7

ICT
 Quarter I – Module 1:
ICT – Grade 7
Self-Learning Modules
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Computers: History and

Characteristics

"Designed by macrovector / Freepik"

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Janica D. Tigol Language

Editors:

Content Editors:
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Rosemarie M. Guino EdD, OIC – Chief, CLMD
Ryan R. Tiu EdD, EPS, CLMD – Science
Joy B. Bihag, EPS, CLMD – EPP/TLE & LRMS
Raul D. Agban, EdD,OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Lorelei A. Masias, CESE, OIC Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Shirley L. Godoy, EPS, CID – LRMS
Josemilo P. Ruiz, EdD, Chief CID
Elsa B. Tabudlong, EPS-Science

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Telefax: 053 - 3233156

E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the ICT 7 Self – Learning Module 1 on Computers: History and

Characteristics!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

Explore competencies you are expected to learn in the
module. A brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one. The new
lesson will also be introduced to you in various
ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity, or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and
skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills
of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.
This includes questions or blank

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 Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what you
learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

in achieving the learning competency.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.

This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners Reflect

are encouraged to think about the lessons particularly the parts that went
well (they have understood) and the parts that were weak (they have difficulty) and
write about it briefly. Learners can share their thoughts and feeling about the
lessons.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

Notes to the Teacher

In answering the activities, let the students provide
another separate sheet/s of paper/s to write their outputs.
Guide the students in every direction given.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

v
 Explore

Introduction:
Devices have been used to aid computation for
thousands of years, mostly using one-to-one correspondence
with fingers. The earliest counting device was probably a form
of tally stick. Later record keeping aids throughout the Fertile
Crescent included calculi (clay spheres, cones, etc.) which
represented counts of items, probably livestock or grains,
sealed in hollow unbaked clay containers. The use of counting
rods is one example.

In this module you will learn about:

Most Essential Learning Competency

• Computers: History and Characteristics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Know the history and foundations of development of
computers
2. Determine the characteristics of computer
3. Identify the pros and cons of using computer

Learn

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 1 of 21

Lesson 1: History and Foundations of
Development of
Computers

The history of computers starts out about

2000 years ago in Babylonia
(Mesopotamia), at the birth of ABACUS, a
wooden rack holding two horizontal wires
with beads strung on them. Blaise Pascal
is usually credited for building the first
digital computer in 1642.

• The computer as we know it today had its beginning with

a 19th century English mathematics professor name
Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and
it was this design that the basic framework of the
computers of today are based on.

• Generally speaking, computers can be classified into five

generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period
of time, and each gave us either a new and improved
computer or an improvement to the existing computer.

The Five Generations of Computers

• First generation: 1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the first

electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V.
Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the
AtanasoffBerry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic
computer name the Colossus was built for the military.
Other developments continued until in 1946 the first
general– purpose digital computer, the Electronic

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 2 of 21

 Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built. It
is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had
18,000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing.
When this computer was turned on for the first time
lights dim in sections of Philadelphia. Computers of this
generation could only perform single task, and they had
no operating system.

• Second generation: 1947 – 1962 -

This generation of
computers used transistors
instead of
vacuum tubes Vacuum Tubes
which were more reliable. In
1951 the first computer for
commercial use was
introduced to the public; the
Universal Automatic
Computer (UNIVAC 1). In
1953 the
International Business
Machine (IBM) 650 and
700 series computers made their mark in the computer
world. During this generation of computers over 100
computer programming languages were Transistors
developed, computers had memory and
operating systems. Storage media such as tape and disk
were in use also were printers for output.

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 3 of 21

 • Third generation: 1963 - present - The invention of
integrated circuit brought us
the third generation of
computers. With this
invention computers
became smaller, more
powerful more reliable and
they are able to run many
different programs at the
same time. In1980 Microsoft
Disk Operating System
(MS-Dos) was born and in 1981 IBM Integrated Circuits
introduced the personal computer
(PC) for home and office use. Three years later Apple gave
us the Macintosh computer with its icon driven interface
and the 90s gave us Windows operating system.

