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SAP Cloud for Customer

Document Version: CLOUD – 2024-11-19

SAP Cloud for Customer Analytics Guide

© 2024 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

THE BEST RUN

Content

1 Overview of Analytics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1 Data Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Key Figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Characteristic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

2 Scope and Configure Analytics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1 Create and Edit a Report Using the Report Wizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2 Work with Reports and Plans in Microsoft Excel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Analytic Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Planning Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3 Create and Edit a Navigation Target. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.4 Assign Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.5 Reports View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.6 Access and Run Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.7 Work with Reports in a Web Browser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Functions in the Content Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Functions in the Navigation Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Working with the More Actions Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Working with Selections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Working with Filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Analytical Navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Chart Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Result Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Sort Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Add a Field to a Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.8 Work with Embedded Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Embedded Reports in Summary PDF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
3.9 Work with Mobile Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.10 Role Based Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.11 Example Report: Display the Last Logon Date and Timestamp for Active Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

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4 Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
4.1 Types of Data Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
4.2 Create and Edit a Combined Data Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4.3 Create and Edit a Joined Data Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.4 Create and Edit a Cloud Data Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Access Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Upload Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Upload/Download Cloud Data Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Data Types for Cloud Data Source Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.5 Preview a Data Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.6 Add Extension Fields to Data Sources and Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Work with Multivalue Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

5 Key Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

5.1 Create and Edit a Key Figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5.2 Create Dynamic UI Labels for Restricted Key Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
5.3 Add Extension Fields as Key Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
5.4 Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
5.5 Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
5.6 Cumulate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5.7 Local Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
5.8 Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

6 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

6.1 Create and Edit a KPI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
6.2 Configure a Headline KPI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
6.3 Configure KPI on the Headline Tile in the Homepage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
6.4 Preview KPIs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
6.5 Define Life Cycle Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

7 Broadcasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

8 Dashboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
8.1 Create Dashboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8.2 Use Interactive Dashboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

9 Common Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

9.1 Configure Business User Actions in a Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
9.2 Buffer Hierarchies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
9.3 Work with Relative Selections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
9.4 Restrict Edit Rights to analytical objects based on an Org Unit or Business Role. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
9.5 Translate Analytical Report Texts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

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10 Integration with Central Analytics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
10.1 Integrate Data Using Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Extract Report Data Using OData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Configure URL Mashup for Third-Party Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
10.2 Integrate Data Using Data Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Extract Data from Data Sources Using OData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Integrate Analytics with an SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Monitoring Quick Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
10.3 Retrieve Analytics Data Using OData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Extract Report Data Using OData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Extract Data from Data Sources Using OData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

11 Integration with SAP Analytics Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

11.1 Integration Using ODATA Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
11.2 Integration with SAP Analytics Cloud, Embedded Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Convert Stories to Optimized Design Experience (ODE) Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
SAP Analytics Cloud FAQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

12 Analytics for Business Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

12.1 Use Interactive Dashboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
12.2 Analyzing Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
12.3 Analytics in Smartphones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

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1 Overview of Analytics

Analytics is integrated in the solution to support and monitor business processes, helping you to make
informed decisions.

Using the extensive and flexible business analytics features, you can easily create custom reports using the
guided procedures and then control the visibility of those reports by assigning them only to specific work
centers as well as individual business roles. If you've defined custom fields in your solution, you can also add
them to data sources or reports, your own or those delivered with the solution. In addition, you can join or
combine heterogeneous data sources, again your own, or those delivered with the solution, as well as create
custom calculated measures and comparison metrics.

Reports can be accessed from the Reports view of the Analysis work center and are also embedded on the
home page. The Analytics data in the solution is real time. There's no persistency in a separate Business
Warehouse layer. Analytics data in the solution is also access context sensitive. This means that data sources
are associated with access contexts to ensure that data is directed to users who are allowed to view the data.

Before You Get Started

• Determine whether or not you want to be able to assign reports to business roles. This option provides
you more flexibility than just work center assignment alone. You've to enable role assignment during
the fine-tuning step of completing the activity list for your implementation. Refer to the guide for more
information.
• If you want to see real data rather than just test data when you're creating and reviewing your custom
reports, you must enable that option on the activity for Administrator Analytics — Settings.
• Also during Administrator Analytics — Settings, we recommend that you don't select the Allow Extended
Access checkbox, as this can cause reports to include and display data even if a user isn't authorized to see
that information.

Creating a Report

The following graphic represents the general process for creating a report:

For a detailed description of all the features and tasks available for business analytics, see the Individual
sections in this guide.

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 Creating a Report Using Business Analytics

1.1 Data Source

An object containing key figures and characteristics, which provides a multidimensional, analytical view of
business data.

Data sources are associated with a specified access context or can be unrestricted.

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 Example of a data source

When you start the report creation process with the Report Wizard the first step is to select a data source. The
solution ships with several pre-defined data sources. You can create and edit your own data sources to suit your
business requirements and processes and use your data sources for reporting. To create your data sources,
you combine or join data sources to merge data into a new data source. You can also create a data source by
importing external information, and this data source can be correlated with sales volume, or ticket processing.

1.2 Key Figure

A field according to which values are selected. Key figures are data items with numeric values and have
an associated unit of measure or currency assigned. Some examples are pipeline value, Invoice Net Value,
Purchase Order Quantity or tickets in queue.

1.2.1 Key Figure Grid

A group consisting of a key figure structure and a characteristic structure for reporting on two axes.

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The access context of a key figure grid is that of the underlying data source.

Example of a key figure grid with data

1.2.2 Key Figure Structure

A group of predefined key figures for reporting on one axis. Key figures in the structure can be calculated or
restricted.

The access context of a key figure structure is that of the underlying data source.

Example of a key figure structure with data

You can refine the data appearing in key figures by setting up restricted or calculated key figures.

• A restricted key figure is a key figure restricted to a specified characteristic value, and is often created for
comparison metrics.
• A calculated key figure is a key figure determined using calculation rules or formulas. You can create a
calculated key figure from existing key figures in the selected data source.

 Note

Sales

• You choose an existing figure — revenue, and restrict to last year, in the US. When you run the report
you can see total today compared to last year's US total revenue.
• You want to find the incremental revenue per day invested in a sales cycle, if the opportunity is worth
100K, and the sales cycle starts on 1 January and ends 20 February. You create a calculation to divide
the total revenue (100K) by the fifty-one days in the time period.

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 Service

Suppose you have created your own set of user statuses (for example, pending engineering review) The key
figure, counter, shows how many tickets are in this status

• Start from the existing key figure, counter. Restrict the new key figure to the status “pending
engineering review”. This restricted key figure can be used in your report that only shows the key
figure, which can then be used as a dashboard tile.
• You want to know new or in process percentage pending engineering review. You create a new key
figure, and calculate the percentage.

1.3 Characteristic

A field according to which values are selected. Characteristics are alphanumeric, numeric, or text values.
Examples include Product ID, Supplier, and Purchase Order Status. Variables are often associated with
specified characteristics. Variables restrict characteristics to one or more specified value selections.

1.3.1 Characteristic Structure

A group of predefined characteristic elements in a key figure grid.

Characteristic elements are characteristics that can be calculated or restricted.

The access context of a characteristic structure is that of the underlying data source.

Example of a characteristic structure with data

Select characteristics for restricted key figures, for example: account, opportunity, country/region, or industry.
You can also set properties to define additional behavior for a specific characteristic.

• Display Settings: Define how the characteristic appears and is used in the report.
• Value Selections: Add restrictions to the characteristic values that appears in the report.
• Hierarchy Settings: Define how any hierarchical data associated with the characteristic is used in the
report. For example, display the customer characteristic by location.

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1.4 Report

A compilation of data for analysis. Reports show values derived from key figures and characteristics in data
sources, key figure structures, and key figure grids.

Example of a report

1.5 Views

Views enable you to set up one or more variations on which key figures and characteristics appear in the
report, and the type of chart that appears for the report. Once you assign a report to a work center, you can
select the view which appears in the end user reports list. You create a view by choosing key figures and
characteristics for columns and rows in a table, then selecting a chart type to best represent that data. When
you create a view you can also define conditions and exceptions for key figures that alter how your data is
presented based on rules and thresholds.

• Conditions: Create a condition to limit the data shown to that which fits the defined rules.
• Exceptions: Set a threshold beyond which the data display is altered to display an alert indicator.

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2 Scope and Configure Analytics

Administrators can configure Analytics using scoping, scoping questions, and fine-tuning activities.

Scoping questions and fine-tuning activities that are self-explanatory may not be included in this list.

2.1 Configure Settings for Analytics Administrator

Configure settings so that administrators can assign browser-based reports and Microsoft Excel® workbooks to
work center views.

 Caution

This document contains details and instructions regarding configuration settings. Such settings are
performed by an administrator. If you do not have the required authorization, contact your administrator.

To find this activity, go to the Business Configuration Implementation Projects view. Select your
implementation project and click Open Activity List. Select the Fine-Tune phase, then select the activity from
the activity list.

Administrators for Analytics can assign browser-based reports and Microsoft Excel® workbooks to work center
views. Business users are thereby granted the access to the report and the authorizations to start the report.
The system checks if the data source of the report and the work center view have a common access context.
This ensures that business users can only access data in the report that they are authorized to view. When
business users are assigned access rights for a work center view in the User and Access Management work
center view, access rights for specified reports are also assigned.

By default, the Allow Extended Access indicator is not set. If you set the indicator, you have to put other controls
for your administrator for Analytics in place to ensure controlled read access of data. These controls must
meet your compliance criteria. Note that the system tracks report assignments with non matching access
contexts for auditing reasons. You can view report assignments using the Report Assignment Details report.

By default, the Show Real Data indicator is not set. If you set the indicator, administrators for Analytics can view
real data when they preview data sources in the Design Data Sources work center view. Real data is also then
displayed when administrators for Analytics view reports in the Design Reports work center view.

By default, the Allow Assignment indicator is not set. If you set the indicator, administrators for Analytics can
assign business roles to analytical objects. To be able to use this feature, maintain business roles for users
before selecting this option. You must then assign all the reports to the business roles in the Design Reports
work center view before they are available to the business users.

By default, the Select E-mail Address dropdown is set to System. This means that when you send a report,
the receiver will get an e-mail from the default e-mail ID that is set up by the administrators. However, if you
select the option as Logged-in User, you can e-mail a report using the e-mail ID that you are logged-in with.
The receiver will be able to respond back to you on the same e-mail address.

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Related Information

Assign Reports to Business Roles [page 38]

Restrict access to certain reports by assigning them to specific business roles.

2.2 Configure E-Mail Encryption and Signature Check

Configure e-mail encryption and signature check for different e-mail scenarios.

 Caution

This document contains details and instructions regarding configuration settings. Such settings are
normally performed by an administrator. If you do not have the required authorization, contact your
administrator.

To find this activity, go to the Business Configuration Implementation Projects view. Select your
implementation project and click Open Activity List. Select the Fine-Tune phase, then select the activity from
the activity list.

In your solution, you can increase security in e-mails by decrypting incoming e-mails and checking them for
trustworthy signatures, as well as by encrypting and signing outgoing e-mails. In this configuration activity,
preconfigured e-mail scenarios are provided. You can specify e-mail encryption and signature check for each
e-mail scenario as follows:

E-Mails Encryption/Decryption Signature

Incoming Encrypted e-mails are decrypted auto- Outgoing Specify encryption of e-mails
matically

Outgoing Specify encryption of e-mails Specify signing of e-mails

Outgoing e-mails are encrypted using the Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) standard.

Your solution tries to decrypt encrypted incoming e-mails. If this fails, it sends an e-mail notification to the
sender.

Prerequisites

The signature check is done using the list of certificates of the trusted Certification Authorities (CA) listed
in your solution. You can find this list under Administrator Common Tasks Configure S/MIME or in
the Load Certificates and Activate Signing and Encryption for E-Mails activity in Business Configuration, in the
Integrate and Extend phase of the activity list. You can activate the settings that you have specified in this
fine-tune activity.

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Incoming E-Mail

In the Signature column you specify whether the signature should be checked.

 Note

Business partners send their e-mails to the e-mail addresses listed in this fine-tune activity, depending on
the e-mail scenario. These e-mail addresses are provided by SAP. You cannot change the e-mail addresses
in this fine-tune activity.

Outgoing E-Mail

In the Encryption column you specify whether the e-mails should be sent encrypted, and in the Signature
column you specify whether the e-mail should be signed.

You can specify one of the following options for encryption of e-mails:

Encryption Options

Option Description

Encrypt The system encrypts e-mails before sending them. If it can-

not encrypt an e-mail, the system displays an error mes-
sage.

Encrypt if Possible The system encrypts e-mails before sending them. If it can-
not encrypt an e-mail, the system sends an unencrypted
e-mail.

Do Not Encrypt The system does not encrypt e-mails.

 Note

To send encrypted e-mails to your business partner, your system must store a certificate from your
business partner.

2.3 Load Certificates and Activate Signing and Encryption

for E-Mails

Your SAP solution enables you to encrypt outgoing e-mails and check the signature of incoming e-mails by
using the Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) standard.

You can use this function for e-mail communication between your system and your employees, in e-mail
scenarios provided by SAP (for example, self-service or approval scenarios).

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  Caution

This document contains details and instructions regarding configuration settings. Such settings are
normally performed by an administrator. If you do not have the required authorization, contact your
administrator.

