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Matlab Commands 02-12-21

The document outlines the steps to plot graphs in MATLAB, including defining the variable range, the function, and using the plot command. It provides examples of plotting functions like y = x and y = x^2, as well as adding titles, labels, grid lines, and colors to enhance the graphs. Additionally, it explains how to create subplots and set axis scales for better visualization.

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11 views7 pages

Matlab Commands 02-12-21

The document outlines the steps to plot graphs in MATLAB, including defining the variable range, the function, and using the plot command. It provides examples of plotting functions like y = x and y = x^2, as well as adding titles, labels, grid lines, and colors to enhance the graphs. Additionally, it explains how to create subplots and set axis scales for better visualization.

Uploaded by

zahidnaeembestsmile
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To plot the graph of a function, you need to take the following steps −

 Define x, by specifying the range of values for the variable x, for which the function is
to be plotted
 Define the function, y = f(x)
 Call the plot command, as plot(x, y)

Following example would demonstrate the concept. Let us plot the simple function y = x for the
range of values for x from 0 to 100, with an increment of 5.

Create a script file and type the following code −

x = [0:5:100];
y = x;
plot(x, y)

When you run the file, MATLAB displays the following plot −

Let us take one more example to plot the function y = x2. In this example, we will draw two
graphs with the same function, but in second time, we will reduce the value of increment. Please
note that as we decrease the increment, the graph becomes smoother.

Create a script file and type the following code −

x = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10];
x = [-100:20:100];
y = x.^2;
plot(x, y)

When you run the file, MATLAB displays the following plot −
Change the code file a little, reduce the increment to 5 −

x = [-100:5:100];
y = x.^2;
plot(x, y)

MATLAB draws a smoother graph −

Adding Title, Labels, Grid Lines and Scaling on the Graph


MATLAB allows you to add title, labels along the x-axis and y-axis, grid lines and also to adjust
the axes to spruce up the graph.

 The xlabel and ylabel commands generate labels along x-axis and y-axis.
 The title command allows you to put a title on the graph.
 The grid on command allows you to put the grid lines on the graph.
 The axis equal command allows generating the plot with the same scale factors and the
spaces on both axes.
 The axis square command generates a square plot.

Example

Create a script file and type the following code −

x = [0:0.01:10];
y = sin(x);
plot(x, y), xlabel('x'), ylabel('Sin(x)'), title('Sin(x) Graph'),
grid on, axis equal

MATLAB generates the following graph −

Drawing Multiple Functions on the Same Graph


You can draw multiple graphs on the same plot. The following example demonstrates the
concept −

Example

Create a script file and type the following code −


x = [0 : 0.01: 10];
y = sin(x);
g = cos(x);
plot(x, y, x, g, '.-'), legend('Sin(x)', 'Cos(x)')

MATLAB generates the following graph −

Setting Colors on Graph


MATLAB provides eight basic color options for drawing graphs. The following table shows the
colors and their codes −

Code Color
w White
k Black
b Blue
r Red
c Cyan
g Green
m Magenta
y Yellow

Example

Let us draw the graph of two polynomials

 f(x) = 3x4 + 2x3+ 7x2 + 2x + 9 and


 g(x) = 5x3 + 9x + 2
Create a script file and type the following code −

x = [-10 : 0.01: 10];


y = 3*x.^4 + 2 * x.^3 + 7 * x.^2 + 2 * x + 9;
g = 5 * x.^3 + 9 * x + 2;
plot(x, y, 'r', x, g, 'g')

When you run the file, MATLAB generates the following graph −

Setting Axis Scales


The axis command allows you to set the axis scales. You can provide minimum and maximum
values for x and y axes using the axis command in the following way −

axis ( [xmin xmax ymin ymax] )

The following example shows this −

Example

Create a script file and type the following code −

x = [0 : 0.01: 10];
y = exp(-x).* sin(2*x + 3);
plot(x, y), axis([0 10 -1 1])

When you run the file, MATLAB generates the following graph −
Generating Sub-Plots
When you create an array of plots in the same figure, each of these plots is called a subplot. The
subplot command is used for creating subplots.

Syntax for the command is −

subplot(m, n, p)

where, m and n are the number of rows and columns of the plot array and p specifies where to
put a particular plot.

Each plot created with the subplot command can have its own characteristics. Following example
demonstrates the concept −

Example

Let us generate two plots −

y = e−1.5xsin(10x)

y = e−2xsin(10x)

Create a script file and type the following code −

x = [0:0.01:5];
y = exp(-1.5*x).*sin(10*x);
subplot(1,2,1)
plot(x,y), xlabel('x'),ylabel('exp(–1.5x)*sin(10x)'),axis([0 5 -1 1])
y = exp(-2*x).*sin(10*x);
subplot(1,2,2)
plot(x,y),xlabel('x'),ylabel('exp(–2x)*sin(10x)'),axis([0 5 -1 1])

When you run the file, MATLAB generates the following graph −

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