• Fourth generation: 1971 – present – the microprocessor

brought the fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits
were built onto a single silicon
chip. What in the first
generation filled an entire room
could now fit in the palm of the
hand. The intel 4004 chip,
developed in 1971, located all
the components of the computer
from the central processing
until and memory to input/
output controls – on a single
chip. In 1981 IBM introduced its first Microprocessors
computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple
introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved
out of the realm of desktop computers and into many
areas of life as more and more everyday products began
to use microprocessors. As this small computers became
more powerful, they could be linked together to form
networks, which eventually led to the development of the

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 4 of 21

 Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

• Fifth generation: Present – Beyond – fifth generation

computing devices, bases
on artificial intelligence, are
still in development through
there are some applications,
such as voice recognition,
that are being used today.
The use of parallel
processing and super
conductors is helping to
make artificial intelligence a
reality. Quantum
Artificial Intelligence
computation and
molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the
face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth
generation computing is to develop devices that respond
to natural language input and are capable of learning
and self-organization.

• As a result of the various improvements to the

development of the computer we have seen the computer
being used in all areas of life. It is a very useful tool that
will continue to experience new development as time
passes.

Lesson 2: Characteristics of Computer

Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the

data, as per given instructions it gives results quickly and
accurately.
• Data : Data is a raw material of information.

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 5 of 21

 • Information : Proper collection of the data is called
information.

Characteristics of Computer

• SPEED : In general, no human being can compete to

solving the complex computation, faster than computer.

• ACCURACY : Since computer is programmed, whatever

input it gives accurate results.

• STORAGE : Computer can store mass storage of data with

appropriate format.

• DILIGENCE : Computer can work for hours without any

break and creating no error.

• VERSATILITY : We can use computer to perform

completely different type of work at the same time.

• POWER OF REMEMBERING : It can remember data for

us.

• NO IQ : Computer does not work without instruction.

• NO FEELING : Computer does not have emotions,

knowledge, experience, feeling

Lesson 3: PROS AND CONS OF USING COMPUTER

Advantages of using a computer
Increase your productivity

• Computers increase your productivity and with a good

understanding of the software running on them you will
become more productive at everything you do. For
example, once you have a basic understanding of using a
word processor you can create, store, edit, share, and

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 6 of 21

 print documents and letters. Each of these things was
either impossible or much slower with all pre-existing
technologies.

Can store vast amounts of information and reduce waste

• Computers are capable of storing and accessing vast

amounts of information. For example, a computer and
devices like eBook readers can store hundreds and if
given enough storage could store millions of books. By
being able to store books, documents, movies, pictures,
and songs digitally, you can quickly find what you need
with a search and share information between devices. It
eliminates the need for paper and plastics used to make
non-digital versions of the media.

Helps sort, organize, and search through information

• A computer can also use its stored information more

efficiently than any other device. In our earlier example,
we mentioned the ability to store millions of books. Once
those books are stored on a computer they can be sorted
into categories, alphabetized, and can be searched to find
exactly may be looking for in less than a minute. Trying
to find the same text in a million books would take a
human month if not years.

Get a better understanding of data

• Computers can also give you a better understand of data

and big data. For example, a business could have a
database of items they’ve sold. Using that data, they can
quickly identify what items sell best at what time of year,
when mark up or down an item, and what items are not
selling. Having access to this type of information can give
the business a better understanding of their customers
and a competitive edge against their competitors

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 7 of 21

Keeps you connected

• Computers can help keep you connect with long distance

friends and family over e-mail and social networking. You
can also connect with millions of other people that share
the same interests as you over online forums, chat, and
VoIP services like Skype. Being able to connect to people
all around the world is also an excellent way to meet
people you would normally never meet.

Improves your abilities

• Are you not the best speller, have poor grammar, not
great at math, don’t have a great memory, or need help
with something else. By using all of the computers
abilities or if you have a hard time learning you can rely
on the computer to assist you.

Can help automate and monitor

• A computer can automate any imaginable task and can

also be programmed to wait for something to occur. For
example, computers connected to a camera can be
programmed to watch for movement and when detected
send an alert and begin recording.

Save time

• Today, there are dozens of services that can help you save
time. Several examples are listed below.

• Using a site like Amazon, you can find many of the same
products you would find at a store for the same price or
cheaper. You can also have those items shipped to your
door without having to leave your home.

• You could use an online banking site to view your bank

balance and pay bills.

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 8 of 21

 • If your favorite restaurant has a website, you can order
take out without having to wait in line.
• You can view online traffic cameras and maps with traffic
information to find the quickest route.