To find this activity, go to the Business Configuration Implementation Projects view. Select your
implementation project and click Open Activity List. Select the Integrate and Extend phase, then select the
activity from the activity list.

In this configuration activity, you can upload the certificate of your trusted Certification Authority (CA) and
activate the signature check and encryption of e-mails.

Prerequisites

• All employees who are supposed to use S/MIME must have a workplace e-mail address and an e-mail
certificate installed in their e-mail client.
• Your employees must use one of the following e-mail clients:
• Microsoft® Outlook®
• Mozilla® Thunderbird®
• Apple® Mail
• The Encryption and Signatures for E-Mails and Load Certificates and Activate Signing and Encryption for
E-Mails configuration activities are enabled in your solution.
To find the related business option, go to the Business Configuration work center and choose the
Implementation Projects view. Select your implementation project and click Edit Project Scope. In the
Scoping step of the project, under Built in Service and Support, ensure that System Management is
selected. In the Questions step, expand the Built-in Service and Support scoping element and select
System Management. Select Security and answer the question related to E-Mail Security.
• You have completed the Encryption and Signatures for E-Mails activity.
To find this activity, go to the Business Configuration Implementation Projects view. Select your
implementation project and click Open Activity List. Select the Fine-Tune phase, then select the activity
from the activity list.

Tasks

• Upload Certificate of the Certification Authority

1. Choose Manage CA Certificates.
2. Select the e-mail addresses for which you want to upload the CA certificate.
3. Click Upload CA Certificate and select the certificate of your trusted CA.
• Upload the Employee’s S/MIME Certificate for E-Mail Encryption
You can upload the employee’s S/MIME certificate by performing one of the following options:
• Upload certificate automatically: The employee sends an e-mail to security@<system ID>.com. When
the system receives the e-mail, the certificate is automatically uploaded.

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 • Upload certificate manually by administrator:
1. Go to Administrator General Settings Users Business Users and select the business
user for whom you want to upload the certificate
2. Click Manage Certificates.
3. Click Upload S/MIME Certificate and choose the relevant certificate file
4. Save your changes.
• Upload certificate manually by employee:
1. Choose Personalize My Settings .
2. Click Manage Certificates
3. Click Upload S/MIME Certificate and choose the relevant certificate file.
4. Save your changes.
• Activate E-Mail Encryption and Signature Check
Once you have uploaded all employees’ S/MIME certificates, you can activate the S/MIME functions either
in this business configuration activity or in Administrator Common Tasks Configure S/MIME at a
later point in time.
1. Choose Activate S/MIME.
2. To activate the signature check set the Check Signature of Incoming E-Mails checkbox.
3. To activate E-Mail encryption set the Encrypt Outgoing E-Mails checkbox.
4. Save your changes.
• Renew S/MIME Certificate
1. Select the certificate to be renewed.
2. Click Renew S/MIME Certificate.
3. Click Save.

2.4 Enable Reporting on Fiscal Year

This configuring activity contains all settings for a fiscal year, such as the number of accounting periods.

You can also define a custom fiscal year variant, for example if your accounting periods are not calendar
months. This is the case, for example, with the commonly used 4–4–5 calendar, which is permitted by U.S.
GAAP. You can define as many separate fiscal year variants as needed, for example if different companies in
your group require different calendars.

 Note

This document contains details and instructions regarding configuration settings. Such settings are
normally performed by an administrator. If you do not have the required authorization, contact your
administrator.

To find this activity, go to Business Configuration Implementation Projects . Select your implementation
project and click Open Activity List. Select the Fine-Tune phase, and then select Enable Reporting on Fiscal Year
from the activity list.

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Prerequisites

To be able to define a fiscal year variant, select the Enable Fiscal Year for Reporting option in Scoping in the
Questions step.

Tasks

• Activate Fiscal Year Variant: Activating a fiscal year variant creates the fiscal year and accounting period
data for ten fiscal years so that the variant can be used in analytical reports. The data is generated for five
fiscal years in the past, the current fiscal year, and four future fiscal years. To do this, choose a fiscal year
variant and click on the Activate Fiscal Year button.
• Set Default Fiscal Year Variant: The analytical reports show only the data of the default fiscal year variant.
At any given point in time, there can be multiple fiscal year variants which are active, but only one can be
the default. To set a variant as default, choose a fiscal year variant and click on the Set as Default button.
• Generate Fiscal Year Data: This allows you to create fiscal year and accounting period data for a fiscal year
variant in addition to the data already created upon activation. This is possible only for active fiscal year
variants. To do this, choose an active fiscal year variant and click on the Generate Fiscal Year Data button.
This will open a dialog box where you can enter the fiscal years for which data should be generated.
• Create New Fiscal Year Template: You can define a custom fiscal year variant if your accounting periods
are not calendar months, or if you want to create a variant that is already not delivered by SAP. You must
specify the fiscal year variant details and define an accounting period template from which the actual fiscal
year and accounting period data can be created. To create a fiscal year variant, follow these steps:
1. Click New Custom Fiscal Year Template . This opens up a new window where you can specify the
following details of the new variant:
• Fiscal Year Variant: A two-character code that starts with a letter.
• Number of Accounting Period: The number of accounting periods that your fiscal year covers in a
normal situation.
• Relationship of Fiscal Year to Calendar Year: If you define a non-calendar fiscal year, specify
whether the beginning or ending month is within the calendar year of a particular fiscal year.
2. Click Create Periods to generate the default template accounting periods. You can specify which rules
the system uses to determine the accounting periods for a particular fiscal year by entering the
following details:
• Start Day: Enter the calendar day on which the accounting period starts.
• Start Month: Enter the calendar month on which the accounting period starts.
• Description: You can enter a short and long description for the period. The descriptions are
displayed when the periods are opened and closed.
• Fiscal Quarter: Enter a single digit numeric value specifying the fiscal quarter to which the
accounting the period belongs. For example: 1,2, 3,4.
• Fiscal Half: Enter a single digit numeric value specifying the fiscal half to which the accounting the
period belongs. For example: 1,2.
You can also change the number of accounting periods after specifying the accounting period details.
To do this, click on the Delete Periods button. This deletes all the existing periods and makes the
Number of Accounting Periods fields editable once again.
3. Save your fiscal variant.

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 Once this is done, you can go back to the previous screen to create the actual fiscal year and accounting
period data for your new variant.
• Create Year-Specific Variant: You can also define a year-specific variant if your accounting periods are
not calendar months, or if you want to create a variant that is already not delivered by SAP, or if the
accounting period details vary for each fiscal year. You must specify the fiscal year variant details and
define accounting periods and accounting period data for each fiscal year. To create a year-specific variant,
follow these steps:
1. Click New Year Specific Variant . This opens a new window where you can specify the following
details of the new variant:
• Fiscal Year Variant: A two-character code that starts with a letter.
• Description: To identify your variant, enter a small description .
2. Click OK to create the variant. The system shows you the details of the fiscal year variant in the lower
part of your screen.
3. In the Fiscal Year Details tab, enter the number of accounting periods for each fiscal year of the
year-specific fiscal year variant.
4. In the Period Details tab, enter the following details:
• Start Date: Enter the date on which the accounting period starts.
• End Date: Enter the date on which the accounting period ends.
• Description: You can enter a short and long description for the period. The descriptions are
displayed when the periods are opened and closed.
• Fiscal Quarter and Fiscal Half: Select the desired option from the dropdown.
5. Save your entries..

 Note

• If you want to make any changes to the number of accounting periods for a fiscal year, you can make it
in the Fiscal Year Details tab only. This is not possible in the Period Details tab.
• The Generate Fiscal Year Data and Activate Fiscal Year Variant buttons will not be enabled for year-
specific variants.

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3 Reports

In the Design Reports view, administrators can create and edit their own reports to suit their business
requirements and processes.

You can access the Design Reports view from the Business Analytics or Administrator work centers.

Background

You use Analytics objects in the system to create your reports. Data from key figures and characteristics in a
data source or a key figure group serves as the basis for your reports.

 Note

You can decide whether report data sent by e-mail is to be encrypted. If you want to encrypt outgoing
e-mails, you must make changes to your scoping. From the E-mail Encryption and Signature Check fine-
tune activity, you can specify for the Analytics - Send Report Data, Broadcasting outgoing e-mail scenario
whether outgoing e-mails are encrypted and whether they are signed.

For more information, see Load Certificates and Activate Signing and Encryption for E-Mails [page 13] and
Configuration: E-Mail Encryption and Signature Check [page 12].

Create and Edit a Report Using the Report Wizard [page 19]
Administrators can create and edit reports that they create using the Report Wizard.

Work with Reports and Plans in Microsoft Excel [page 23]

The SAP add-in for Microsoft Excel enables you to run ad-hoc analysis, create workbooks, create plan
data, and define sales targets.

Create and Edit a Navigation Target [page 34]

From the Design Reports work center view, administrators can create navigation targets in a selected
target report to which business users can navigate from a source report.

Assign Reports [page 37]

As an administrator, you can create and assign reports to work centers and work center views,
making them available to business users. You can also restrict access to certain reports by additionally
assigning them to specific business roles.

Reports View [page 40]

The solution delivers predefined content for reports that are defined in your scope. Reports can also
be defined by administrators for business users. The Reports view is a central access point to reports
associated with a work center.

Access and Run Reports [page 41]

Business users can access and run reports that have been assigned to them.

Work with Reports in a Web Browser [page 41]

Working with reports in a Web Browser allows you to execute ad hoc analyses. You can open reports
from the reports list in the Reports view and from embedded reports.

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 Work with Embedded Reports [page 87]
As an administrator, you can select reports and embed them in the UI. You can also map the data
between the UI fields and the embedded report fields so that the system filters the report data based
on the supplied mapping.

Work with Mobile Reports [page 89]

Mobile reports are browser-based reports that you can enable for mobile devices.

Role Based Access [page 90]

Restrict access to certain reports by assigning them to specific business roles.

Example Report: Display the Last Logon Date and Timestamp for Active Users [page 92]
Lists the steps involved in creating a report.

3.1 Create and Edit a Report Using the Report Wizard

Administrators can create and edit reports that they create using the Report Wizard.

The Report Wizard guided activity is available from the following locations:

• From the Design Reports work center view by clicking New, and then choosing Report or Report As Copy.
• From the Design Data Sources work center view by clicking New, and then choosing Report.

After you've assigned reports to work center views, they're available in the Reports work center view of the
Analysis work center. Business users can then create their own personal report views.

 Note

Administrators can create public report views and public selections, that is, a saved set of value selections
for variables and filter values, in the Business Analytics work center. Administrators create public report
views and public selections with the report in a web browser.

The public report views and public selections are then available with the corresponding reports.

Procedure

1. Define Report and Select Data Source.

Note that because the complexity of some SAP delivered Analytics content, not all data sources and the
objects they include are available to administrators to create key figures, data sources, and reports.

 Note

You don't have to complete all steps; only the first step is mandatory. This is indicated by an asterisk
(*).

You can create a report by entering a name, selecting a data source, and clicking Finish.

1. Enter a name and description for the report.

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 We recommend providing a description for the report so that the business user can identify the use of
the report after you've assigned the report to the relevant work center views and corresponding work
centers.
2. Select a data source for the report. A data source provides the characteristics and key figures used in a
report. It also serves as the basis for further reporting objects, such as key figure structures or grids.
To select a data source, you can either enter the ID or select a data source from the value selection.

 Note

When you select a data source, one or more supported access contexts are displayed. When you
assign the report to a work center or work center view, the access context of the report and the
work center or work center view should match.

3. You can also set further properties for the report:

• Enable for Mobile Device
By selecting the checkbox, the report type is set to Mobile Report. For more information, see
Working with Mobile Reports [page 89].
• Only for Master Data
By selecting the checkbox, you can create a report without any key figures. The system then skips
step 2. This is useful if you want to create list reports, such as a list of customers.
• If the report you want to create is a copy of a report that has navigation targets, the Copy With
Navigation checkbox is also available. By selecting the checkbox, the system also copies the
navigation targets in the source report to your report. Note that UI-based navigation isn't copied.
For information about how business users navigate in reports, see Analytical Navigation [page
53].
2. Select Key Figures.
In this step, you select the key figures to be used in the report. From the Show dropdown list, you've the
following options:
• All
All key figures and key figure groups available in a data source are displayed.
• Customer Created Key Figures
Key figures created by administrators are displayed.
• Key Figure Group
Using this selection option, you can choose either a key figure structure or a key figure grid.
• Key Figures
• Selected Key Figure Group / Key Figures
You can also create calculated and restricted key figures by clicking Create.
3. Select Characteristics
The characteristics that are available in the data source are listed. Dimensions, that is, the criterion by
which characteristics are categorized, can assist you in selecting relevant characteristics. Characteristics
may be selected by default.
To determine whether the characteristic has a predefined restriction or if it has a variable associated with
it, you can add the Has Variable and Value Selection columns.
To add the columns, click Personalize, select This Page option, and then select the fields from the list.
If the characteristic has No Value Selection, there are no predefined restrictions. You can create restrictions
or add a variable in the next step.
4. Define Characteristic Properties.
For each characteristic available, maintain the following properties.

