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Automatic Shuttling

This project demonstrates an automated metro train system that utilizes RFID technology for automatic stopping at stations, door operations, and passenger counting. It integrates various components including a microcontroller, GSM, and fire sensors, and sends real-time data to authorized personnel via an Android app. The proposed system aims to reduce manual intervention and improve efficiency compared to existing manual systems.

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Saurabh Singh
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8 views9 pages

Automatic Shuttling

This project demonstrates an automated metro train system that utilizes RFID technology for automatic stopping at stations, door operations, and passenger counting. It integrates various components including a microcontroller, GSM, and fire sensors, and sends real-time data to authorized personnel via an Android app. The proposed system aims to reduce manual intervention and improve efficiency compared to existing manual systems.

Uploaded by

Saurabh Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Shuttling of Metro Train between Stations

Abstract:
The main aim of this project is to illustrate the technology used in metro
train movements which are used in most of the developed countries. This train
is equipped with a controller that enables the automatic stopping of the train
from station to station. This system opens the door automatically when the train
reaches the station and closes the door when trail left the station. This system
also sends the information like at what time and date the train is reached
particular station and number of people entered to the train at particular station
to authorized person.

Introduction:

Modern technologies are being integrated in almost all aspects of our life
including transportation, where a lot of advancement has been made. Railroad
transport, for instance, has undergone a huge transformation, starting with the
early steam operated engines to the most recent bullet train. Many developments
in railroad transport has utilized the existing infrastructure, where the existing
metro system is being modernized and equipped with automatic train control
and safety system in order to make them more efficient.

This project is designed to demonstrate the technology used in train


movement which are used in most of the developed countries. This train is
equipped with a controller that enables the automatic stopping of the train from
station to station.
Block Diagram:
Fire
LCD Sensor
RFID
Reader
Renesas
L293D 4 wheel
IR Rx R5F100LE
Driver Robot
IR Rx

IR Tx GSM L293D DC Motor


IR Tx Driver -Door

Android
App

Station1 Station2 Station3

Description:

Many embedded systems have substantially different designs


according to their functions and utilities. In this project design, structured
modular design concept is adopted and the system is mainly composed of a
single microcontroller, LCD, GSM, RFID Reader, Fire sensor.
The microcontroller located at the centre of the block diagram forms the
control unit of the entire project. Embedded within the microcontroller is a
program that helps the microcontroller to take action based on the inputs
provided.
In every station RFID tag will be placed. Whenever the train arrives at the
station it stops automatically, as sensed by an RFID Reader. Then the door is
opens automatically so that the passengers can go inside the train. The door then
closes after a prescribed time set in the controller by the program. It is also
equipped with a passenger counting section, which counts the number of
passengers leaving and entering the train. IR Transmitter and Receiver are used
for passenger counting purpose. The door closes when it reaches maximum
occupancy level irrespective of time allotted for the door to remain open. The
passenger counts are displayed on a seven segment display interfaced to the
microcontroller.

This system also sends the information like at what time and date the
train is reached particular station and number of people entered to the train at
particular station to authorized department through GSM. An android app is
provided with database to store this information. The fire sensor detect the fire
caught in train and send signal to microcontroller, then message will sent to
authorized person and voice output will produced using android app.

Components List:

 Microcontroller(Renesas – 64pin)

 GSM

 LCD

 Fire Sensor

 Dc Motor

 Motor Driver (L293d)

 Infrared Sensor

 Four Wheel Robot


Software’s used:

 Cube Site + IDE

 Renesas Flash Programmer

 Embedded C

 Android.

Literature survey:

Many developments in railroad transport has utilized the existing


infrastructure, where the existing metro system is being modernized and
equipped with automatic train control and safety system in order to make them
more efficient. Driverless automated concepts have been adopted, and the first
recorded implementation was the London underground Victoria line, opened in
1967. Many other rail lines are then automated with the aim of reducing
operational costs and improving the frequency of service. In automated train
control (ATC) systems, different grades of automation (GoA) have been
incorporated. The grades of automation (GoA2, GoA3, GoA4) are
corresponding to Semi-automated Train Operation (STO), Driverless Train
Operation (DTO), and Unmanned Train Operation (UTO) respectively. In fact
any new metro system constructed and implemented today integrates at least
some level of automation reaching out to new fully driverless technologies.