Keep you entertained

• With a computer, you could store and listen to millions of

songs and watch a DVD or Blu-ray if you have a drive.
When connected to the Internet, you could watch an
endless amount of streaming and online videos from
popular sites like Amazon, Netflix, and YouTube

Disadvantages of using a computer

Health issues

• PC When prolonged used has negative effects on eyes due

to radiation emitted by monitors. The eyes get dry
resulting blurry visions, stress in the eye muscles, weak
eyes. One should take some precautionary measures
while using computer for longs hours, taking small
breaks while using, washing eyes with water making
them wet, relaxing eyes can do a great help.

• When used continuously back muscles get harder due to

improper sitting positions, neck muscles lose their
elasticity, pain in the hands and joints are the primary
adverse symptoms of computer use. Avoiding or taking
rest in between works can overcome the negative
consequences of overworking with computers. Improper
digestion is also found in people who work on PC for long
continuous periods.

Spread of pornography

• As the PC’s range has covered every single individual in

the society, children and even grown up are prone and
get involved in pornographic content which many
websites offer this day. This sort of content, videos and

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 9 of 21

 images are easily available on internet, people can easily
get access, it’s very hard to have control over it, huge
numbers of children are addicted to porn videos, porn

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 10 of 21

 images, and once they are addicted it is very hard to
overcome.

Virus and hacking attacks

• Virus are just computer programs which are designed

and developed to harm the computer, steal important
information like passwords, pins and other sensitive
information. Hackers use this program to crack your
system down and get an authorized access to your
computer systems, which can damage people
economically as well as socially.

Computer can not take their own decision/NO IQ

• As PC does not have there own IQ they cannot take

decisions on there own, which sometimes make our work
tedious then it looks they simply operate when given
proper and correct instruction, if computer get wrong or
improper instruction the result will be wrong as they do
not have logical brains determining true or false.

Spread of violence, hatred

• The spread of violence and hate- related articles can be

found easily while surfing the internet. People get in
touch with this articles which destroys the thinking
process of individuals and we find consequences which
are not for the betterment of human society.

Online cyber crimes

• Some people which are commonly called “HACKERS OR

CRACKER” break down our computer system and get
unauthorized access and steals our credit card numbers,
our passwords and our sensitive information. With this
information, they violate all laws and misuse our
information of their benefits.

Data and information violation

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 11 of 21

 • Irrespective of many securities our data can be lost due
to damaged memory or using spam websites while they
inject malicious program Trojan, worm to your computer
system which corrupts or even destroys the data
available on your systems. And sometimes this program
which is developed by hackers or crackers retrieves your
bank details with passwords, credit cards information’s
and misuse them.

References

https://www.google.com/search?q=history+and+foundations+of+computer&rl
z=1C1GCEA_enPH929PH929&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=600&sxsrf=ALeKk03i3VuJ
Zq98onVG5lFNpxnR4-
Qa1A%3A1625209219839&ei=g7neYIHgMtGQr7wPsZisSA&oq=history&gs_lcp=
Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAEYADIECCMQJzIECCMQJzIECCMQJzIHCAAQsQMQQzIECAAQQ
zIFCAAQkQIyBwgAELEDEEMyBAgAEEMyBAgAEEMyBAgAEEM6BwgAEEcQsAM6
BwgAELADEEM6AggAOgcIABCHAhAUOgcIIxDqAhAnOgoIABCxAxCDARBDSgQIQ
RgAUJnGBVikhgZg0JkGaANwAngCgAH8IogBtLUBkgERMC4xLjAuMS4yLjEuMS45
LTWYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6sAEKyAEKwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz

https://www.google.com/search?q=abacus+freepik&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH929P
H929&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk03EUaC1aqj5TXiWYEb1O9WM6dlspw:16252094476
80&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjo0MH-
6MPxAhWswosBHZRxDuIQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=600#imgrc=D0
73OXyqSZ7MQM

https://www.google.com/search?q=generations+of+computer&tbm=isch&ved
=2ahUKEwj9reiC6cPxAhVbyZQKHSKaCuMQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=generations+of+computer&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1DfnghYvcYI
YLzJCGgAcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBF6ABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=i

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 12 of 21

mg&ei=cLreYP21KtuS0wSitKqYDg&bih=600&biw=1366&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH92
9PH929&hl=en

Q1_STE_ICT_ Module 1 Page 13 of 21

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII – Curriculum and Learning

Management Division (CLMD) - Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)

Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte, 6501

Telefax: (053) 323-3156; 323-3854; 824-4627

Email Address: *[email protected]

*[email protected] *[email protected]