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 • Display Settings
• The Display in Report checkbox shows whether a characteristic is displayed in the Not Currently
Shown list in the navigation pane when the report is displayed in a web browser. If the checkbox
isn't selected, the characteristic can still be used in the Selection area in the report and for
restricted key figures.
• To change the name of characteristics that are displayed to business users in a report, you
can rename characteristics. In the Rename Characteristic To field, enter the new name of the
characteristic.
• By selecting the Show Master Data Value checkbox, you can display the values of a characteristic
in the report regardless of whether there are key figure values.

 Note

By selecting the Show Master Data Value checkbox for the Customer characteristic, all
customers are displayed in the report.

• Value Selections
Any defined value selections are also listed. The following table describes the options available under
Value Selection.

Value Description

No Value Selection The characteristic isn't restricted.

Using Variable The characteristic can be restricted using a variable.

If you select Using Variable, the characteristic can be re-

stricted to one or more value selections using a variable.
In the Define Variables step, you can maintain properties
for the variable.

On the variable screen, you can restrict the characteris-

tic using a variable or save a set of value selections for
the selection.

Fixed Value Selection You can set fixed value selections for the selected char-
acteristics.

Note that if the characteristic is already restricted to

one or more fixed value selections you can't change
fixed value selections.

If you select Fixed Value Selection, Set Fixed Value

Selections is active.

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 Value Description

Using Complex Restriction The characteristic is restricted using one or more com-
plex restriction rules that are defined in a key figure
structure or key figure grid. You can't change the re-
striction.

For example, the One Year Ago characteristic that is

used in the key figure grid belonging to the data source
is restricted using a relative selection.

Using Inherited Variable The characteristic is restricted using an inherited varia-

ble. You can't change the restriction.

For example, the characteristic is restricted using a vari-

able from an underlying data source.

• Hierarchy Settings
Any defined hierarchy settings are also listed. The following table describes the options available under
Hierarchy.

Value Description

No Hierarchy No hierarchy is available for the characteristic.

Using Variable The characteristic hierarchy can be restricted using a

variable.

Fixed Hierarchy The characteristic hierarchy is restricted to display the

characteristic by an attribute. For example, to display
the Customer characteristic by location.

Via Inherited Variable The characteristic hierarchy is restricted using an inher-

ited variable.

You can't change the restriction.

5. Define Variables.
For each variable available, maintain the selection type and any default values if necessary.
The selection type indicates how values for the variable can be selected, such as single values, multiple
values, interval, or any selection. You can also maintain default values.
6. Review and Confirmation
Review the report. In the Confirmation step, you can display the report in a web browser to create a layout
for the report, assign the report to a work center view, or create another report.

 Note

In the Business Analytics work center, when you view reports, generated test data is displayed
regardless of whether the report is assigned to a work center view to which you have access rights
as a business user.

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 To view the report with real data, you must open the report from a Reports work center view in the
Analysis work center.

3.2 Work with Reports and Plans in Microsoft Excel

The SAP add-in for Microsoft Excel enables you to run ad-hoc analysis, create workbooks, create plan data, and
define sales targets.

• Microsoft Excel-Based Reporting

You can open reports from the workbooks and reports list in the Reports work center view by clicking
View With and choosing the Microsoft Excel option. You can also open reports directly in Microsoft Excel by
logging on the SAP system.
Administrators can create design workbooks and make them available for business users from the
Business Analytics work center.
• Microsoft Excel-Based Planning
To overcome the limitations of the conventional approach of planning in spreadsheets, business planning
consists of features to enable planners to efficiently obtain and work with planning data in business
environments.

 Note

The functions of the add-in for Microsoft Excel are restricted or not available when using the Microsoft
object linking and embedding (OLE) feature. We therefore recommend not using this feature.

3.2.1 Analytic Features

The analytic features in the add-in tab enable you to save workbooks to the solution system.

You can also use available Microsoft Excel functions. Depending on your access rights, different workbooks
and reports are available. Saved workbooks are then available from different work center views. Note that the
functions available to you depend on your access rights and the work center view assignments; the reports you
work with in a web browser are also available using the add-in for Microsoft Excel.

 Note

To view and work with Microsoft Excel-based reports and plans, ensure that the add-in for Microsoft Excel is
installed.

You can download the Microsoft Excel add-in by clicking Download option, on the top-right corner of the
solution.

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3.2.1.1 Administrators

Context

Administrators can create and edit public workbooks as follows:

Procedure

1. Open the public or personal workbook.

2. Switch to design mode by clicking Design Workbook.

If you want to view the workbook with generated test data, refresh the workbook.
3. Make any relevant changes and save.
4. Assign the workbook to the relevant work center views to make it public.

Note that if the workbook has already been assigned and is public, you do not need to assign the workbook
again.

3.2.1.2 Workbook Group

The workbook group provides functions to open and save workbooks and reports. You can also copy, remove,
and protect reports and worksheets.

• Open
Downloads and opens a workbook from the solution system.
• Save
Saves the workbook back to the solution system as a public workbook. You have the following options to
save workbooks to the solution system.
• Save All
The following options are available
• Save All
• Save Workbook
• Save Plan Data
• Save Workbook As New
• Switch Workbook Type
The follow table provides an overview of the workbooks available.

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 Workbook Type Description

Personal workbook A workbook that is adapted to the individual business

needs of a user. A personal workbook is only available
to the user who creates it. Any change to a personal work-
book is saved back to the solution system.

Public workbook A workbook that can be consumed by all users who have
the corresponding work center views assigned. Public
workbooks are read-only and can be adapted with person-
alized views and selections to the business needs of the
user.

Note that before a created workbook can be made public,

administrators must first save the workbook as a design
workbook.

Design workbook A workbook that only includes the layout without data
and is only available from the Business Analytics work
center. Since administrators in general are not allowed
to view business data, the data is deleted whenever you
store a design workbook. As soon as a design workbook is
assigned to a work center view, business users can use it
as a public workbook with real data.

• Insert Report
Inserts a report into the worksheet starting in the active cell.

 Note

By selecting the Paging checkbox, the system displays the first 50 rows of the report including the
column headers. Paging down shows the next 50 lines. This is useful if you want to start a report that
has large amounts of data.

By limiting the number of rows displayed, the system can display the report more quickly. You can still
filter or make value selections in order to display the data you want. Note that if you filter or make value
selections, the system displays the first page with the specified number of rows.

• Copy Report
Copies the report and any report views and variable values in order to paste it in a different location.
• Paste Report
Pastes the report and any report views and variable values that was last cut or copied into the active cell.
• Remove Report
Removes the report and any report views and variable values in order to paste it in a different location.
• Protect
Uses the Microsoft Excel function to protect the worksheet to prevent changes to all cells containing data
from the solution system.

3.2.1.3 Refresh Group

Refreshes the data in the report. You can also defer refreshing the report.

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• Refresh
Refreshes the data in the report.
• Refresh Current Report
Refreshes the data in the report that is currently selected.
• Refresh Worksheet When Activated
If this feature is active for a workbook, any reports on a sheet in the workbook are automatically
refreshed when the sheet is activated.
• Refresh Report
You can select a report to refresh from the list.
• Refresh All
• Defer Refresh
Defers refreshing the report until you refresh it manually. This function is useful, for example, if you make
multiple changes to a report, such as to the layout or you add another key figure or column.
• Paging
You can enter the number of rows you want to display. For example, rows 10 to 40. If you click the down
arrow, the system displays the next page with 30 rows, including the column headers.

3.2.1.4 View Group

Displays the report views that are available with a report. You can change the current report view.

In the view pane, you can save changes as a new report view. The view pane also enables you to select the
characteristics and key figures that are shown in the report.

• Displaying Characteristics and Hierarchies

For characteristics and hierarchies, you can specify in which format the individual characteristic values
of the characteristic are displayed. You can display characteristics and hierarchies as name, ID, or a
combination thereof.
• Sorting
You can also specify how characteristic values are sorted. You can sort characteristics displayed in rows
and columns according to the description or ID in ascending or descending order.
• Results Row
Using the values from the dropdown list, you can decide how the result is to be displayed. You can decide if
results are to be displayed or if results are to be displayed when there are at least two single values.
You can also activate and deactivate conditions that are either delivered with a report or that have been
defined for the report or report view in a Web browser. For more information, see Conditions [page 52].

3.2.1.5 Selection Group

You can display the set of value selections for variables that are available with a report. You can change the
current set of value selections. In the Selection pane, you can save changes as a new set of value selections for
variables.

You can also set filter values by selecting values in the report and clicking the Filter icon in the Selection group.
To remove the filter, click the corresponding icon.

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  Note

If you have multiple reports in a workbook and want to apply the same set of value selections, you can use
values from dedicated cells.

For example, you have multiple reports that all contain customers. You want to filter the data in the reports
to show data related to customer 1001.

On sheet 2, in cell D14, you enter 1001. In the Selection pane of the report, in the Customer variable entry
field, you enter =Sheet2!D14. After refreshing the report, data is filtered to customers 1001. Alternatively,
using Microsoft Excel® functionality, you can define a name for the referenced cell, such as Customer, and
enter the name instead of the address of the referenced cell in the Customer variable entry field; in this
case, you enter =Customer.

Note that this tip does not work for advanced restrictions, such as excluding a value or using intervals.

Also note that data in the workbook is not automatically refreshed if you change the entry in the referenced
cell.

3.2.1.6 Header Group

Enables you to insert a report header.

You can specify if the report name is to be displayed along with technical information about the report. The
header can be inserted either as a range of cells above the report or as a text box.

3.2.1.7 Report Group

Enables you to make further display settings.

• Navigate
Enables you to navigate to another report or to an overview document.
• Insert Chart
Enables you to insert a chart using Microsoft Excel functions. For information about Microsoft Excel chart
types and functions, see Microsoft Excel documentation.
• Switch Display Mode of Current Report
• Grid Display
Displays the report using the solution cell styles in the Microsoft Excel grid.
• PivotTable Display
Enables you to display the report as a PivotTable using Microsoft Excel functions. For information
about Microsoft Excel PivotTable functions, see Microsoft Excel documentation.
• Excel Table Display
Enables you to display the report as a Microsoft Excel table. Note that if you select this display mode,
the Microsoft Excel Design tab is displayed.
This display mode is useful, for example, if you want to filter or to sort data using Microsoft Excel
functions. For information, see Microsoft Excel documentation.

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• Settings
• Freeze Panes
Uses the Microsoft Excel freeze pane function to fix the header columns and rows.
• Format Report
Formats the report using the default SAP Business solution cell styles as listed under the Microsoft
Excel Home tab.
• Adjust to Complete Column
Adjusts the width of columns to the width of the longest value in each column.
• Adjust to Report Result
Adjusts the column width to the width of the longest value in the column.
• Use Outline for Hierarchies
Uses the Microsoft Excel outline function to group characteristic hierarchies by expansion level.
• Expand Rows to Level
You can choose the hierarchy level up to which the hierarchy is to be displayed when it is expanded.
• Merge Repeated Cells
You can specify whether every instance of a characteristic value is displayed in a row or column.
• Show Results First
You can specify how results are to be displayed. You can decide if they are to be displayed above rows
or to the left of columns.
• Arrange As Hierarchy
The system arranges characteristics in rows and in columns as a hierarchy. The row or column further
left serves as the tree structure into which characteristics to the right are inserted.
• Invert Hierarchies
The system inverts the hierarchy so that the hierarchy is displayed from bottom to top or from right to
left. You can decide to invert a hierarchy in rows and in columns.
• Suppress Zero Values
You can suppress columns or rows that contain zeros in your report.
• Show / Hide
• View
• Variables
• Planning
• Header
• Messages
You can specify if all messages or only errors are displayed. You can also decide if messages are
displayed on user request.

3.2.1.8 Assigning Workbooks

Administrators can assign workbooks to work center views, make them available to business users.

For more information, access the Help Center from the relevant screen.

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3.2.2 Planning Features

The planning features of the add-in tab enables you to create and edit plan data. Cells that are enabled for input
have a white background and become yellow when you change their value. Cells that are gray are read-only.

3.2.2.1 Refresh Group

• Refresh
Refreshes the data in the plan.
Depending on the planning application you are using, when you make entries in cells, the changes you
make are sent either synchronously or asynchronously.
• Upload Input (Asynchronous Sending including save)
When you click Upload Input, the changes you make to the plan data are transferred to the system
asynchronously, values are calculated, and the data is saved. You may need to wait before you can
make further changes to the plan.
While the system is calculating and saving, the related data in the cells is locked and is read only.
Although you can still change values in the sheet, you cannot upload the new values.
The only option is to refresh the data. If the system has completed the upload when you refresh, the
system reads the data again and overwrites all values. In this case, cells are available again for entries.
If the calculation is still in progress, a message about the progress of the upload is displayed.
Note that if you want all read-only cells to be protected against changes, click Protect in the Workbook
group.

 Note

Tips and Tricks When Uploading Input

• When you create a plan, reduce the amount of data to the relevant characteristic value
combinations, for example, account and cost center, that are required from a business
perspective.
• Before changing plan values, restrict the amount of data as much as possible by using
selection criteria for characteristic values in the Selection pane.
• If when changing plan values, the system takes a long time to transfer the data, consider
changing less data at one time. For example, you want to change the plan data in 500 cells;
change the data of the first 250 cells, upload, and then change the next 250 cells.
• If not needed from business perspective, avoid changing rows containing the Not Assigned
characteristic value. If the value is required, upload rows containing this value separately from
the rest of the data.
• If not needed from business perspective, avoid entering data on different aggregation levels,
such as subtotals and totals in Result rows.

