STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 11

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 3 Week: 5 SSLM No. 5 MELC(s): Illustrates random sampling (M11/12SP-IIId-

2), distinguishes between parameter and statistic (M11/12SP-IIId-3), identifies sampling
distributions of statistics (sample mean) (M11/12SP-IIId-4), and finds the mean and variance
of the sampling distribution of the sample mean (M11/12SP-IIId-5).

➢ Objectives: 1. To illustrate random sampling.

2. To distinguish between parameter and statistic.
3. To identify sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean).
4. To find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean.
➢ Title of Textbook/LM to Study: _________________________________________
➢ Chapter: ___ Pages: ___ Topic: Mean and Variance of the Sampling
Distribution of the Sample Means

Let Us Discover

The word random describes the procedure used to select elements from a population.
When random sampling is used, each element in the population has an equal chance of
being selected. A population includes all those elements from a set of data. A sample
consists of selected observations drawn from a population. It is a subset of the population.
Random samples are carefully selected and used to avoid bias or error.

Suppose you want to know the average (mean) number of hours spent in answering
the modules daily by the Grade 11 learners. It will be hard if you ask all of them but the easier
way is to identify and interview representatives from various sections through Facebook
messenger or text messaging.

Illustration: Population: 244 Grade 11 learners Random sample: 180 learners

population 244 180 sample

population mean (𝜇) Average (mean) number of

(parameter) hours spent in answering Sample mean (𝑥̅ )
the modules (statistic)

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 Types of random sampling are summarized in the table below.
Types Description Example
Simple It is done by writing all members on a The researcher chose names of 25 learners
Random sheet of paper, putting them on a hat, out of a bowl from among the 198 Grade 11
Sampling and drawing several names. students.
Systematic It is done by listing all the elements in the The researcher asks the class adviser for a
Random population and selecting every kth in the copy of the class list and selects every 10th
Sampling population list. individual in the list to be part of the sample.
It is done by first dividing the population
Stratified
into different divisions or strata, and the A researcher separates the list of the male and
Random
number of samples is proportionately female then draws 10 names per gender.
Sampling
picked in each stratum.
It is done by dividing the entire A researcher surveyed all the Pantawid
Cluster
population into sections or clusters that Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries in all
Sampling
represent the population. puroks of Barangay Matatag.

A parameter is a measure that describes a population. It is denoted by Greek letters;

𝛍 “read as mu” for a population mean, 𝝈𝟐 “read as sigma squared” for population variance, 𝝈
“read as sigma” for population standard deviation and p for a population proportion.
Illustrative Examples 1:
a. The average grade of all Grade 11 learners in the First Semester is 89.
b. A teacher interviewed all 50 students in a class about their learning styles and
found out that 25% are visual learners.
̅
A statistic is a measure that describes a sample. It is denoted by Roman letters; 𝐗
𝟐
“read as x bar” for a sample mean, 𝐬 for sample variance, 𝐬 for sample standard deviation,
̂ read as “p hat” for sample proportion.
and 𝒑

Illustrative Examples 2:
a. The mean height of 27 students in a class of 54 is 165 cm.
b. Based on a sample of 500 surveyed students, it is found that only 15% own a
laptop.

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS

Sampling distribution of the sample means refers to a frequency distribution using
the means computed from all possible random samples of a specific size taken from a
population.
The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means (𝛍 𝐱̅ ) is equal to the
population mean (𝛍). That is, 𝛍𝐱̅ = 𝛍.

When we speak of variance, it measures how far a set of numbers spreads out from
∑(𝐱 − )𝟐
their mean. The population variance (𝟐 ) is solved using the formula 𝟐 = . This
𝑵
value is essential for you to solve for the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means. For finite population, the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
𝛔𝟐 𝐍−𝐧
means (𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ ) is given by 𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ = • ( ), where 𝛔𝟐 is the population variance, N is the
𝐧 𝐍−𝟏
population size, and n is the sample size.

