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Young's modulus of elasticity is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain, measured using a specific apparatus. The document outlines a procedure for measuring Young's modulus through a load-extension curve and provides observations and calculations for various materials. It includes a table of Young's modulus values for different materials and details on the experimental setup and measurements taken.

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24 views3 pages

22 Revised

Young's modulus of elasticity is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain, measured using a specific apparatus. The document outlines a procedure for measuring Young's modulus through a load-extension curve and provides observations and calculations for various materials. It includes a table of Young's modulus values for different materials and details on the experimental setup and measurements taken.

Uploaded by

afrahakbar3
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Young’s modulus of elasticity:

It is defined as the ratio of tensile stress (σ) to tensile strain (ε).


When a material is stretched stress is directly proportional to strain provided it is not stretched
beyond the limit of proportionality. The gradient of the graph below gives us the value of the
Young Modulus for that particular material. The Young Modulus for a wire can be measured
using Young’s Modulus of Elasticity apparatus. It consists of a wire attached to a fixed support.
The lower end of the wire is attached to the hanger with the help of a metallic plate. The
extension of the wire on loading can be measured from the scale present on metallic plate. [2]
Table 1: Yong’s Modulus of elasticity of some materials [2]

Material Young’s
Modulus (GPa)
Mild Steel 210
Copper 120
Bone 18
Plastic 2
Rubber 0.02

Load-Extension Curve:
A line plotted from the results of a tensile test on metal, the loads being shown as ordinates and
the elongations of the gage length as abscissae, thus relating the extension of the material under
test to the applied load. [3]

Figure 1: Load Extension curve


PROCEDURE:
 First suspend the wire with an initial load of 0.5 lb. to remove wrinkles in wire.
 Measure the length of wire using meter rod.
 Measure the diameter of the wire using Vernier caliper.
 Adjust main scale so that zeros of two scales coincide with each other.
 In case the zeros not coincide with each other then, measure the zero error.
 Put a load of 0.5 lb. in the hanger and measure extension.
 Take a set of at least five readings of increasing value of load and then take
readings on unloading.
 Check the zeros at no load.
 Calculate the “Young’s Modulus of Elasticity (E)” of the material of the shaft.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:


 Least Count of the scale of apparatus = 0.5 mm
 Least Count of Vernier caliper = 0.05 mm
 Least Count of meter rod = 1 mm
 Length of wire (L) = 899 mm
 Diameter of wire (d) = 1 mm
 Initial Load = 0.5 lb.

X-area of wire (A= πd2


 /4) = 1.96× 10-3mm2

Table 2: Calculations & Observations

Extension-δl Modulus of
P/δl
Elasticity
No. Effective (in)
Load-P (lb./inch) E=(P/δl)
of
(L/A)
Obs. (lbs.) Loadin From
Unloading Average
g Graph (psi)

1. 0.5 0.039 0.029 0.034


2. 1 0.078 0.088 0.083
3. 1.5 0.108 0.127 0.117
8
4. 2 0.147 0.157 0.152 85 ¿ 1.6 ×10

5. 2.5 0.187 0.187 0.187

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