• Send Input (Synchronous Sending excluding Save)

The changes you make to the plan data are sent to the system synchronously. You can continue to
make changes to the plan as soon as the system has finished calculating and is ready for data entry
again. Click Save Plan Data to save the data in the system.
• Refresh Current Report
Refreshes the data in the report that is currently selected.

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 • Refresh Worksheet When Activated
If this feature is active for a workbook, reports on a sheet in the workbook are automatically refreshed
when the sheet is activated.
• Refresh Report
You can select a report to refresh from the list.
• Refresh All
• Defer Refresh
Defers refreshing the report until you refresh it manually. This function is useful, for example, if you make
multiple changes to a report, such as to the layout or you add another key figure or column.
• Paging
You can enter the number of rows you want to display. For example, rows 10 to 40. If you click the down
arrow, the system displays the next page with 30 rows, including the column headers.

3.2.2.2 Planning Group

Enables you to plan at different levels and adjust values accordingly.

• Mark Selected
Marks cells that you select to be sent back to the system. By marking selected cells, you set the value for
the cell. The value therefore does not change when you redistribute values by clicking Refresh.
• Unmark All
Unmarks all selected cells.

The following example illustrates how values for sales and target planning can be distributed. Note that the
characteristics available for financial planning may differ.

 Note

You want to project revenue for your products and create a plan that contains the characteristics “Product”
and “Customer”. Each product is sold to several different customers but you only want to see how much
money you received for each product. You therefore choose a view that displays the aggregated revenue for
your products. Any changes that you make to the product revenue on this aggregated view are distributed
down to the individual customers for the relevant product.

The following figures are used to illustrate how the data is distributed.

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 • The estimated revenue for your Product 1 is USD 1000, for Product 2 USD 2000, and for Product 3 USD
3000. In the system, this information is distributed down to the customer level:

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• You then change the value for Product 1 from USD 1000 to USD 3000. The system recalculates the result
and again distributes all the values down to customer level in the same proportions:

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 • You then double the total revenue. The system distributes this over the three products in the same
proportions as at the beginning and also distributes this information down to customer level:

 Note

Note that if you have a value for equal distribution on more than one level of a hierarchy, it may not appear
to be distributed equally. The system distributes the value equally on the lowest level. The remainder is
then distributed equally on the lowest level before the results are aggregated to the next highest level.

Example

For example, You have 11 items to be distributed equally (without decimal places) on multiple levels in a
hierarchy.

The higher level has two nodes; one node has one branch; the other node has two branches. Thus, the lowest
level has three nodes.

Equal distribution results in each lowest-level node having the value 3. The remainder is then distributed on
the lowest level. This results in two lowest-level nodes having the value 4, and one lowest-level node having the
value 3.

Once aggregated to a higher level, one higher-level node has the value 4. The other higher-level node has the
value 7.

The result is displayed below.

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3.3 Create and Edit a Navigation Target

From the Design Reports work center view, administrators can create navigation targets in a selected target
report to which business users can navigate from a source report.

Context

You can define how values are transferred to the corresponding characteristic or variable. Report-to-report
navigation is useful for further analysis of report data. For example, a business user has the Purchase Orders
per Supplier source report , containing purchase order IDs. When a business user clicks a purchase order ID
in the report, such as 3141, the context menu displays the Purchase Orders per Product target report . The
business user can then navigate to this report directly without returning to the Reports work center view. In this
example, the business user can see what other purchase orders have the same product as in purchase order
3141.

Procedure

1. In the Design Reports object worklist, select the relevant target report and click New Report
Navigation.

In the following screen, the target report and the corresponding characteristics and variables appear.

You can also decide if you want to create navigation targets for characteristics and variables in a report
view.

Note that you cannot create a UI based navigation.

2. To select a source report, click Add Source Report.

To remove a source report, click Remove Source Report.

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 3. From the Select Source Report dropdown list, select the corresponding source report.

The source report along with the corresponding characteristics and variables are added.
4. From the list of target characteristics and variables, select the relevant source characteristics and variables
from the dropdown lists in the relevant columns.

 Note

If you select a variable, you must change the transfer type to Ranked Transfer.

5. Define how value selections are to be transferred from the source report to the target report.

Note that if you check the Use Default Variable Value checkbox, the default variable value in the target
report is used if no value is available from the source report.

Source Report Variable Target Report Variable

Variable is not filled Default variable value is used, regardless of transfer type.

Variable is filled Default variable value is not used.

The following table provides an overview of the available transfer types:

Transfer Type Description

Not Transferred The value selection of characteristic or variable of the

source report is not transferred to the target report. Thus,
the characteristic or variable of the target report is not
restricted. For example, supplier IDs of the source report
are not transferred to the target where no suppliers are
listed.

If you do not want a characteristic to be restricted, use

this transfer type.

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 Transfer Type Description

Transferred The value selection of either the source characteristic or

the source variable is transferred without modification to
the target characteristic or target variable.

You may transfer a source characteristic to a target varia-

ble. You may also transfer a source variable to a target
characteristic.

 Note
• It is not necessary that the characteristics or var-
iables have the same name, but they must be
semantically correct. For example, in your com-
pany, it may be correct to transfer value selec-
tions from a sales unit to a cost center if they are
one and the same.
• The system cannot check an infinite selection.

Ranked Transfer Value selections (characteristic and variable) of the source

report are transferred to either a target variable or charac-
teristic.

The system first checks if the source characteristic has a

value selection. If this is the case, the target is filled with
the value selection. If the system cannot find any value
selection for the source characteristic, the system checks
if the source variable has a value selection. If this is the
case, the target is filled with the value selection.

We recommend using this transfer type if you have both

a characteristic and a variable defined for the specified
characteristic in the source report.

 Note

When deciding on how value selections are to be transferred for variables, you must also note the
selection type for the variable.

For example, in the source report, you have a variable called Company for which a single value is
allowed. You want to transfer values from the variable to the following variables in the target report:
• Company
The selection type is defined for the variable as Single Value. Therefore, we recommend selecting
Transferred as the transfer type.
• Partner Company
The selection type is defined for the variable as Multiple Value. Therefore, we recommend selecting
Not Transferred as the transfer type.

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3.4 Assign Reports

As an administrator, you can create and assign reports to work centers and work center views, making them
available to business users. You can also restrict access to certain reports by additionally assigning them to
specific business roles.

3.4.1 Assign Reports to Work Center Views

Assign reports to a work center view and make it available to business users.

Procedure

1. From the Design Reports work center view, select the relevant report with the status Unassigned.
2. Click Assign. This opens the Work center view tab.

Note that the system checks whether the access context of the report and the access context of the work
center view conflict. The Conflict column indicates whether a conflict exists.

A check mark indicates that the access contexts match. An exclamation mark indicates that the access
contexts conflict.

If you want to assign reports to work center view regardless of conflicting access rights, you must
make changes to your fine tuning in the Business Configuration work center using the optional activity
Administrator Analytics — Settings. For more information, see Configuration: Administrator Analytics -
Settings [page 11].
3. The system assigns the report categories from the underlying data source to the report. You can change
the report category assignment by selecting the corresponding work center view and making changes to
the report category assignment in list. To do so, select the report categories by which the report can be
grouped in the Reports work center view.

 Note

Some delivered content has the Hidden status by default. For example, reports that are only displayed
as embedded reports. If you want to have the report displayed in the Reports work center view,
deselect the Hide in Reports View indicator.

4. Select the check box to assign the report. Click Save to save the work center view- based assignment.

 Note

When you assign Microsoft Excel®-based reports, that is, workbooks, ensure that the reports
embedded in the workbook are also assigned to the same work centers and work center views as
the workbook to ensure that business users can view all reports embedded in the workbook. For each
embedded report, note the report name and ID in the Report Name dropdown list of the workbook
header and compare its assignment against the reports used in the workbook.

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 For example, the administrator has assigned a Microsoft Excel-based report, that is, a workbook, to
a work center view. The workbook is available to all users assigned to that work center view. A user
executes the workbook but receives an error message, stating that she/he is not authorized to execute
a report. The user received this error message because the report is not assigned to the same work
center view as the workbook.

3.4.2 Assign Reports to Business Roles

Restrict access to certain reports by assigning them to specific business roles.

Context

 Note

• You can assign a report to a business role only if you've selected the option in the fine-tuning activities
for your solution. For more information, see Role Based Access [page 90].
• You can only assign business roles to Browser- Based Reports.
• You can view details of business roles assigned to reports by creating a report, based on SAP pre-
delivered ANABRASGNV data source.

Procedure

1. Select the report that you want to assign.

2. Click Assign. In the screen that opens, go to Business Role tab.

A list shows all the business roles to which you can assign this report. This list is generated on the basis
of the work centers and views that the selected report is assigned to. This allows you to make the report
available to only selected users out of all the users that have access to a particular work center view.
3. Select the checkbox against the business roles for assigning the report.

If the report is in status Unassigned, the business roles list is empty. Assign the report first to a work center
view to be able to make assignments to business roles.
4. Save and close the screen once the assignment is complete.

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3.4.3 View Report Assignments

View and report assignments by sorting, grouping, or filtering the list.

Procedure

• View assignments for all the reports

In the Business Analytics work center, go to Design Reports view, and click Assignment Overview. The
screen displays all the work center and view assignments for the report. To modify the displayed data, click

the sort icon and select from the available grouping option in the Group by drop down list.
• View work center and views assignments for a report

In the Design Reports view, select a report. In the Details section Assigned Work Centers shows the work
centers this report has been assigned to.
• View business role assignments for a report

In the Design Reports view, select a report. In the Details section Assigned Business Roles shows the
business roles this report has been assigned to.

3.4.4 Change Report Assignment

Unassign and reassign reports to work center views.

Procedure

1. Go to Business Analytics Design Reports and click Assignment Overview. The system opens the
Report Assignment Overview screen.
2. Choose Unassign All/Reassign All to select all the reports that you want to reassign/unassign from work
center views. In the Change Assignment column of the table, the system displays all the work center
assignments accordingly.
3. Click Save. The system schedules a background job if you select more than 20 reports.

Note that, if you unassign all reports, you can reassign only SAP reports. Customer-created reports cannot
be reassigned.

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3.5 Reports View

The solution delivers predefined content for reports that are defined in your scope. Reports can also be defined
by administrators for business users. The Reports view is a central access point to reports associated with a
work center.

The following report types are available.

• Browser-Based Reports
Consists of a compilation of data for evaluation where analysis and drill-down is supported. You can open
browser-based reports either in a Web browser or in Microsoft Excel.
• Microsoft Excel-Based Reports
Using Microsoft Excel®, you can view and edit reports in spreadsheets.

 Note

To view and work with Microsoft Excel-Based reports, ensure that the add-in for Microsoft Excel is
installed.

Depending on your authorization, you can download the add-in from the following locations:
• From the top right corner of the screen by clicking Download.
• From the Self-Services work center view of the Home work center

• Mobile Reports
Mobile reports are browser-based reports that are enabled for mobile devices.

Opening Reports

The report names are displayed as links. To open the report, click the relevant link . By clicking View With, you
can open a report either in a Web browser or in Microsoft Excel®.

You can also open reports from the Gallery work center view in which you can browse reports.

Organizing Reports

By default, all reports associated with the work center are displayed and the Advanced find feature is closed.

From the Show dropdown list, you can choose whether to display reports by the following criteria:

• By Report Category
• My Priority Reports
To include or remove a report from your priority list, select the report row, click Priority, and choose Mark
as Priority or Remove from Priority.
• All Reports
• All Reports - Quick List
Displays a list of reports, providing only the names and descriptions of reports.

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By default, the system displays reports grouped by report category.

Details

In the Details section below the reports list, you can find additional information about the selected report.
There are three tab pages in the Details area of the Reports view.

• Report Views
A report view is a modified view of the data available with a report. The Report Views tab page displays all
existing views associated with a report. These are divided into four categories: views created by you, views
created by an administrator, views delivered by SAP, and views created by SAP partners. Report views are
displayed as links and can be opened directly from this tab page by clicking the corresponding link.

 Note

When you create a report view from the Analysis work center, it will be available to you only as a local
view when you are logged in to the system. When a report view is created from the Business Analytics
work center, it will be available to all users. If you are an administrator, and want to publish a report
view, you must create it from the Business Analytics work center.

• Report Details
Displays general information about a report, including creation and change data. Under Report Categories,
all of the report categories to which a report is assigned are listed, for example, Supply Chain – Physical
Inventory.
• Report Assignment
Displays the work center views and subviews with which the selected report is associated. Note that the list
can also include views and subviews from work centers other than the work center in which the report is
currently displayed.

3.6 Access and Run Reports

Business users can access and run reports that have been assigned to them.

Business users can access and run reports from Analysis Reports workcenter view.

3.7 Work with Reports in a Web Browser

Working with reports in a Web Browser allows you to execute ad hoc analyses. You can open reports from the
reports list in the Reports view and from embedded reports.

