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Data Validation in ML

Data validation in machine learning is essential for ensuring the quality and accuracy of data used for training models. Key aspects include accuracy, consistency, completeness, reliability, and compliance, with various types of validation such as schema, range, uniqueness, null value, cross-field, and statistical validation. Tools like Great Expectations and TFX Data Validation help automate the validation process, which is crucial for applications in fields like finance, healthcare, and e-commerce.

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Omkar Jethe
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3 views

Data Validation in ML

Data validation in machine learning is essential for ensuring the quality and accuracy of data used for training models. Key aspects include accuracy, consistency, completeness, reliability, and compliance, with various types of validation such as schema, range, uniqueness, null value, cross-field, and statistical validation. Tools like Great Expectations and TFX Data Validation help automate the validation process, which is crucial for applications in fields like finance, healthcare, and e-commerce.

Uploaded by

Omkar Jethe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Validation in ML

Data Validation in Machine learning

Data validation in machine learning is a crucial process to ensure the quality, consistency, and
accuracy of data used for model training and prediction. Poor data quality can lead to unreliable models,
making validation an essential step in the machine learning pipeline. Below are the key aspects of data
validation:

1. Importance of Data Validation

Accuracy: Ensures data is correct and free of errors.


Consistency: Verifies that the data adheres to a specific format and structure.
Completeness: Checks if all required fields are present and populated.
Reliability: Confirms that data values are trustworthy and not corrupted.
Compliance: Ensures data adheres to regulatory or organizational standards.

2. Types of Data Validation

a. Schema Validation

Verifies that data matches the expected schema, including column names, data types, and
constraints.
Tools: Python libraries like pandera or Great Expectations.

b. Range Validation

Ensures numerical values lie within an acceptable range.


Example: Age should be between 0 and 120.

c. Uniqueness Validation

Checks for duplicate rows or unique identifiers like IDs.

d. Null Value Validation

Identifies missing or null values that could affect model performance.

e. Cross-field Validation

Ensures logical relationships between fields.


Example: `Start_Date` should be earlier than `End_Date`.

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f. Statistical Validation

Compares data distribution to historical trends or known distributions to detect anomalies.

3. Tools for Data Validation

Great Expectations: A Python framework for validating, documenting, and profiling data.
TFX Data Validation (TFDV): A TensorFlow library for analyzing and validating machine learning
data.
Pandas Profiling: Generates data quality reports for quick validation.
PyDeequ: A Python wrapper for Deequ, used for validating large-scale data.

4. Steps in Data Validation

1. Define Data Validation Rules:


Establish constraints like data types, ranges, and uniqueness requirements.
2. Perform Data Profiling:
Use tools to analyze the data's structure and detect inconsistencies.
3. Implement Automated Validation:
Write scripts to apply the rules programmatically.
4. Handle Invalid Data:
Remove, correct, or impute problematic data based on the context.
5. Monitor Data Quality:
Continuously validate new incoming data to maintain quality.

5. Example in Python

Here’s a simple example using Pandas:

python

import pandas as pd

# Sample dataset
data = pd.DataFrame({
'Age': [25, 30, -5, None, 40],
'Salary': [50000, None, 45000, 60000, 70000]
})

# Schema validation: Checking data types


print("Data Types:")
print(data.dtypes)

# Null value validation


print("\nNull Value Check:")
print(data.isnull().sum())

# Range validation: Age should be positive


print("\nRange Validation (Age):")
print(data['Age'] < 0)

# Handling invalid data


# Filling missing values

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data['Age'] = data['Age'].fillna(data['Age'].median())
data['Salary'] = data['Salary'].fillna(data['Salary'].mean())

# Removing invalid rows


data = data[data['Age'] >= 0]
print("\nCleaned Data:")
print(data)

6. Real-World Applications

Credit Risk Analysis: Ensuring financial data consistency before modeling.


Healthcare: Validating patient records for clinical data modeling.
E-commerce: Cleaning product catalog data to improve recommendation systems.

By validating data effectively, machine learning practitioners ensure that models are trained on high-
quality datasets, leading to better performance and reliability.

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