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Unit 5 Reactivity Series

The document discusses the reactions of various metals with oxygen, water, and dilute acids, detailing observations from experiments and the reactivity series. It highlights the differences in reactivity among metals, particularly group 1 metals, and explains displacement reactions. Additionally, it poses questions related to the experiments and encourages analysis of the periodic table's influence on metal reactivity.

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d.premathilake
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24 views7 pages

Unit 5 Reactivity Series

The document discusses the reactions of various metals with oxygen, water, and dilute acids, detailing observations from experiments and the reactivity series. It highlights the differences in reactivity among metals, particularly group 1 metals, and explains displacement reactions. Additionally, it poses questions related to the experiments and encourages analysis of the periodic table's influence on metal reactivity.

Uploaded by

d.premathilake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

1 Metals and their reaction with oxygen

Activity 6.1
Metals reaction with oxygen will be determined by burning each of the metal sample using the
Bunsen flame.
Record observation for the following metals burning in Bunsen flame.
Experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xVgs60LmXg
Metal Observation

Sodium Highly reactive with atmospheric oxygen and make the oxide
around it.
Magnesium Mg burnt with flame giving bright white color flame. Remaining
will be the oxide of the metal.
Zinc Zinc reacts with oxygen very slowly, and make oxide around it.

Aluminum React with oxygen and make the oxide around it.

Nail Will not show much reaction


Iron
Steel wool React with oxygen and make the oxide

Filings React quickly with oxygen and make the oxide

Q. 1 Arrange the metals according to their reaction rate with oxygen.


Q.2 Identify where each of these element are in periodic table, what pattern can you see in their
reaction rate and the position of the periodic table?

Reaction of group 1 metals with oxygen


* Group one metals are the most reactive metals we can find in periodic table.
* This is why they are stored, immersed in oil to avoid it contacting with air or moisture.
* We should perform reaction of group 1 metals with oxygen under special lab facilities like a
fume hood.
* All the group 1 metals react vigorously with oxygen and make colorful flames.

* Metals react with oxygen and make the oxide.


Metals + Oxygen → Metal oxide

6.2 Metals reaction with water


Look how each of following metal reacts with water and record observations.
Experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IM8WcnkuOR0
Metal Observation

Sodium Sodium reacts vigorously with water and forms hydrogen. Also,
piece of metal will move through the water, giving buzzing sound.
Magnesium Mg reacts with water and gives hydrogen bubbles out. With hot
water it produces lots of hydrogen.
Zinc Zn will react only with steam and produce hydrogen

Aluminum Al will react with steam and produces hydrogen.

Iron

Q. What can you say about group 1 metals reaction with water?

Reaction of other metals with water


* Some metals like Zn, Fe, or Al do not react with water quickly as the energy needs to start the
reaction is not supplied (it will take long period to react the metal with water).
* Mg, can react with water and produce hydrogen.
Magnesium + Hot Water → magnesium hydroxide + Hydrogen
* Mg, shows a higher reaction rate with hot water than cold water. This is because, hot water has
higher energy to react with Mg.
* Reaction rate will further increase if steam is used.
Magnesium + steam → magnesium oxide + Hydrogen
* Zn, Fe or Al will not react with hot water either.
* However, these metals will react with steam and produce oxides.
Zn + steam → zinc oxide + Hydrogen

6.3 Reactions of metals with dilute acids


* Metals produce metal salt and hydrogen when react with acids.
* The salt produces will depend on the acid to be used in experiment.
Hydrochloric → metal Chloride
Sulfuric → Metal sulfate
Nitric → Metal nitrate

Q. Write down the possible word equation for the reaction of Sodium with sulfuric acid.
Why do you think this reaction is not safe to do in the normal laboratory?

Record the experiment under the following topics.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Na_6j9y9ke8

Experiment: Reaction with metals with acid.


Tools and apparatus: Forceps,
Aim:
Prediction:
Method:
Observations:

Conclusion:
The reactivity of the metals decrease along, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu.

6.4 Reactivity series


* Reactivity series tells which metals are highly reactive and which metals are less reactive.
* The reactivity of these metals determined by the experiments that we have undertaken above
with oxygen, water and acids.
Guess which metal should be in the top?

6.5 Displacement reactions


* Metals can make salt solutions.
* Metal ions in a metal solution can be replaced by a higher reactive metal.
Eg: How Silver is plated on iron or copper jewelries?
Silver nitrate is a solution, the iron or copper stays higher than silver in reactivity series.
So, if iron or copper jewelry put into the silver nitrate solution, silver will be replaced to iron or to
copper. So, the jewelry get plated by silver.
Reaction:
Silver nitrate + Iron → Silver + Iron nitrate
* This is only possible if the added metal stays high in the reactivity series.
* Such reactions are known as displacement reaction.

Q. Check whether the following metal solutions can be displaced by the metal added.
1. Copper sulfate solution by Iron
2. Silver nitrate by gold
3. Magnesium chloride by Sodium
4. Lead sulfate by aluminum

Predict what will happen if you mis following row chemicals to column solutions
Copper sulfate Magnesium Iron sulfate Lead nitrate
sulfate
Iron
lead
copper
Magnesium

Question 1
Anne proceeds with following experiment steps.
She has an unknown solution. She knows that it is a metal chloride.
* She puts a piece of iron into it. – No reaction.
* Then she puts a piece of zinc into it – she noticed that the zinc piece is reacting.
What is the solution she has?
Question 2
Anne proceeds with following experiment steps.
She takes an unknown metal (X)
*step 1- Then she puts a little piece of it to cold water – No reaction.
*step 2- Then she puts another part to dilute hydrochloric acid – the metal dissolves completely.
*step 3- She takes the solution made at step 2 and puts a piece of zinc into it. – No reaction.
*step 4 – She puts a piece of aluminum into the solution made at step 2 – no reaction.
What could be the metal she used as X?

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