Administrators use a limited range of functions as described here to preview data sources.

Functions in the Content Area [page 43]

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 In the content area you can display data, personalize table column width, and use the context menu for
further navigation and analysis.

Functions in the Navigation Pane [page 44]

In the navigation pane, you can find functions to make display settings. Analysis functions are also
available to display certain values.

Working with the More Actions Menu [page 46]

You have a range of actions that help you work with reports.

Working with Selections [page 47]

When you open a report in a Web browser, the data displayed in the report is restricted to the value
selections set using variables in the Selection area above the report and any saved filter values.

Working with Filters [page 50]

The value selections you make using variables for the selection also determine the characteristic value
selections that can be further restricted using the filter function.

Exceptions [page 50]

When you work with reports, you can create exceptions for key figures.

Conditions [page 52]

When you work with reports, you can create conditions to restrict the results area of a report in
accordance with certain criteria.

Analytical Navigation [page 53]

To analyze data further, the navigation functions for Analytics in the solution enable you navigate from
a source to a target. You can navigate from one report to another or view documents related to a value
in a cell, either in rows or columns, by clicking the value and then choosing an entry from the dropdown
list.

Chart Settings [page 55]

When you work with reports, you can make a range of chart settings, such as providing a legend for the
chart.

Table Settings [page 82]

When you work with reports in a web browser, you have a range of table settings, such as how tables
are designed.

Result Settings [page 83]

When you work with reports in a web browser, you have a range of settings for results, such as how
result rows are displayed.

Sort Settings [page 84]

When you work with reports, you can make a range of settings that help you sort key figures and
characteristics.

Add a Field to a Report [page 85]

When working with reports in a Web browser, business users can add characteristic attributes to and
remove them from reports by clicking Add Fields. On the following screen, fields are group by specified
criteria. For example, characteristics are grouped by dimensions.

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3.7.1 Functions in the Content Area

In the content area you can display data, personalize table column width, and use the context menu for further
navigation and analysis.

Display

In the content area for the report, data is displayed in a table or chart depending on settings. You can switch the
display format of the report. You can also undo a step or revert to the last saved state of the report.

You can also sort data in ascending or descending order.

Sorting works on every column but you need to consider the context (grouping /data set) of the column you
want to sort. So, the sorting is done within each set of data, and a data set is determined by the precedent
columns.

In the following example, the data set for State is sorted according to the Country/Region, which is the
precedent column.(Fig 1). So, within US, IN, and DE, the states are sorted A ->Z. If you want to sort by State
only, then you must move that column as the first one. In that case, the data is sorted by State as in Fig 2.

Fig.1 Fig.2
Country/Region State State Country/Region

US Alabama Alabama US

New York Bangalore IN

Texas Bavaria DE

IN Bangalore Berlin DE

Delhi Delhi IN

Mumbai Hamburg DE

DE Bavaria Mumbai IN

Berlin New York US

Hamburg Texas US

Personalize Table Column Width

You can adjust table column widths and personalize this setting. This action is available for both administrators
and end users. As an administrator, you can define a format and share it with all the end users. However, the
end users can override your format and save their personalization. To do this, follow these steps:

1. In the Business Analytics work center, navigate to Design Reports Edit With Web Browser , to open
a view.
2. Adjust the table column width.

3. Go to the More Actions icon, and select Save View .

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If you make changes to the SAP-delivered views, or views created by the administrator, select Save
Personalization .

 Note

• Table column adjustment isn’t supported when characteristics are added in the columns.
• Table column adjustment isn’t supported if the field is a hierarchical field.
• Table column adjustment isn’t supported if scaling is active in key figures.

Analytical Navigation

In cells of reports displayed in table format, you can use the context menu for further navigation and analysis.
Using the context menu, you can view existing documents related to a value. When you double-click a cell, the
documents and reports to which you can navigate are displayed. For example, you can navigate to a preceding
document, such as a purchase request, an overview document that provides information about a customer, or
to another report.

3.7.2 Functions in the Navigation Pane

In the navigation pane, you can find functions to make display settings. Analysis functions are also available to
display certain values.

Key Figures Characteristics

Display Display

Hide Hide

Decimals Adding Attributes

Scaling Displaying Hierarchies

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 Key Figures Characteristics

Conditions Conditions

Exceptions Exceptions

Sorting Sorting

Display Settings

By clicking Settings, you can determine how characteristics and key figures are displayed in the report along
with making settings for charts and tables.

Creating Exceptions and Conditions

To create conditions and exceptions for the report, under Columns, click the dropdown list for Key Figures. You
can create, edit, and delete exceptions and conditions by choosing Manage Exceptions or Manage Conditions
accordingly.

Selecting Key Figures

To add additional key figures to the report from the available key figures or to remove them from the report,
from Settings, choose Key Figures.

You can determine the order in which key figures appear as columns in your report by moving them up or down
in the list accordingly.

You can also decide if you want to display technical IDs by clicking Show ID.

Displaying Characteristics and Key Figures

You can drag and drop characteristics and key figures in columns and rows to the Not Currently Shown list.
To drag and drop, you use the Move function. This function is available from the dropdown list from the
characteristics and key figures. If you select Remove, the characteristic or key figure is moved to the Not
Currently Shown list.

 Note

You can add a maximum of 10 characteristics in a column drill down.

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3.7.3 Working with the More Actions Menu

You have a range of actions that help you work with reports.

The More Actions ( ) menu is available on the top right-hand corner of your screen if you are working in
the Fiori Client UI.

Action Buttons Tasks

Show Chart & Table Allows you to display the report in both chart and table format together.

Save Allows you to save your changes as a view if you have authorization to overwrite the existing
view. Or else, use Save as to create a new view.

Download Allows you to download the report to Microsoft Excel® in XML, XLSX, or CSV format. Note that
the report opens in read only mode. You can also download data sources in CSV format, and
reports in PDF.

 Note
• PDF download is only available in Chrome
• PDF download is only available for charts

The format and the available fields of the downloaded data source differ from a downloaded
report. For example, in a downloaded report, the value and unit of measure are combined in
one field whereas in the downloaded data source, the fields are separate. Another example
is that there may be key figures only defined for the report, which are not available in the
underlying data source.

When you download data in an excel file (xlsx), the date, amount, and quantity fields are
formatted according to their types. This helps you to filter the data accordingly.

To perform ad hoc analyses, open the report in Microsoft Excel®. From the Reports work
center view, click View With, and choose the Microsoft Excel option.

Start Options Allows you to define the way your report opens.

Show Extended Text Allows you to show or hide extended text when you are working with long texts such as notes.
You can show up to 1024 characters.

 Note
If this option is enabled in a report, you cannot use characteristics of data type string to
filter or use as parameter.

Open with Microsoft Excel Gives you an option to open your report using the Microsoft excel add-in.

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 Action Buttons Tasks

Send via E-mail Allows you to perform the following functions in Fiori Client only:

• Select multiple e-mail IDs: You can enter multiple IDs from within and outside your
organization.
• Copy other e-mail IDs: You can copy your e-mail to multiple IDs from within and outside
your organization.
• Select attachment: You can select the following attachment types: after you have chosen
it. For example, you have selected a word document as an attachment. But now you wish
to add some more information to the attached document. You can do it. In addition, you
can also attach an excel spreadsheet instead of the original document.
• Format text: You can format the text inside the e-mail. You can change the font size, color,
and background color of a text, add hyperlink, and so on.

 Note
In the Edge browser if you apply font or background color to the text, for the first
time it works fine. But when you try it the next time, instead of making the back-
ground blue (to show the text as selected) the system makes the text color blue.
Click somewhere else in the editor for the changes to apply correctly.

Show Report Information Shows the Header and Technical Details. When you choose this option, the system displays
the access context, selection ID, and any filters set. If available, any information and warnings
are also displayed. For example, if the display currency is set using key figure settings or
variables.

3.7.4 Working with Selections

When you open a report in a Web browser, the data displayed in the report is restricted to the value selections
set using variables in the Selection area above the report and any saved filter values.

Selection

A selection consists of the set of variables available for the report and any defined value selections. The
selection you define determines the data to be displayed in the report. The value selections you make using
variables for the selection also determine the characteristic value selections that can be further restricted
using the filter function.

Note that you must specify a value for all mandatory variables. In the system, mandatory variables are
indicated by an asterisk (*).

The Access Context variable is mandatory for all reports. This variable is defaulted to the access context to
which the you are assigned. The system fills the variable with the access context available for the report. In this
case, only one access context is assigned, and therefore the variable is not displayed.

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  Note

For reports opened with Microsoft Excel®, the system also fills the variable with the initially saved access
context.

Example

For example, you open the Project Cost – Overview report in two work centers and have saved the Access
Context variable with different value selections in both work centers: in the first work center, you saved the
access context as Company; in the second work center, you saved the access context as Project. The system
proposes one of the two access contexts.

Making Value Selections

To display the descriptions of values that you have selected, in the Selection area, click .

 Note

If the field is of type hierarchy, then clicking the Show Description icon does not show the description, but
only the IDs.

Note that if you want to enter values manually, the system supports manual entry of only the ID of variable or
characteristic values.

For example, you know that you want to restrict the Supplier variable to 500001 (You cannot enter Miller
and Son). You therefore enter 500001 in the Supplier variable field.

You can delete value selections by clicking the x icon. The delete function is always active.

Value Selection Help

By opening the value selection for a variable or for a characteristic, you can select single values, exclude values,
set an interval, or a set of values, depending on how the content has been defined, or if you have set filter
values.

The following options are available depending on the variable or characteristic selected:

• Basic Select
Allows you to restrict a specified characteristic to available values.
• Advanced Select
Allows you to restrict a specified characteristic using relational operators, such as greater than and less
than. To do this, select the Add Row icon +. The system gives you an option to choose the relational
operators, and a value.

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 Select Add Fields to add a new variable. In the new window, choose a variable and select the checkboxes
under Display in Report and Display in Selection. Click OK. The variable will be available for selection.
• Relative Select
Allows you to restrict a specified characteristic to a relative variable selection. Relative selections are based
on basic characteristics, such as Date, Week, Month, Fiscal Period, and Company. When you start the
report, the system fills the cells in the report with the corresponding values. The following table provides
examples of relative selections.

Variable Relative Selection Description

Posting Date Today Shows today's date.

Invoice Creation Date Last 7 Days . The systemShows a time range of

the last 7 days, including today.

Fiscal Month Current Fiscal Period Shows the current month.

Company Multiple Default Companies Derives multiple default companies

based on the user's position.

 Note

Hierarchical value help is not available in the Fiori Client UI.

Saving Selections

If you often restrict data in a report to specific value selections, you can save the selection. The selection is
then available for reuse. Note that any set filter values selections are also saved. Saved selections are only
available to the user who saved the selection.

You can save selections by clicking Selections, and then choosing Save As.

1. Make value selections for the relevant variables and filters.

2. Navigate to the sprocket icon and click Save As .

3. Enter a name for the selection.
4. Click OK.

The selection is then available from the Selection dropdown list.

The selection is also available for embedded reports.

Managing Selections

To manage selections, choose a Selection, navigate to the sprocket icon , and then select Rename or
Delete.

Note that you cannot rename or delete the Initial selection.

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To save a selection as default, choose a selection and select the Report Default or View Default checkbox as
required.

3.7.5 Working with Filters

The value selections you make using variables for the selection also determine the characteristic value
selections that can be further restricted using the filter function.

Note that you can filter data for all characteristics available with the report regardless of whether they are
shown in the report.

 Note

If you change the values selections set in the selection and start the report again by clicking Go, the system
resets any filter value selections you have made. Changes you make to the value selections for variables in
the selection affect the value selections available to be filtered for characteristic.

 Example

For the Product variable in the selection, select the following values: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. These are the values
available to be filtered with the Product characteristic after you start the report. However, if the values are
empty, the selection shows up as #, you can filter it is using the value #.

Change the value selections set for the Product variable in the selection and make all values available. After
clicking Go, you can now filter the Product characteristic to any available value selection.

When you save a selection, the filter value selections you set are also saved.

In the Fiori Client UI, open a report and click the Add Filter icon , the value help appears. Select the
required value. Click OK. Either select Run With Filter to apply the filter immediately, or click Later to continue
working on your current report.

3.7.6 Exceptions

When you work with reports, you can create exceptions for key figures.

An exception is a deviation from defined threshold values. You create exceptions by setting threshold values or
intervals, for which you set an alert. Using exceptions, the system emphasizes key figure values that deviate
from or adhere to threshold values or intervals. Key figure values that deviate from or adhere to the threshold
are indicated using symbols or are highlighted in color. This enables you to identify immediately all relevant
values.

You create, edit, and delete exceptions using the Manage dialog box. You can find it by clicking and then
clicking Exceptions.

When you activate exceptions for a report, the system applies the exception to the data in the report.

You can define multiple exceptions for a report.

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  Note

Any exceptions you define are only available with the report or report view in which you created the
exception.

Defining Exceptions

To define an exception, you select a key figure, decide how the exception is to be displayed and how it is to be
applied.

Key Figure

A dropdown list from where you select the key figure for which you want to define an exception.

Preview

A visual display of how the field will look like when the exception is applied.

 Note

This feature is available for Fiori Client only.