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 The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means (𝛔𝐱̅ ),
also known as the standard error of the mean, measures the degree of accuracy of the
sample mean as an estimate of the population means.
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means is the square
𝝈 𝐍−𝐧
root of the variance (𝝈𝒙̅ ) and solved using the formula 𝝈𝒙̅ = •√(𝐍−𝟏) or 𝝈𝒙̅ = √𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ .
√𝒏
Illustrative Example 3: A group of Grade 11 learners got the following scores in their
Statistics and Probability test: 2, 4, 9, 10, and 5. List all possible random
samples of size 3 from this population and do the following:
a. construct the sampling distribution of the sample means,
b. solve the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the sampling
distribution.

Steps Solution
1. Solve the population mean
using the formula ∑ 𝑥 2 + 4 + 9 + 10 + 5
∑𝑥 μ= = = 6.00
μ= . N 5
N
Thus, the population mean () is 6.00
2. Solve the variance of the (2 − 6)2 + (4 − 6)2 + (9 − 6)2 + (10 − 6)2 + (5 − 6)2
2 =
population using the formula 5
∑(x − )2 (−4)2 + (−2)2 + (3)2 + (4)2 + (−1)2
𝟐 = 𝑵
. =
5
16 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 1 46
= = = 9.20
5 5
Thus, the population variance ( ) is 9.20.
𝟐

3. Determine the number of

possible samples of size n 𝟓! 5•4•3•2•1 𝟐𝟎
using the formula for 𝑪(𝟓, 𝟑) = (𝟓−𝟑)!𝟑! = (2•1)3•2•1
= = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐
combination
𝑛!
𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) = .,
(𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!

2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 9,
4. List all possible samples 4, 4, 4, 9, 5, 10, 9, 9, 10, 10,
Samples
and solve their corresponding 9 10 5 10 9 5 10 5 5 5
means. Mean 5.00 5.33 3.67 7.00 5.33 5.67 7.67 6.00 6.33 8.00

Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

5. Construct the sampling Sample Mean Frequency Probability
distribution of the sample ̅)
(𝒙 (f) ̅)
P(𝒙
means. 3.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
5.00 1 1/10 = 0.10
5.33 2 2/10 = 0.20
5.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
6.00 1 1/10 = 0.10
6.33 1 1/10 = 0.10
7.00 1 1/10 = 0.10
7.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
8.00 1 1/10 = 0.10
Total 10 10/10 = 1.00

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6. Determine the mean of the Since 𝛍𝐱̅ = 𝛍, then μx̅ = 6.0
sampling distribution of the So, the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means (𝛍𝐱̅ )
sample means (𝛍𝐱̅ ). is 6.00.
7. Solve the variance of the
Given: N = 5, n = 3, 𝟐 = 9.2
sampling distribution of the σ2 𝐍−𝐧 9.2 𝟓−𝟑
sample means (𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ ) using the σ2x̅ = •( )= •( ) = 1.53
n 𝐍−𝟏 3 𝟓−𝟏
𝛔𝟐 𝐍−𝐧 Thus, the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means
formula 𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ = •( ).
𝐧 𝐍−𝟏
(σ2x̅ ) is 1.53.
8. Solve the standard
𝝈̅𝒙 = √𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ = √𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒
deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample
Therefore, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
means (𝛔𝐱̅ ) using the
sample means (𝛔𝐱̅ ) is 1.24.
formula𝝈𝒙̅ = √𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ .

Let Us Try

Activity 1: Be Judgmental!
Direction: Each statement below illustrates Random Sampling. Write if it is Simple,
Systematic, Stratified, or Cluster.

___________ 1. A teacher conducting research divided the students into grade levels and
selected 15 representatives from each grade level.
___________ 2. The researcher interviewed every 12th name on the list of teachers.
___________ 3. The researcher surveyed 10 senior citizens in each barangay of a certain city.
___________ 4. The names of all medical front liners in Magaling District Hospital were written
on a sheet of paper and placed inside a box. The researcher selected 30
names from the box.

