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Network_,Computer Lesson 2

Computer networks are essential for global communication, data sharing, and resource access, consisting of interconnected devices like computers and servers. They can be categorized into Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), each serving different geographical scopes. While networks enhance communication and resource sharing, they also pose security risks, implementation costs, and management complexities.

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anaayoubi2024
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23 views

Network_,Computer Lesson 2

Computer networks are essential for global communication, data sharing, and resource access, consisting of interconnected devices like computers and servers. They can be categorized into Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), each serving different geographical scopes. While networks enhance communication and resource sharing, they also pose security risks, implementation costs, and management complexities.

Uploaded by

anaayoubi2024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computer Networks
Computer networks are a fundamental aspect of modern life, connecting
individuals, businesses, and institutions across the globe. These networks allow
for seamless communication, data sharing, and resource access.
Definition of a Computer Network
A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices, such as computers, servers,
and printers, that can communicate with each other. Networks facilitate the exchange of
information and resources, creating a shared infrastructure for various applications.

Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)


A LAN connects devices within a A WAN connects devices over a large
limited geographical area, such as an geographical area, spanning cities,
office building or a home. countries, or even continents.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)


A MAN connects devices within a city or metropolitan area, covering a larger
geographical region than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
Advantages of a Computer Network
Computer networks offer numerous benefits, enhancing communication, collaboration, and
resource sharing.

1 Enhanced Communication 2 Improved Collaboration


Networks enable instant Networks allow teams to work together
communication across geographical seamlessly, sharing documents, ideas,
boundaries, facilitating email, video and projects, fostering collaboration
conferencing, and instant messaging. and efficiency.

3 Resource Sharing 4 Centralized Management


Networks enable devices to access Networks provide a centralized
shared resources, such as printers, platform for managing and
scanners, and storage devices, reducing administering devices, software, and
costs and improving efficiency. security, streamlining system
management.
Disadvantages of a Computer Network
While networks offer numerous benefits, they also present certain challenges and drawbacks that require careful consideration.

Security Risks Cost of Implementation Complexity and Management

Networks are susceptible to security Setting up and maintaining a network can Networks can be complex to manage,
threats, such as viruses, malware, and involve significant costs, including requiring specialized knowledge and skills
unauthorized access. Robust security hardware, software, and technical to ensure smooth operation and
measures are essential. expertise. troubleshoot issues.
Basic Components of a Network
Networks are composed of various components that work together to enable communication and data
transfer.

1 Network Interface Card (NIC)


The NIC is a physical component that allows devices to connect to a network.

2 Server
is s computer that manages the network resouces, software and files.

3 Hub, Switch, or Router


These devices act as central points for network traffic, managing data flow and connecting
different network segments.

4 Workstation
is a computer intended for individual use in a networking environment. It is like a personal
computer except that it is connected to other computers as well as to the main computer.
Network Topologies
Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of devices and connections within a network. Different topologies have different advantages and disadvantages.

Bus Topology
Devices are connected to a single shared cable or bus.

Star Topology
Devices are connected to a central hub or switch.

Ring Topology
Devices are connected in a circular fashion, forming a closed loop.

Mesh Topology
Each device is connected directly to every other device in the network.

Hybrid Topology
A combination of two or more topologies, blending their advantages.
Network Protocols
Network protocols are a set of rules and standards that govern communication between
devices on a network. They ensure that data is transmitted and received correctly.

TCP/IP The foundation of the internet, defining


how data is transmitted and received.

HTTP Used for communication between web


browsers and web servers, enabling web
browsing.

FTP Used for transferring files between


computers over a network.

SMTP Used for sending email messages.

DNS Resolves domain names to IP addresses,


allowing users to access websites by
name.
Network Security Considerations
Network security is crucial to protect sensitive information and ensure the integrity and
confidentiality of data.

Firewalls Strong Passwords


Firewalls act as barriers between a network Using complex passwords and multi-factor
and the external world, filtering incoming authentication helps prevent unauthorized
and outgoing traffic. access.

Antivirus Software Data Encryption


Antivirus software protects devices from Encrypting sensitive data ensures its
malware and other threats. confidentiality even if intercepted.

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