Alert Indicator

Options available for displaying exceptions in the report:

• Arrow: The alert level is represented as an arrow with five varying degrees of slant, corresponding to
different levels of priority.
• Background Color: The alert level is represented by the value highlighted in various shades of green, yellow,
and red. For each color, there are three shades, corresponding to different levels of priority.
• Traffic Light: The alert level is represented as a traffic light.

Apply To

Options available for applying exceptions to values that deviate from thresholds:

• Data: The exception is applied to key figure values but not result rows.
• Data and Result: The exception is applied to key figure values and result rows.
• Result: The exception is only applied to result rows.

Defining Thresholds

Options to restrict a specified key figure using relational operators, such as greater than, less than, and so on.

Example

You want to emphasize all products for which invoiced net value is greater than 100 EUR, which is a good value.
You create an exception for the Invoiced Net Value key figure. As an operator, you select Greater than, and enter
100 as the From Value with an alert level as green. You have defined the alert indicator as background color.
Result: The system highlights in green all values in the Invoiced Net Value column that are greater than 100
EUR.

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3.7.7 Conditions

When you work with reports, you can create conditions to restrict the results area of a report in accordance
with certain criteria.

For example, you can create a condition so that you only see products that have net sales above a certain
threshold value. You can also create a condition to display the five lowest selling products. In other words, you
can use conditions to restrict the results area of a report so that you only see a part of the result area for which
you are interested.

You create, edit, and delete conditions using the Manage dialog box. You can find it by clicking and then
clicking Conditions.

You can also create conditions in chart by simply clicking a data point.

You can define the following ranked conditions: Top 5, Top 10, or custom. Click a data point and then click a
ranked condition, such as Top 5 to see the top five items on your list based on your key figure.

You can also define simple conditions from a data point.

When you activate conditions for a report, you are not changing any values; you are just hiding the values that
are not relevant for you. Conditions therefore have no effect on the values displayed in result rows. The result
rows of a report with an active condition are the same as the result rows of a report without this condition.

You can define multiple conditions for a report.

 Note

Any conditions you define are only available with the report or report view in which you created the
condition.

Simple Conditions

When you create a simple condition, you set thresholds for a specified key figure related to a characteristic
using relational operators.

Example

You want to see all products for which invoiced net value is greater than 100 EUR. You set a condition on the
Product characteristic for the Invoiced Net Value key figure. As an operator, you select Greater than, and enter
100 as the From Value. Result: The system returns a list of products for which invoiced net value is greater than
100 EUR and hides other values.

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Ranked Conditions

The system compares all values for a specified key figure related to a characteristic that you set. All values that
adhere to the rules that you define are displayed in a ranked list.

You use the following operators to define rules for ranked conditions:

• Bottom count / Top count

The ranked list is arranged according to a specified number.

 Example

Top 5 Customers by Net Sales

The system displays a ranked list of the 5 customers having the highest net sales.

• Bottom percent / Top percent

The ranked list is arranged according to a specified percent.

 Example

Top 25% of Customers by Net Sales

The system displays a ranked list of the highest net sales by customer until 25 percent of the total net
sales is reached.

• Bottom sum / Top sum

The ranked list is arranged according to a particular results value.

 Example

Customers - Top Total 20,000 EUR of Net Sales

The system displays a ranked list of customers, sorted by net sales in descending order, until an
aggregated net sales total greater than or equal to 20,000 EUR is reached. The result can be greater
than 20,000 EUR if the system has to add another customer to the ranked list to reach the threshold
value but whose net sales then makes the aggregated net sales result greater than 20,000 EUR.

3.7.8 Analytical Navigation

To analyze data further, the navigation functions for Analytics in the solution enable you navigate from a source
to a target. You can navigate from one report to another or view documents related to a value in a cell, either in
rows or columns, by clicking the value and then choosing an entry from the dropdown list.

 Note

Analytical navigation is only available for browser-based reports.

The following graphic illustrates navigating in a report.

Example of navigation

The following types of analytical navigation are available.

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• Report-to-report navigation
You can use report-to-report navigation to further analyze the details of a specific data point. The values
of the target report will be filtered based on the selected data point of the current report. For example, you
can navigate from an aggregated annual data report to a report with monthly breakup for a specific year by
clicking the corresponding data point.
• Report-to-object navigation
You can use this feature to navigate to an object directly from a report. For example, you can navigate to
account details from account ID in a report.

 Note

The above features are available for embedded reports also.

Context for Analytical Navigation in Source

When you navigate from a source to a target, such as from one report to another, the system checks what
targets are available for the specified cell along with the context of the source.

The context of the source includes information, such as:

• Row, that is, the characteristics to the left of the specified cell.
• Column, that is, the characteristics above the specified cell.
• Any filter values set in the source
• Any value selections for variables
• The report ID
• The access context of the report
• The report view ID, if the source is based on a report view.
• The selection ID, if the source uses a set a value selections for variables.

Example of report-to-report navigation

The context of the specified cell determines the targets to which you can navigate. Therefore, depending on
which cell you click, you have different targets available.

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For example, the targets in a Results row may be different than the targets for individual values in the column
since targets are also based on rows. The result value may be a different row than the individual values.
Likewise, a cell in the same row may have different targets because the system also checks the column of the
specified cell.

The targets available also depend on the access rights granted to the user. The reports for which users have no
access right are not displayed in the context menu.

The following explanatory graphic shows the targets for two different cells.

 Note

Note that you can only check the targets for one cell at a time.

Examples of targets

3.7.9 Chart Settings

When you work with reports, you can make a range of chart settings, such as providing a legend for the chart.

By default, all of the following indicators are not set:

Legend

You can show the legend as well as determine where in the content area the legend is to be displayed.

 Note

If you generate a hierarchical chart where the hierarchies are collapsed, the system does not display the
dimension name of the collapsed parameters. For example, if the first dimension in your hierarchy is year,
followed by month, and date, the legend will normally be displayed as Year/Month/Date. However, if the
hierarchy is collapsed, the display will be Year//.

Axis

You can provide labels for the X and Y axes as well as descriptions. Note that descriptions are displayed as tool
tips.

Values

• Show Results and Overall Results If Displayed in Table

You use this indicator to specify whether the results and overall results are to be displayed. By default,
these results are suppressed since the display of the chart may otherwise be adversely affected.
• Show Hierarchies If Displayed in Table
You use this indicator to specify whether hierarchy nodes are to be displayed.

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• Display Chart Values
You use this indicator if you want to view the values on the chart. Note that you cannot save this setting. To
enable it manually each time you open the report.

Zoom

You can now view zoomed in values in your chart. To do this, click Enable Zoom and select a section of the chart
to view the zoomed in data. You can continue to zoom further down until there are just two data points.

Note that when the zoom feature is active, navigation is not possible. To activate navigation targets, toggle the
zoom icon. The system retains the chart in the zoomed state and allows you to navigate.

To clear the zoomed data and go back to the original chart, click Reset Zoom.

 Note

Zooming is available for only the following types of charts:

• Bar
• Column
• Line
• Scatter

Since the zoom function is supported for only the mentioned charts, all other chart types are disabled
when the user is in zoom mode. Disable zoom to view data in other chart formats.

Personalize Key Figure Colors

You can change the color of key figures in charts.

To do this, open a report and click the sprocket icon. In the Chart tab, navigate to the Change Chart Color
Palette section. Click anywhere on the key figure name to open the color selection dialog box. Select your color

and click OK. You can see the changes immediately. To reset, click .

By default, the system applies sixteen colors in a predefined sequence to the key figures. Whether you add or
remove a key figure, the sequence is retained. If you personalize a color for a key figure, only that particular key
figure changes, the remaining retains the original color and sequence.

This feature is available for the following chart types:

• Bar
• Stacked Bar
• 100 Percent Stacked Bar
• Column
• 100 Percent Stacked Column
• Line
• Bullet
• Geo Map
• Combination Chart
• Dual-Axis Combination Chart

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  Note

If a characteristic is part of the drill-down, along with the key figures, the system does not give you an
option to personalize the key figure colors. It displays the default color palette.

Troubleshooting

Not all reports are suitable to be displayed as a chart. For example, if the report to be displayed as a
chart contains large amounts of data with multiple key figures and characteristics, you may want to restrict
the number of characteristics and key figures in the report so that the display of data in the chart is
comprehensible.

There may be other reasons why a chart cannot be displayed. See the following list of possible issues:

• Chart not possible; hierarchy on characteristic is active.

There is a characteristic in rows for which a display hierarchy is active.
1. Check the characteristics under Row Fields by clicking the characteristics and choosing Settings.
2. On the General tab page, from the Display Hierarchy dropdown list, select Do Not Show.
• Chart not possible; arrange as hierarchy is active.
1. The table setting Arrange As Hierarchy is active. From the sprocket icon, select Table Settings.
2. On the following screen, from the Arrange As Hierarchy dropdown list, select None.
• Chart not possible; multiple units of measure are used.
The key figures displayed have different units of measure.
• Check which units of measure are used and determine if all key figures are necessary for the chart. If
all key figures are not necessary, remove the relevant key figures so that the units of measure match
for the key figures displayed. For example, there are quantity and currency units of measure. You only
really need the quantity key figures so you remove the currency key figures.
• If you only have key figures with currencies, check if the currencies are the same. If the currencies
are different, you can, for example, use the Display Currency variable. Click the pencil icon next to the
Selection dropdown list, If the Display Currency variable is available, set the value accordingly.
• Chart not possible; key figures are in rows or characteristics are in columns.
Ensure that the key figures are in columns and the characteristics are in rows. Under columns, you can
have a characteristic, but only above the key figures.
• Chart not possible; no key figure selected.
Ensure that you have at least one key figure in columns.
• Chart not possible; no characteristic selected.
Ensure that you have at least one characteristic in rows.
• Chart not possible; minimum number of key figure not selected.
For certain chart types, there is a minimum number of key figures required to generate a chart. For
example, for Scatter charts, you need at least 2 key figures, and for Bubble charts, you require at least 3
key figures.

 Note

If you add both key figures and characteristics together in Row Fields, the system does not generate a
chart. Instead it presents all the values in a table.

Chart Types [page 58]

You can use different chart types to visualize your data.

Chart Gestures in Tablets [page 73]

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 Use gestures to perform chart operations on your tablets. (IOS, Android only)

Chart Gestures in Smartphones [page 74]

Use gestures to perform chart operations on your smartphones. (IOS, Android only)

3.7.9.1 Chart Types

You can use different chart types to visualize your data.

Area [page 59]

Shows trends of values over categories. The area between the axes and the values are filled in an area
chart.

Bar [page 60]

Shows comparisons between individual elements shown in a bar chart. Categories are arranged
vertically and values are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values and not on
displaying a change during a period of time

Stacked Bar [page 61]

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category. Categories are arranged vertically and
values are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values in a category.

100 Percent Stacked Bar [page 62]

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category as a percentage. Categories are
arranged vertically and values are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values
in a category as a percentage of the whole.

Column [page 62]

Shows comparisons between individual elements. Categories are arranged horizontally and values
are arranged vertically. The emphasis is on comparing a change in value during a period of time for
individual elements.

Stacked Column [page 63]

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category. Categories are arranged horizontally
and values are arranged vertically. The emphasis is on the comparison of values in a category.

100 Percent Stacked Column [page 64]

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category as a percentage. Categories are
arranged horizontally and values are arranged vertically. The emphasis is on the comparison of values
in a category as a percentage of the whole.

Line [page 65]

Shows trends in your data over time. The data is entered at regular intervals. Points in lines represent
the intersection of the X and Y axes.

Doughnut [page 65]

The doughnut chart is similar to a pie chart in that it shows values as segments. The segments
represent values in rows. The size of the segments represent the values in columns as a percent of the
whole.

Heat Map [page 66]

Shows comparison between one or more dimensions. Based on the values of the categories the
intensity of the color increases or decreases. The lower the density, the lower is the value. Similarly, the
higher the density, the higher is the value.

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 Bubble [page 67]
Shows relationships between data set values by the size of the bubble.

Bullet [page 68]

Shows comparisons between one or more measures. Characteristics are arranged vertically and key
figure values are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values and targets.

Pie [page 69]

You want to visualize the trend in invoiced quantity for your product categories. The X axis shows
product categories. The Y axis shows invoiced quantities for 2002 and 2003.

Geo Map [page 70]

Geo Maps provide a geographical visualization of density of measure (key figure in report).

Single Axis Combination Chart [page 71]

A chart that combines the features of the column chart and the line chart.

Dual-Axis Combination Charts [page 72]

Visualize multiple measures with different scales in a single chart.

Scatter [page 73]

Shows relationships between values as displayed in several columns. Scatter charts are suitable for
large sets of data.

3.7.9.1.1 Area

Shows trends of values over categories. The area between the axes and the values are filled in an area chart.

The examples in the chart type descriptions are based on the following set of hypothetical data:

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

The data as shown in table format is displayed in an area chart as follows:

• The X axis shows values in rows.

• The Y axis shows values in columns.

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 Example of an area chart

3.7.9.1.2 Bar

Shows comparisons between individual elements shown in a bar chart. Categories are arranged vertically and
values are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values and not on displaying a change
during a period of time

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

The data as shown in table format is displayed in a bar chart as follows:

• The X axis shows the values in columns.

• The Y axis shows the values in rows.

