service for which the PC will
be used.

That is to say, a case

for an office PC is not
the same as a case for
a gaming computer or a
computer that requires
large components such
as high-Gb video cards.
RAM or lots of storage
capacity\

6. The monitor (Output)

The monitor or screen is the device responsible for displaying images on the PC.
Your choice is very important as it must display your programs correctly while
keeping your brain and eyesight rested.

The history of PC monitors has always been very similar to that of graphics cards.
At first these could only work with text and it was not until several years later when,
thanks to CGA cards, they were able to work with four colours. Later, the display
went to 16, then 256, and then 65,536 colors, until today, when any monitor can
easily display around 17 million different colors.

7. The keyboard (Input)

The keyboard is a hardware component, which is used to enter data into the
computer. The CPU processes the information that enters the computer. The
monitor and speakers allow information to be output. For the hardware to
function properly, all
devices must be
connected.

8. The mouse (Entry)

The mouse (in English pronounced /maʊs/) is a pointing device used to facilitate
the handling of a graphical environment on a computer. It is generally made of
plastic, and is used with one hand. It detects its relative movement in two
dimensions on the flat surface on which it rests, usually reflected through a pointer,
cursor or arrow on the monitor.
The mouse can be connected wired (PS/2 and USB ports), or wirelessly through a
USB adapter that connects to the computer and receives the signal from the
mouse, although they can also be connected via Bluetooth or infrared connectivity.
It is an essential input peripheral on a desktop computer for most people, and
despite the appearance of other technologies with a similar function, such as the
touch screen, practice still proves its useful life.

9. The printer (Output)

A printer is a peripheral output device of the computer that allows the

production of a permanent range of texts or graphics from documents stored in
an electronic format, printing them on physical media, usually on paper, using
ink cartridges or laser technology (with toner).
 10. The barcode reader (Entry)

The barcode reader or scanner is an electronic device that uses a built-in laser to
read a barcode and emit the
information (the number) that the
code represents, not the image.

10 Software Examples

Software refers to the equipment or logical and intangible part that computer
systems possess. Software is what enables a computer to perform tasks and
control physical devices or hardware. For example, consulting the contact list on
your smartphone is done through software.
Simply put, software is the programs (Word, Excel, Photoshop, Paint, etc.) that are
loaded onto a computer or other modern technological device to perform various
tasks and functions. Also part of it are all the documents and diagrams they used
to design and build it.

1. operating system software:

Operating system.- This is the software that is responsible for coordinating the
various resources of the device (hardware), so that other applications can use the
resources (memory, processor, hard drive, etc.). It is also the interface with which
the user can interact with the various components of the computer and with other
programs.

1. MS-DOS
2. Unix
3. Linux
4. Mac Os
5. Windows 3.1
6. Windows 95
7. Windows 2000
8. Windows Millennium
9. Windows XP
10. Windows 7 Ultimate

2. word processor type software:

Word processors.- These are programs and applications designed to create

(write), modify, copy and save text documents.

Examples of word processors are:

  Blog of notes
 Wordpad
 Microsoft Word
 OpenOffice Writer
 Google Docs Processor
 Works
 Abi Word
 Emacs
 Abiword
 KWord

3. software for viewing and editing images:

Image editors - These are applications specially designed so that the user can
create and manage images, being able to modify them as they wish thanks to the
various tools available for this purpose.
 Photoshop
 Paint
 Paint Shop Pro
 Corel draw
 Flphoto
 Mirage
 Gimp
 Canva
 PaintStar
 Serif Photo Plus Starter Edition
 4. accounting software:
Accounting.- These are programs and tools designed for the management of
accounting, statistical and mathematical data, such as the various spreadsheets,
which have various tools for creating documents, modifying, saving and copying
various accounting files, such as tables, graphs and databases, among other
things that are usually handled in these programs.
 Microsoft Excel.
 OpenOffice Calc
 Mariner Calc
 Papyrus Office
 NeoOffice Calc
 Gnumeric
 MacroCALC
 Libre office
 Apache Open Office
 ThinkFree Calc

5. communication software:
Communication.- These are programs that allow the interaction of a computer or
other technological implement with other devices, and that allow the computer to
communicate, for example through wireless networks with other devices, as well as
those focused on improving the internal communication of the computer's own
internal and peripheral devices, such as drivers for printers and other devices.
Other communication programs are those that allow the user to communicate with
other users.
 Skype,
 Google talk
  OoVoo,
 MeetingBurner
 WebEx
 Huddle
 Fuze Meeting
 TinyChat
 gs
 VoipBuster

6. repair and protection software:

Protection and repair - These are designed to protect the computer, such as
antivirus, anti-spiwers and programs for diagnosing logical or hardware problems
on the computer.
 McAfee anti-virus
 CCleaner
 PC Wizard
 Smart Defrag
 BootMed
  Kaspersky Anti-Virus
 AVG Free
 Panda Antivirus
 Microsoft Security Essentials
 PC Tool Internet Security

7. audio software:

To decode audio.- These are programs specialized in creating, modifying or

listening to audio (usually music).
 Adobe editor
 Winamp
 Audacity
 Ocean Audio
  Wavosaur
 Nero Wave Editor
 Rose Garden
 Ardor
 FileLab Audio Editor
 Power Sound Editor

8. software for viewing and editing video:

For video decoding - These are designed to create, modify or view video (and
audio).
 Windows Movie Maker
 VirtualDub
 Avidemux
 Movica
 Cinefx Jahshaka
 ZS4 Video Editor
 Total Video converter
  GOM Player
 VLC Player Format Factory
 Freemake Video Converter

9. malware (virus):
Malicious.- These are programs designed to cause logical problems in the
computer system, as well as to spy on, copy, or place information without the
authorization of the hardware user.
 Elk cloner
 Jerusalem family
 Pakistani brain
 Michelangelo
 Melissa
 Code red
 Kournikova
 My doom
 Conficker virus
 Stuxnet