There has been a continuous research intended to enhance the overall


automation system functions and performance of the trains. In Han et al present
the development of Korean standards of an on board train automatic control and
show results of running test on a Korean train line. Jun et al in, suggest a
development strategy of a multi-train operation simulator to support R&D
works for future railway system, where a computer-based simulation models of
train, station, rail and railway operation system as an agent is designed.
Regarding the Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC), Georgescu,
proposes a systematic approach that may be used to determine the most efficient
way to fulfill the requirements specific to each customer faced with driverless
operation. Georgescu’s paper also defines required functionality to obtain the
desired performance and cost, as well as issues related to the operability,
maintainability, and availability of different types of driverless CBTC systems
implementations. In the paper of H. Yun and K. Lee, a data transmission
technology that is capable of calculating the required frequency bandwidth,
having the transmission capacity of the communication-based train control
system, and that also uses the wireless mesh network, is proposed.

Features:

 RFID reader is sensed by RFID TAG placed at station to stop the train.
 IR transmitter and receiver is used for passenger counting purpose.
 GSM is used to send information about date , time ,station and no of
passengers to authorized person.

 Fire sensor detects fire caught in train and sends message to authorized
person.

 ANDROID APP maintains all information in data base.


Problem Definition (Exiting System):

The existing system involves stopping of train manually in a particular station


while the proposed one is an automated system with very limited human
intervention.

Few disadvantages of the existing system are:

 Constant human intervention.

 More Manpower is required.

Proposed System:

This project is proposed to overcome all the disadvantages of existing system,


by using RF Id reader and RF I tags. The proposed system uses relatively less
expensive Tags which reduces the cost parameter of the system.

Methodology:

Block
Diagram

Hardware
testing as per
project

Test Code
preparation for
Peripherals

Logic
Development
as per project

Final Testing of
the project as
per Conditions
Architectural Diagram or System Architecture:

R5F100LEA microcontroller from Renesas RL78 series which is a 16-bit


microcontroller is used to implement this project. Microcontroller acts as the
heart of this project, which controls the whole system. It contains of Flash ROM
64KB, RAM 4KB and Data Flash 4KB, and it has High speed on-chip
oscillator, Self-reprogrammable under software control, 58 GPIO’s, 3 UART’s,
Simplified I2C, 10 bit resolution ADC, 28 Interrupt Sources, ISP programming
support etc.

Demo Points:

 A prototype module will be developed for the project. It includes


individual PCB boards for all interfaces according to the block diagram.
Every PCB will be inter-connected with jumper wires.

 LCD is considered to show all the operations of microcontroller.

 Four-wheel robot is considered as metro train.

 Dc motor is to show the door opening and closing of metro train.

 GSM is used to inform the specific authority about train and no of


peoples entered the train.

 RF id is used to read the tags information of the each train to stop at


specific stations.

 Fire sensor is used for fire detection.


Applications:

 This project can be implemented on metro trains.

Advantages:

 Manual operation has been reduced to major extent.

 Less man power required.

 Efficient distribution system.


 Efficient and reliable.
 My main motive is to eliminate the paper based records using smart
phone

Disadvantages:

 Failure of RF id reader may leads to major problems like accidents.


 Expensive.

Future Scope:

For project demo concern, we have developed a prototype module. In


future, this project can be taken to the product level. To make this project as
user friendly and durable, we need to make it compact and cost effective. Going
further, most of the units can be embedded along with the controller on a single
board with change in technology, thereby reducing the size of the system.
Conclusion:

The project is designed using structured modeling and is able to provide the
desired results. It can be successfully implemented as a Real Time system with
certain modifications.
Science is discovering or creating major breakthrough in various fields, and
hence technology keeps changing from time to time. Going further, most of the
units can be fabricated on a single along with microcontroller thus making the
system compact thereby making the existing system more effective. To make
the system applicable for real time purposes components with greater range
needs to be implemented.

References:

[1] V.Sridhar “Automated System Design for Metro Train”, International


Journal of Computer Science Engineering
(IJCSE).
[2] Automated Metro – Ensuring Safety and Reliability with Minimum Human
Intervention: Yap KweeSeng, Ng Hon Wai, Dr Samuel Chan, Leong Kwok
Weng Systems Assurance & Integration Division Engineering Group Land
Transport Authority, Singapore.
[3] Mohan, Dinesh, “Mythologies, Metro Rail System and Future Urban
Transport,” in Proc. Economic & Political Weekly, Jan. 2007, pp. 41-53.
[4] PIC Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C for
PIC18 by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay, Danny Causey.
[5] Steven.F.Barrett, Daniel Pack, Mitchell Thornton, “Atmel AVR
Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing,” in Proc. Synthesis
Lectures on Digital Circuits and Systems, vol 7, IJOART no. 2, Jun. 2012, pp.
167-243

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