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 Example of a bar chart

3.7.9.1.3 Stacked Bar

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category. Categories are arranged vertically and values
are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values in a category.

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

Example of a stacked bar chart

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3.7.9.1.4 100 Percent Stacked Bar

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category as a percentage. Categories are arranged
vertically and values are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values in a category as a
percentage of the whole.

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

Example of a 100 percent stacked bar chart

3.7.9.1.5 Column

Shows comparisons between individual elements. Categories are arranged horizontally and values are
arranged vertically. The emphasis is on comparing a change in value during a period of time for individual
elements.

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

The data as shown in table format is displayed in a column chart as follows:

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 • The X axis shows the values in rows.
• The Y axis shows the values in columns.

Example of a column chart

3.7.9.1.6 Stacked Column

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category. Categories are arranged horizontally and
values are arranged vertically. The emphasis is on the comparison of values in a category.

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

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 Example of a stacked column chart

3.7.9.1.7 100 Percent Stacked Column

Shows comparisons between individual elements in a category as a percentage. Categories are arranged
horizontally and values are arranged vertically. The emphasis is on the comparison of values in a category as a
percentage of the whole.

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

Example of a 100 percent stacked column chart

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3.7.9.1.8 Line

Shows trends in your data over time. The data is entered at regular intervals. Points in lines represent the
intersection of the X and Y axes.

Calendar Quarter Days in Sales Phase Number of Opportunities Chance of Success

Quarter 1 84,00 75,00 15,76 %

Quarter 2 382,00 34,00 31,21 %

Quarter 3 244,00 107,00 33,24 %

Quarter 4 147,00 146,00 16,51 %

The data as shown in table format is displayed in a line chart as follows:

• The X axis shows the values in rows.

• The Y axis shows the values in columns.

Example of a line chart

3.7.9.1.9 Doughnut

The doughnut chart is similar to a pie chart in that it shows values as segments. The segments represent
values in rows. The size of the segments represent the values in columns as a percent of the whole.

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 Example of a Doughnut chart

3.7.9.1.10 Heat Map

Shows comparison between one or more dimensions. Based on the values of the categories the intensity of the
color increases or decreases. The lower the density, the lower is the value. Similarly, the higher the density, the
higher is the value.

In the example each square denotes a row and the color intensity of the square denotes the value. The lower
the intensity, the lower is the value, and vice versa. You can visualize the difference of days in sales phase
between each country/region based on the following data:

Country/Region Days in Sales Phase

Canada 69,00

Argentina 96,00

Switzerland 328,00

Ukraine 587,00

Belgium 721,00

Bermuda 784,00

Australia 943,00

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 Country/Region Days in Sales Phase

Chile 1.133,00

Peru 1.946,00

Example of a Heat Map

 Note

You cannot customize the color of the chart. It depends on the UI theme.

3.7.9.1.11 Bubble

Shows relationships between data set values by the size of the bubble.

In this example, the size legend bubbles denote the following:

• Smallest – Minimum value in the data set. Can be no data also.

• Intermediate – The median value of the data set range. This value is set by the vizframe library.
• Largest – Maximum value of the dataset.

 Note

• In the size legend, the key figure values are rounded off to two decimal points irrespective of the
settings maintained.
• The size legends are displayed based on the space available in the chart area irrespective of whether
you have enabled legends.

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 Example of a Bubble chart

3.7.9.1.12 Bullet

Shows comparisons between one or more measures. Characteristics are arranged vertically and key figure
values are arranged horizontally. The emphasis is on the comparison of values and targets.

The sequence of key figure is fixed in the following order:

1. Actual
2. Target
3. Forecast
4. Additional Information

You can select a maximum of four key figures. Ensure that you follow the sequence when you add the values to
the columns. If you select two key figures, the first one represents the Actual, the second one represents the
Target. However, the legends might not appear in the same sequence.

 Note

We recommend that you select only one characteristic for a bullet chart.

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3.7.9.1.13 Pie

You want to visualize the trend in invoiced quantity for your product categories. The X axis shows product
categories. The Y axis shows invoiced quantities for 2002 and 2003.

The data as shown in table format is displayed in a line pie as follows:

• Segments represent values in rows.

• The size of the segments represent the values in columns as a percent.

 Note

Example

You want to visualize the percent of total net sales value for each product category in 2002.

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 Example of a pie chart

3.7.9.1.14 Geo Map

Geo Maps provide a geographical visualization of density of measure (key figure in report).

The areas with higher values are displayed in darker shades as compared to areas with lower values.

Using the geo map widget, you can overlay multiple layers of business data on geo map with detailed
geographic information to perform analyzes on your geographic data.

Required Settings:

• Country/Region or State is part of the drill-down

• Both ID and Description
• One Key Figure

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 Example of a Geo Map

In the image, you can view that the geographical areas such as the Unites States of America and India display
darker shade compared to Canada, Mexico, and Germany. Accordingly, the density of measure is higher in
regions shown in darker shades, lesser in less darker shades, and much lesser in areas represented by lighter
shades.

3.7.9.1.15 Single Axis Combination Chart

A chart that combines the features of the column chart and the line chart.

Combination Charts are useful when you want to show the relationship between different data points using
multiple visualizations in one chart. For example, you may want to view expected revenue and forecast data
in the same chart. A combination chart displays expected revenue in columns and forecast as lines on top of
these columns.

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  Note

• Combination charts are available only in Fiori client.

• Combination charts can be used only when you have two key figures in a view.

3.7.9.1.16 Dual-Axis Combination Charts

Visualize multiple measures with different scales in a single chart.

Dual axes are useful when you have two measures that have different scales. You can view the values of
different scales and the relationship between the values. It also allows you to display a lot of information with
limited space and discover trends you may have otherwise missed if you're switching between graphs.

Note that only the first key figure is depicted as columns. The remaining key figures are plotted as lines. The
columns are associated with the first axis (Y) and the lines are associatied with the second axis (Y').

For example, if you want to view the number of opportunities with chance of success, and days of sales
phase in each category, the dual-axis combination chart is helpful because you can see varied scales such as
thousands against hundreds pitted against each other. On one axis, you can show the days in sales phase in
thousands and on the other, you can show the number of opportunities in hundreds.

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3.7.9.1.17 Scatter

Shows relationships between values as displayed in several columns. Scatter charts are suitable for large sets
of data.

Example of a scatter chart

3.7.9.2 Chart Gestures in Tablets

Use gestures to perform chart operations on your tablets. (IOS, Android only)

• Traverse to see values

Tap on any data point and traverse to see the values.
Tap and continue rotating the pie to see the values of a specific slice against a fixed pointer. The
corresponding legend is highlighted to allow easy understanding of the sliced data.
• Swipe out to filter
Swipe out to filter data points in charts for progressive analysis. Drag a column upwards, or a bar to the
right to exclude it from the displayed data set.
For pies and doughnuts, drag a slice out along the radius to filter data.
• Sort with directional swipes
Sort chart data by swiping up or right (for ascending) and down or left (for descending) along the desired
axis.
Note that sorting happens on the first key figure or characteristics as defned in the view.
• Compare discrete points
Select any two data points to show the variance for a quick comparison. Double tap on a data point to
start the compare mode. Single tap on another data point to show the difference, sum, and average of
the selected points. In this mode, you can select or deselect a data point by single tapping the data point.
At any point, if you have two selected data points, the system displays the comparison values. To exit the
mode, single tap anywhere outside the chart.
• Pinch zoom and scroll to see detailed values
Pinch to zoom a chart area and see detailed values. When you pinch out and zoom, a carousel appears at
the bottom of the screen. Scroll through the carousel to see the desired chart area. To exit this mode, either
pinch in, or double tap anywhere on the carousel.

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The following table gives the support matrix for chart gestures for different chart types.

Com
bi- Com
Stac na- bi-
Stac ked
Stac tion na-
ked 100
Stac ked Sin- tion Hea Dou
Ges- 100 %
ture Col- ked Col- % Col- gle Dual Bul- Scat tma ghn Bub Fun-
s umn Bar Bar umn Bar umn Axis Axis let Line ter Area Pie p ut ble Map nel

Sho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
w
Val-
ues

Sort Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Zoo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
m

Fil- Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
ter

Com Yes Yes

pare

The following table gives the support matrix for chart gestures for different devices:

Gestures Tablets Smartphones

Reports Dashboards Embedded Re- Reports Dashboards Embedded Re-

ports ports

Show Values Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sort Yes Yes Yes

Zoom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Zoom with Car- Yes Yes

ousel

Filter Yes Yes Yes Yes

Compare Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Highlight Leg- Yes Yes

ends in Pie

Report Naviga- Yes Yes

tion

3.7.9.3 Chart Gestures in Smartphones

Use gestures to perform chart operations on your smartphones. (IOS, Android only)

• Show values
Tap on any data point and slide to see the values.

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 Tap and continue rotating the pie to see the values of a specific slice against a fixed pointer. The
corresponding legend is highlighted to allow easy understanding of the sliced data.

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• Filter
Swipe out to filter data points in charts for progressive analysis. Drag a column upwards, or a bar to the
right to exclude it from the displayed data set.

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 For pies and doughnuts, drag a slice out along the radius to filter data.
• Sort
Sort chart data by swiping up or right (for ascending) and down or left (for descending) along the desired
axis.
Note that sorting happens on the first key figure or characteristics as defned in the view.

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• Compare
Select any two data points to show the variance for a quick comparison. Double tap on a data point to
start the compare mode. Single tap on another data point to show the difference, sum, and average of
the selected points. In this mode, you can select or deselect a data point by single tapping the data point.
At any point, if you have two selected data points, the system displays the comparison values. To exit the
mode, single tap anywhere outside the chart.

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 • Zoom
Pinch to zoom a chart area and see detailed values.

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• Report to report navigation
Tap on any data point and select More Actions to see possible navigation targets.

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Smartphone enhancements are available on both dashboards as well as reports. Following are the details:

Feature Report Dashboard

Show Values Yes Yes

Sort Yes

Filter Yes

Compare Yes Yes

Zoom Yes Yes

Highlight Legends in Pie Yes Yes

Report Navigation Yes Yes

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3.7.10 Table Settings

When you work with reports in a web browser, you have a range of table settings, such as how tables are
designed.

Click the Show Table/Chart Settings icon ( ) to open the table settings. The available settings are as
follows:

Freeze Characteristics in Rows

You can freeze the characteristics in a table so that you have a context when you are scrolling through different
key figures.

Display Repeated Texts

By default, the table merges repeated texts for each column until there are unique values per row. When you
select this option, you can enable repeated display of similar values.

This helps you to change the visualization of your table based on your preference. Also, when you download this
report to excel, it helps you to filter the values faster.

Table Design

Value Description

Standard A different background color is assigned to columns, rows,

and results:

• Columns are white

• Rows are gray
• Results are yellow

Alternating Columns are displays in white and blue alternative rows.

Grid Lines

Value Description

Both Horizontal and vertical lines are displayed.

Horizontal Horizontal lines are displayed.

None The table has no grid lines.

Vertical Vertical lines are displayed.

Arrange As Hierarchy

The system arranges characteristics in rows and in columns as a hierarchy. The row or column further left
serves as the tree structure into which characteristics to the right are inserted.

Limit Data

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By default, the records of data displayed are limited to the value in the specified field. You can change this
value. Note that this setting is only valid for reports displayed as a table.

3.7.11 Result Settings

When you work with reports in a web browser, you have a range of settings for results, such as how result rows
are displayed.

Row Total

Select Characteristics

If you want to show the result for characteristics that are in the row fields, select the required characteristics.

Show Row Total

Value Description

First Row The values in a row are aggregated and displayed as the first entry for each
row. If a row only has one entry, no result row is displayed.

Last Row The values in a row are aggregated and displayed as the last entry for each
row. If a row only has one entry, no result row is displayed.

Column Total

Select Characteristics

If you want to show the result for characteristics that are in the column fields, select the required
characteristics.

Show Column Total

Value Description

First Column The column values are aggregated for a row and are displayed in the first
column.

Last Column The column values are aggregated for a row and are displayed in the last
column.

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Chart Total

Show Result in Chart

If you want to show the result in a chart, set this option to Yes.

3.7.12 Sort Settings

When you work with reports, you can make a range of settings that help you sort key figures and
characteristics.

You can sort values in the report by a specified key figure in either ascending or descending order. From the
Sort By dropdown list, choose the key figure. Under Sort Order, choose either Ascending or Descending.

The primary sorting sequence for characteristics is set by the drilldown displayed in the report.

You can sort characteristics displayed in rows and columns according to the description or ID in ascending or
descending order.

If a characteristic has attributes, you can also sort the characteristic by attribute. The attribute specified does
not have to be selected for display. Only if you set an attribute for a characteristic, and want to sort by the
attribute, is sorting by attribute taken as sorting.

 Example

You want to sort by the Cost Center characteristic using the Manager attribute. By default, the system sorts
the Company characteristic by the ID of the manager.

Sorting works on every column but you need to consider the context (grouping /data set) of the column you
want to sort. So the sorting is done within each set of data, and a data set is determined by the precedent
columns.

In the following example, the data set for State is sorted according to the Country/Region which is the
precedent column.(Fig 1). So, within US, IN, and DE, the states are sorted A ->Z. If you want to sort by State
only, then you must move that column as the first one. In that case, the data will be sorted by State as in Fig 2.