Activity 2: Identify Me!

Direction: Identify the parameter and statistic on the given situation.
1. A researcher wants to estimate the average age of 244 Grade 11 self-supporting
learners. From a sample of 180 learners, he obtained a sample mean age of 18.

a. Parameter: __________________________________________________
b. Statistic: ____________________________________________________

2. A researcher wants to estimate the average death age of Filipino women in the
last decade and from a sample of 100 deaths, he obtained a sample mean age of 73.

a. Parameter: __________________________________________________
b. Statistic: ____________________________________________________

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 Let Us Do

Activity 3. Fill Me!

Direction: Do what is being asked on the given problem.
A population consists of the numbers 9, 5, 6, 12, and 15. Random samples of size
n= 2 are to be taken from this population. Construct the sampling distribution of
the sample means. Solve the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample means by completing the table below.
Steps Solution
1. Solve the population mean
using the formula 9 + 5 + 6 + 12 + 15
𝜇= = __________
μ=
∑𝑥
. 5
N The population mean is _____________.
2. Solve the variance of the ∑(x − )2
𝟐 = 𝑵
= __________________
population using the formula
∑(x − )2
𝟐 = 𝑵
. The population variance is _____________.
3. Determine the number of
possible samples of size n 𝑛!
𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) = = _________________________________
(𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!
using the formula for
There are _______ possible random samples that can be drawn from
combination
𝑛! the population.
𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) = .,
(𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!
4. List all the possible
samples and solve the Samples
corresponding mean. Mean

Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

Sample Mean Frequency Probability
(𝐱̅) (f) P(𝐱̅)

5. Construct a sampling
distribution of the sample
means.

Total

6. Determine the mean of the Since 𝛍𝐱̅ = 𝛍, then μx̅ = ______________.

sampling distribution of the So, the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means (𝛍𝐱̅ )
sample means (𝛍𝐱̅ ). is ______________.

7. Solve the variance of the Given: N = ________, n = ______, 𝟐 = ___________

sampling distribution of the σ2 𝐍−𝐧
σ2x̅ = •( ) = __________________.
n 𝐍−𝟏
sample means (𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ ) using the
Thus, the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means
𝛔𝟐 𝐍−𝐧
formula 𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ = •( ). (σ2x̅ ) is _______________.
𝐧 𝐍−𝟏

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 8. Solve the standard
deviation of the sampling 𝛔𝐱̅ = _________________________________________________
distribution of the sample The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample
means (𝛔𝐱̅ ) using the means is ___________.
formula 𝝈𝒙̅ = √𝛔𝟐𝐱̅ .

Let Us Apply

Activity 4. Generate Me!

A population consists of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Samples of size 3 are to be
taken from this population. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means, and
compute (a) the mean, (b) variance, and (c) standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
the sample means.

Rubrics

Trait 5 (Excellent) 4 (Good) 3 (Satisfactory)

The student applies The student applies The student applies
Procedure complete and partial and appropriate incomplete and
appropriate procedures. procedures. inappropriate procedures.
Almost all answers
Answers needed were Some answers needed
Accuracy needed were provided
provided correctly. were provided correctly.
incorrectly.

References

Statistics and Probability Self Learning-Module, Module 10 pages 3-10

Statistics and Probability Self Learning-Module, Module 11 pages 6-7

SSLM Development Team

Writer: Mary Jane V. Muyco
Content Editor: Sherwin P. Uy
LR Evaluators: Merpelyn T. Salamanca, Marjohn C. Mantawil
Illustrator: Mary Jane V. Muyco
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor - Mathematics: Zaida N. Abiera
Education Program Supervisor - Learning Resources: Sally A. Palomo
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Carlos G. Susarno, Ph. D.
Schools Division Superintendent: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V

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