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L04 Flash Dist

The document covers the principles and calculations involved in flash distillation, including determining outlet compositions, heat absorbed, and drawing equilibrium curves. It provides examples of material and energy balances for specific mixtures, emphasizing the importance of understanding the feed composition and operating lines. Key equations and methodologies for analyzing flash distillation processes are also presented.

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4 views8 pages

L04 Flash Dist

The document covers the principles and calculations involved in flash distillation, including determining outlet compositions, heat absorbed, and drawing equilibrium curves. It provides examples of material and energy balances for specific mixtures, emphasizing the importance of understanding the feed composition and operating lines. Key equations and methodologies for analyzing flash distillation processes are also presented.

Uploaded by

maheshb220991ch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH3006D Mass Transfer II

Topic: Flash Distillation

Session Outcomes:

Determine the outlet compositions after flash distillation

Determine the heat absorbed by the feed in the heat exchanger

Draw the equilibrium curve and operating line for a flash distillation setup
F
D
Continuous Distillation: Flash Distillation / Equilibrium Distillation B or W
kmol/h

single stage: leaving streams are in equilibrium


𝛼𝑥𝐵
F=D+B 𝐹 𝑥𝐹 = 𝐷𝑦𝐷 + 𝐵𝑥𝐵 𝑦𝐷 =
1 + (𝛼 − 1)𝑥𝐵
total mole balance 𝑦D,avg species A balance solve 3 analytically
Operating Line For Flash Distillation
𝐹 𝑥𝐹 = 𝐷𝑦𝐷 + 𝐵𝑥𝐵

F = 1 mole/s. D = f mole/s B = 1-f mole/s if f fraction is vaporized


𝑥𝐹 1−𝑓
𝑦𝐷 = − 𝑥𝐵
𝑓 𝑓

Material balance / operating line for flash distillation 𝑦𝐷


has slope and y-intercept of
1−𝑓 𝑥𝐹
− and
𝑓 𝑓

To draw a line, we need slope and a point


or two points 𝑥𝐵
(𝑥𝐹 , 𝑥𝐹 ) lies on the operating line and diagonal

Is the incoming feed liquid? vapor? or combination?


A liquid mixture containing 40 mole % benzene and 60 mole % toluene is subjected

to flash distillation at a separator pressure of 101.325 kPa to vaporize 50 mole % of

the feed. Find the equilibrium composition of the vapor and the liquid.

x 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y 0 0.13 0.21 0.375 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.77 0.83 0.9 0.95 1

Analytical or Graphical?

What is slope of the operating line? 𝛼𝑥𝐵


𝑦𝐷 =
What is the alpha? Is it constant? 1 + (𝛼 − 1)𝑥𝐵

𝐹 𝑥𝐹 = 𝐷𝑦𝐷 + 𝐵𝑥𝐵
𝐹 =𝐷+𝑊
Enthalpy Balance for a Flash Distillation Column
𝐹 𝑥𝐹 = 𝐷𝑥𝐷 + 𝑊 𝑥𝑊

𝐹 𝐻𝐹 + 𝑄 = 𝐷𝐻𝐷 + 𝑊 𝐻𝑊

𝑊 𝑥𝐷 − 𝑥𝐹 𝐻𝐷 − (𝐻𝐹 + 𝑄
𝐹
)
− = =
𝐷 𝑥𝑊 − 𝑥𝐹 𝐻𝑊 − (𝐻𝐹 + 𝑄
𝐹
)

baffles to prevent entrainment of liquid droplets in vapor stream


50 kmol of 35 mol % aqueous solution of acetone at 25 C is heated and flashed in
a drum at 1 atm pressure when 35 % of the liquid is vaporized. Calculate:

a) the amounts and concentrations of vapor and liquid products and


b) the heat Q supplied to the feed

At T = 15 C

𝐻𝐿 = 𝐶𝑝𝑠 𝑀av (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) + Δ𝐻𝑠 , where, 𝐶𝑝𝑠 = specific heat of solution in kJ/kg K


𝑇0 = 15°𝐶, 𝑇 = 25°𝐶 and 𝑥𝐹 = 0.35
0.8 + 0.85
𝐶ps = = 0.825 kcal/kgK
2
−121.5 + −171.7
Δ𝐻𝑠 = = −146.6 kcal/kmol
2

𝑀av = 0.35 × 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻3 + 0.65 × 18 = 32 kg/kmol

𝐻𝐹 = 𝑀av 𝐶ps (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) + Δ𝐻𝑠


= 264 − 146.6 = 117.4 kcal/kmol

𝑊 𝐻𝐷 − (𝐻𝐹 + 𝑄
𝐹
)
− =
𝐷 𝐻𝑊 − (𝐻𝐹 + 𝑄
𝐹
)

𝑄
𝐻𝐹 + = 3600
𝐹
𝑄 = (3600 − 117.4) × 50 = 174130 kcal
Are you able to

Determine the exit compositions in a continuous flash distillation column

Determine the heat requirement for a flash distillation column

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