Scribd
Upload
12 views5 pages

Introduction To LDR Final Complete

A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a passive electronic component that alters its resistance based on light intensity, commonly used in automatic light detection applications such as streetlights and alarm systems. The document outlines various analog and digital applications of LDRs, including their role in smart home systems and digital cameras. Additionally, it discusses the aim of studying current variation in circuits with LDRs and the underlying theory of their operation, including characteristics and sensitivity.

Uploaded by

utkarsh5150
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views5 pages

Introduction To LDR Final Complete

A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a passive electronic component that alters its resistance based on light intensity, commonly used in automatic light detection applications such as streetlights and alarm systems. The document outlines various analog and digital applications of LDRs, including their role in smart home systems and digital cameras. Additionally, it discusses the aim of studying current variation in circuits with LDRs and the underlying theory of their operation, including characteristics and sensitivity.

Uploaded by

utkarsh5150
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Introduction to LDR

A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), also known as a photoresistor, is a passive


electronic component that changes its resistance based on the intensity of light
falling on it. LDRs are made of materials like cadmium sulfide, which have the
property of reducing resistance as the light intensity increases. In darkness or low
light, the resistance of an LDR is high, but in bright light, the resistance drops
significantly.

LDRs are commonly used in circuits where automatic light detection is required. For
example, streetlights use LDRs to automatically switch on at night and off during the
day. They are also found in light meters, alarm systems, and various electronic
devices that require light-sensitive operations.

LDRs are simple and inexpensive components that play a vital role in automation
and control systems. Their working principle is based on the photoelectric effect,
where light energy is converted into electrical energy, affecting the conductivity of
the material.
Applications of LDR
Analog Applications
1. Streetlights: Automatically turn streetlights on and off based on light intensity.
2. Garden Lights: Control outdoor garden lights that turn on at night.
3. Light Meters: Measure light intensity in photography and environmental studies.
4. Burglar Alarms: Detect light changes to trigger security alarms.
5. Automatic Garage Door Systems: Use LDRs to detect vehicle presence.
6. Solar Tracking Systems: Adjust solar panels to maximize light exposure.
7. Traffic Signals: Control traffic lights based on ambient lighting conditions.

Digital Applications
1. Smartphone Brightness Control: Adjust screen brightness automatically.
2. Smart Home Systems: Control lights and appliances based on room brightness.
3. Robots: Use LDRs for obstacle detection in autonomous robots.
4. Digital Cameras: Adjust exposure settings automatically.
5. Light-Controlled Music Systems: Change music effects based on light intensity.
6. Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: Use LDRs in smart devices for energy efficiency.
7. Home Automation: Integrate LDRs to automate curtains and blinds.
8. Digital Clocks: Adjust display brightness based on ambient light.
AIM AND APPARATUS
Aim:
To study the variation in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR, due to the
following variations:
(i) In the power of the incandescent lamp used to illuminate the LDR (keeping all the
lamps at a fixed distance).
(ii) In the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to illuminate the
LDR.

Apparatus:
1. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
2. Connecting wires
3. Source of different power rating (bulbs)
4. Bulb holder
5. Meter scale
6. Multimeter
7. Battery
THEORY
1.) LDR AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
When light is incident on the LDR, a photon is absorbed, which excites an electron
from the valence band into the conduction band. As a result of the new electrons in
the conduction band, the electrical resistance of the LDR decreases. Therefore, the
LDR, or photoconductive transducer, has resistance that is inversely proportional to
the radiation intensity.

The equation for LDR characteristic is:

λ = h * c / (e * Ew)

λ= threshold wavelength, in metres

e=charge on one electron, in coulombs

Ew=work function of the metal used in eV

Note:

Radiation with wavelength greater than the value obtained in above equation
cannot produce any change in the resistance of this device.

2.) Characteristics of photoconductive cell

When the device is kept in darkness, its resistance is called as dark resistance. This
resistance is typically of the order of 10 13 Ω. When light falls on it it's resistance
decreases up to several kilo Ω.
3.) Sensitivity

The sensitivity of a photo detector is the relationship between the light falling on the
device and the resulting output signal. In the case of a photo cell, one is dealing with
the relationship between the incident light and the corresponding resistance of the
cell.

You might also like