Scribd
Upload
7 views24 pages

Serial Communication

The document discusses various aspects of industrial data communication, focusing on serial communication protocols such as RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485. It outlines the differences between these protocols, including their operational modes, maximum cable lengths, and the number of devices that can be connected. Additionally, it highlights the importance of asynchronous communication and the role of field buses in industrial settings.

Uploaded by

Kenny Gava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views24 pages

Serial Communication

The document discusses various aspects of industrial data communication, focusing on serial communication protocols such as RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485. It outlines the differences between these protocols, including their operational modes, maximum cable lengths, and the number of devices that can be connected. Additionally, it highlights the importance of asynchronous communication and the role of field buses in industrial settings.

Uploaded by

Kenny Gava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Industrial Data

Communication

Serial Communication
Data communication
• Data communication involves the transfer of
information from one point to another. WiFi,
LAN/WAN, fiber/copper /radio/microwave links.
• Digital data is sometimes transferred using a
system that is primarily designed for analog
communication ie A modem.
• Communication can be serial or in parallel.
Classic Communication Vs Networking
marshalling tray
I/O dumb devices
bar capacity

PLC

Intelligent devices
COM

PLC
field bus

but: the number of end-points remains the same !


energy must be supplied to smart devices
Marshalling

The marshaling is the


interface between the
PLC and the
instrumentation.

The field-bus replaces


the marshaling bar
Geographical extension of industrial plants
The field bus requirements follow the physical extension of the
plant:
1 km .. 1000 km Transmission & Distribution
Control and supervision of large distribution networks:
• water - gas - oil - electricity - ...
1 km .. 5 km Power Generation
Out of primary energy sources:
• waterfalls - coal - gas - oil - nuclear - solar - ...
50 m .. 3 km Industrial Plants
Manufacturing and transformation plants:
• cement works - steel works - food silos - printing - paper
pulp processing - glass plants - harbors - ...
500m .. 2 km Building Automation
• energy - air conditioning - fire - intrusion - repair - ...
1 m .. 1 km Manufacturing
flexible manufacturing cells - robots
1 m .. 800 m Vehicles
• locomotives - trains - streetcars - trolley buses - vans -
buses - cars - airplanes - spacecraft - ...
RS-232 Communication
• Data Communication Equipment DCE transmits or
receives analogue or digital signals through a network.
• DCE works at the physical layer of the OSI model
taking data generated by Data Terminal Equipment
(DTE)
• DCE example is a modem can work as a translator of
digital and analogue signals.
RS-232 interface standard

• The RS-232 standard consists of three


major parts, which define:
– Electrical signal characteristics
– Mechanical characteristics of the interface
– Functional description of the interchange
circuits
So What is RS-232?
• RS-232 is a standard by which two serial
devices communicate:
– The connection must be no longer than 50
feet.
– Transmission voltages are –15V and +15V.
– It is designed around transmission of
characters (of 7 bits of length = ASCII code).
USASCII Code Chart
RS-232 (…cont’d)
• One important aspect of RS-232 is that it is an
asynchronous form of communication.
• Asynchronous communication is important
because it is efficient;
• if no data needs to be sent, the connection is
“idle.” No additional CPU overhead is required
for an idle serial line.
Logical Voltages
• RS-232 is a little non-intuitive at first
• Logical 1 is –15VDC
• Logical 0 is +15VDC
• When the connection is idle, the hardware ties
the connection to logical 1
• RS-232 communication is dependent on a set
timing speed at which both pieces of hardware
communicate. RS-232 also specifies the use of
“start” and “stop” bits
RS-232 PROTOCOL
• There must be mutual agreement on how data is to be
encoded, i.e. The structure in which devices
communicate is known as a protocol.
Sending One Character

• Every time a character is sent, the same


communication occurs:
1. Start bit sent. logical 0 ie +15VDC.
2. Seven data bits sent ( ASCII Code).
3. Stop bit sent. logical 1. –15VDC.

• This communication is dependent on the fact


that both devices are sampling the bits at the
same rate!
A Sample Transmission

7 bit ASCII code for 1011 010


To Communicate…
• Both devices must have the same speeds to talk.
• The transmission rate of serial devices is called baud. It
is the number of bits per second.
• Most settings are read in the following form:
– Bits per second
– Number of data bits
– Parity
– Number of Stop bits
To Communicate…
• The bandwidth is 9600 bits per second.
• Each byte has extra bits with it (start, stop, parity, etc).
• Data rate for 9600 baud would be 960 bytes per second.
Wiring RS-232
• Common serial devices (modems for example), use a 9
pin serial connection.
RS-232 DB9 Pin Out

Modem: DCE- Data Comm Eqpt


PC: DTE- Data Terminal Eqpt
Stop data from Modem to PC Stop data from PC to Modem
• DTR (PC) to modem • RTS (PC) to modem
• DSR (modem) to PC • CTS (modem) to PC
What is RS-422?
• RS-422 (EIA RS-422-A Standard) is the serial connection
used on Apple Macintosh computers.
• RS-422 uses a differential electrical signal as opposed to
unbalanced signals referenced to ground with the RS-232.
• Differential transmission, which uses two lines each for
transmit and receive signals, results in greater noise
immunity and longer distances as compared to the RS-232.
• The greater noise immunity and distance are big advantages
in industrial environments.
• A maximum of ten RS422 devices can be connected in
parallel with a sender within a transmission direction
What is RS-485?
• RS-485 (EIA-485 Standard) is an
improvement over RS-422 because it
increases the number of devices from 10
to 32.
• RS-485 defines the electrical
characteristics necessary to ensure
adequate signal voltages under
maximum load. With this enhanced multi-
drop capability, you can create networks
of devices connected to a single RS-485
serial port.
What is RS-485? (Cont’d)
• The noise immunity and multi-drop capability
make RS-485 the serial connection of choice
in industrial applications requiring many
distributed devices networked to a PC or other
controller for data collection, HMI, or other
operations.
• RS-485 is a superset of RS-422; thus, all RS-
422 devices may be controlled by RS-485. RS-
485 hardware may be used for serial
communication for up to 4000 feet of cable.
What is RS-485? (Cont’d)
• RS-485 was made to address the multi-
drop limitation of RS-422, allowing up to
32 devices to communicate through the
same data line.
• Any of the slave devices on an RS-485
bus can communicate with any other 32
slave devices without going through a
master device.
Comparison of RS 232/422/485
Specifications RS-232 RS-422 RS-485
Mode of Operation Single-Ended Differential Differential
Total Number of Drivers
and Receivers on One
1 Driver 1 Driver 32 Drivers
Line.
1 Receiver 10 Receiver 32 Receivers
One driver active at a time
for RS-485 networks
Maximum Cable Length 50 ft 4000 ft 4000 ft
Maximum Data Rate (40 ft -
160 kbits/s (can
4000 ft for RS-422/
be up to 10 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s
RS-485)
1Mbit/s)

You might also like