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Math138.Lesson 1

The document introduces Engineering Calculus 2, focusing on the concepts and ideas of integration, which is a fundamental aspect of calculus developed by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. It outlines the two main branches of calculus: Differential Calculus, which studies rates of change, and Integral Calculus, which deals with areas and volumes. The document also explains the two types of integrals: indefinite and definite integrals.

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4 views1 page

Math138.Lesson 1

The document introduces Engineering Calculus 2, focusing on the concepts and ideas of integration, which is a fundamental aspect of calculus developed by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. It outlines the two main branches of calculus: Differential Calculus, which studies rates of change, and Integral Calculus, which deals with areas and volumes. The document also explains the two types of integrals: indefinite and definite integrals.

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heavenumerez.bsie1
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MATH 138: Engineering Calculus 2

Prepared by Engr. Karla Jane N. Puracan

INTRODUCTION: Concepts and Ideas of Integration


Calculus is a branch of mathematics which started to develop in the 17th century by an English
mathematician, physicist, and astronomer Sir Isaac Newton and German mathematician Gottfried
Wilhelm Liebniz.

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1726) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)

The word calculus comes from the Latin word “calculus” which means pebble or stone which was used
for counting in the ancient times.

Branches of Calculus:
The study of calculus can be broadly divided into 2 branches:
 Differential Calculus - is concerned with the study of the rates at which quantities change. slopes
of tangent lines and velocities
 Integral Calculus - is concerned with calculating areas bounded by curves, volumes bounded by
surfaces, and solutions to differential equations.

Integration
Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. Instead of differentiating a function, we are given
the derivative of a function and asked to find its original function. It is otherwise called as anti-
differentiation.

Two types of Integral:


a) Indefinite Integral

where: = integral sign


f(x) = integrand
F(x) + C = indefinite integral
C = constant of integration/arbitrary constant
dx = means that the variable of integration is x

b) Definite Integral
∫ [ ]

where: b = upper limit


a = lower limit

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