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 Fig.1 Fig.2
Country/Region State State Country/Region

US Alabama Alabama US

New York Bangalore IN

Texas Bavaria DE

IN Bangalore Berlin DE

Delhi Delhi IN

Mumbai Hamburg DE

DE Bavaria Mumbai IN

Berlin New York US

Hamburg Texas US

3.7.13 Add a Field to a Report

When working with reports in a Web browser, business users can add characteristic attributes to and remove
them from reports by clicking Add Fields. On the following screen, fields are group by specified criteria. For
example, characteristics are grouped by dimensions.

 Note

• You cannot select all fields as characteristic or variable to add to or to remove from a report. Fields that
you cannot select indicate that they are part of the report as it is defined, either as delivered content
or as defined by administrators. Note that you also cannot override or extend any additions made by
administrators. For example, business users cannot remove a characteristic that has been added by
the administrator, nor can business users add a characteristic attribute to a variable that has been
added by the administrator.
• Hierarchies can only be added if available with the characteristic.

When you add and remove fields, the system modifies the current report. The characteristic attributes are then
available from the Not Currently Shown list. You can then add the new fields to rows and columns and save the
personalized report view.

Adding Date Fields

For characteristics that are based on calendar date, you can add fields to aggregate by quarter, month, and so
on. This feature is also available for characteristics based on fiscal year, fiscal period, accounting period/year,
or time. For more information on this, see Configuration: Enable Reporting on Fiscal Year [page 15]

Examples of using such date fields are as follows:

• Aggregate by quarter, if your fiscal year equals calendar year.

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• From the table settings, if you arrange the characteristics in a hierarchy, you can drilldown in the hierarchy
from quarter to month to date.

Note that non-cumulated key figures, such as opening balance, ending balance, or inventory stock quantity,
should not be aggregated using such date fields since this leads to unexpected total results.

Example

You are working with the Invoice Volume report. Invoice date is available as a field, but you want to view the
data by quarter. You click Add Fields. Under the Customer Invoice dimension, you expand the Invoice Date
characteristic, and add Quarter.

Adding Fields Versus Characteristic Settings

Note that by clicking Settings and then choosing Characteristics, attributes of characteristics are only shown in
the report; they are not added as fields. This means that you cannot filter the characteristic by characteristic
attribute values. You can only filter data in the report by characteristic attribute values if you add the
characteristic attribute as a field to the report.

Adding Fields As an Administrator

When administrators start a report from the Design Reports work center view and click Add Fields, they see
more fields related to the data source which serves as the basis for the report than business users. This
includes more characteristics, characteristic attributes, and key figures.

 Note

By adding fields to delivered reports and to your own reports you can thereby eliminate the need to copy a
delivered report or edit your own report. The system automatically adds the field to the report; you do not
have to save the report as a report view.

On the Key Figures tab page of the Add Fields screen, you can also add and remove key figures from reports,
including your own restricted and calculated key figures. You can also create and edit your own key figures from
the screen by clicking the corresponding button. For more information, see Create and Edit a Key Figure [page
121]. You can add any newly created key figures to the report.

The key figures that you have added are available from the Select Key figures dialog box of Key Figures.

By clicking Check, the system checks whether calculated and restricted key figures, for which the Display in
Report checkbox is selected, are consistent. For example, the system checks if an extension field used as a
basis for a calculated or restricted key figure has been deleted.

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Extension Fields

You can also add extension fields as characteristics and key figures. The extension field must be added to
the corresponding data source before it can be available using Add Fields. For more information, see Add an
Extension Field to Data Resources and Reports [page 116].

Adding Fields Versus the Report Wizard

When you create a report using the Report Wizard, specified characteristics and key figures are always
available with the report as you defined; business users cannot add or remove them using Add Fields. Note that
by using Add Fields you are not changing the actual report as you defined it; any added fields are not visible
when editing a report.

For more information, see Working with Reports Using the Report Wizard [page 19].

3.8 Work with Embedded Reports

As an administrator, you can select reports and embed them in the UI. You can also map the data between
the UI fields and the embedded report fields so that the system filters the report data based on the supplied
mapping.

Add a Report

1. Click your profile on the top right corner of your screen, and select Start Adaptation. The system opens in
the Adaptation Mode.
2. Open an instance of an object where you want to embed a report. For example, an employee, lead,
customer.
3. In the side pane, under Overview, click the back arrow to navigate to View and select the tab in which you
want to embed the report.
4. Click Add Embedded Report . The system opens a dialog box with a list of report views. Select a view
from the list.
5. In the Embedded Report Header field, define a display name for your report.
6. Under Selection, choose a screen field from the drop down and assign it to an appropriate report
parameter. Select the Is Default checkbox if you want the default report selection values to be used.
7. Under Filter, choose a screen field from the drop down and assign it to an appropriate report parameter.

 Note

• You can select, map, and embed multiple reports at a time.

• If you don’t provide any mapping, the system displays the report with all the data that you are
authorized to view.

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 • For better performance, use the Selection option instead of the Filter option, if the characteristic is
available on the selection tab.
• The selections added as Add Fields in report are also available for mapping.
• If a field is hidden in the header, it will be suffixed by (-) in the Screen Field drop down. For example,
Customer (-)
• The key field is always suffixed by (*). For example, Lead (*)
• If a field is pulled from the header and dropped to one of the tabs, it will be suffixed by (>) in the
Screen Field drop down.

8. Click Apply to add the report to your tab.

9. To save your settings, click your profile and select End Adaptation.

Edit an Embedded Report

To edit a report follow these steps:

1. Select the embedded report in adaptation mode.

2. In the side pane, click the back arrow to navigate to Pane and click Edit.
3. In the new pop-up window, make your changes such as renaming the report, or adding it to summary pdf.
4. Click Apply and end adaptation.

 Note

When you edit an embedded report, it moves to the end of the tab.

Delete an Embedded Report

To delete a report follow these steps:

1. Select the embedded report in adaptation mode.

2. In the side pane, click the back arrow to navigate to Pane and click Remove.
3. Click Apply and end adaptation.

3.8.1 Embedded Reports in Summary PDF

As an administrator, you can include embedded report data into a summary pdf.

As an end user you can include embedded report data into a summary pdf provided the summary is already
enabled for a UI.

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Procedure

1. Navigate to Customers Accounts and open an account where you want to embed a report.
2. Click your profile on the top right corner of your screen, and select Start Adaptation. The system opens in
the Adaptation Mode.
3. In the side pane, under Overview, click the back arrow to navigate to View and select the tab in which you
want to embed the report.
4. Click Add Embedded Report . The system opens a dialog box with a list of report views. Select a view
from the list.
5. Select the report, and then select the For Summary checkbox.

 Note

If the checkbox is disabled, hover over it to see the reason.

6. Click Apply to add the report to your tab.

7. To save your settings, click your profile and select End Adaptation.

To print the embedded data, click Summary. The system opens the summary PDF in a new window.

 Note

• You can select a maximum of three embedded reports for printing.

• You can select a report with a maximum of five columns. While generating the summary pdf, if the
system detects more than five columns in the report, it displays the data only for the first five columns.
• If the selected report has more than 200 rows, no data is shown in the summary.

 Remember

• The ID/Code and Description characteristics is merged into a single column by Analytics.
• Hierarchies in tables or characteristics are not supported. Such reports are not available for download.
• Charts are not supported. Chart data is displayed in the summary PDF in the form of a table.
• Background colors in exceptions and trend icons in conditions are not supported.
• Characteristics in columns and key figures in rows are not supported.
• Reports containing characteristics with rich text or extended text are not supported.
• UIs with summary functionality in the Cloud Applications Studio and ABSL codes that call print are not
supported.

3.9 Work with Mobile Reports

Mobile reports are browser-based reports that you can enable for mobile devices.

Note that mobile reports are by default not displayed in the reports list. You can view mobile reports by
choosing Mobile Report from the dropdown list.

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Adapting Mobile Reports

You can either open the default of the mobile report on your mobile device, or you can adapt it to your own
requirements.

1. Open the relevant mobile report.

2. In the Selection area, make any relevant value selections for variables.

 Note

To optimize using the report on your mobile device, we recommend setting the start option to Hide
Selection Area and Start Report.

3. Save the set of value selections for variables.

4. When the report is displayed in the web browser, make any relevant changes to the layout and drilldown of
the report.
5. Save the report view and set of value selections for Variables. To save the report view, from View, click Save
As. To save the set of value selections for Variable, in the Selection area, select the Edit tab page, and click
Save As.
6. Set both the report view and the Variables as default. To set the report view as default, from View, choose
Manage Views. To set the variables as default, in the Selection area, select the Manage tab page.
7. In the web browser, from the toolbar, click Set As Default.
The adapted report is now set as default for the mobile report.
Note for Administrators
To make a mobile report available to business users, administrators must assign the mobile report to a
mobile-relevant work center and to a business-relevant work center.

3.10 Role Based Access

Restrict access to certain reports by assigning them to specific business roles.

As an administrator, after you have created an analytic object, you can assign it to work centers and work
center views, making it available to business users. You can restrict the users who have access to certain
analytical objects. This restriction is based on the business roles of the users.

Reports and dashboards are supported for role based assignment. However, you cannot assign excel based
reports to a business role. KPIs and all other analytic objects are currently not supported.

Process Flow

1. Select the option for assignment by business roles in fine tuning activities
To be able to assign business roles to analytic objects, maintain business roles for users before selecting
the fine tuning option.
To use the option of assigning analytic objects by business roles, navigate to Business Configuration
Activity List Fine-Tune Administrator Analytics- Settings and select the Business Role check box.

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  Note

If you turn off the option after you have used it, you will lose all the assignments based on business
roles; and you will no longer see the option to assign analytic objects to business roles on your screens.

If you select it again, you will have to do the manual assignments again.

2. Assign users to business roles

1. Go to Administrators work center, General Settings view. Under Users, select Business Roles
2. Select a business role. To edit or check users assigned to a business role, click Edit.
To create a new business role, click New, select Business Role.
3. General tab has the ID, name and description of the business role.
Work Center And View Assignments shows the work centers and views. You can see which views the
business role is assigned to. You can add or change this assignment by selecting the check box.

 Note

Check if the access rights are consistent with the assignments you have made.

To do so, click Actions, click Check Access Rights Consistency.

Access Restrictions tab shows the read and write access to the assigned work center view for the
selected business role.
Fields & Actions tab shows the field restrictions for the particular business role.
In Assigned Business Users tab, you can see the list of users that are assigned to the selected business
role. To edit this assignment, go to Administrator work center, General Settings view. Under Users, click
Business Users.
4. Once completed, click Actions and select Activate the business role.
3. Assign reports to business roles
You can assign reports to only those business roles that have access to the work center views where the
report is assigned. For more information, see Assign A Report [page 37].

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3.11 Example Report: Display the Last Logon Date and
Timestamp for Active Users

Lists the steps involved in creating a report.

3.11.1 Create a Joined Data Source

Create a joined data source to suit your business requirements and processes.

Procedure

1. In the Business Analytics work center, choose Design Data Sources New Joined Data Source . Enter
an appropriate name and description for the data source.
2. On the New Joined Data Source screen, click Add Data Source.

Note that a maximum of five data sources can be joined.

3. On the Add Data Source dialog, select the User Logon Activity data source from the dropdown list.
You can then view which characteristics and key figures are available for the selected data source. Choose
Client Type, Last Logon Timestamp, Logon Date, and User characteristics from the list, and click OK.
4. On the Add Data Source dialog screen, select the Identity data source from the dropdown list, and then
select User Account Inactive characteristic from the list, and click OK.
5. On the New Joined Data Source screen, select the value help for the Identity data source in the User
characteristic row.
6. Choose User ID characteristic under Obsolete column.
7. Click Save and Close.

Results

The joined data source is now available for reporting.

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3.11.2 Create a Report Based on the Joined Data Source

Administrators can create reports based on data sources.

Procedure

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Reports New Report . Enter an appropriate name and
description for the report.
2. In the Data Source value help, select the joined data source that you created. Under the Properties section,
set the Only for Master Data switch on, and click Next.
3. Select all the characteristics, and click Next.
4. Choose the value selection for Client Type and Logon Date characteristics as Using Variable, and click Next.
5. Choose the selection type for the Client Type characteristic as Multiple Values, and for the Logon Date as
Interval, and click Next.
6. Review the data, and click Finish.

Results

The report is now available. To test the report, click Create View for this Report in a Web Browser.

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4 Data Sources

The same data is often available in different data sources. For example, the characteristic Product is available in
different data sources, depending on how products are involved in business processes. Thus, you can find the
characteristic in reports of different business areas, such as Purchasing and Financials.

From the Design Data Sources work center view, administrators can create their own combined and joined data
sources that merge data from different data sources.

Types of Data Sources [page 94]

A brief description of the different types of data sources available.

Create and Edit a Combined Data Source [page 98]

Create and edit combined data sources to suit your business requirements and processes.

Create and Edit a Joined Data Source [page 100]

Create and edit joined data sources to suit your business requirements and processes.

Create and Edit a Cloud Data Source [page 102]

Cloud data sources are useful if you want to upload analytical data from external sources into your
solution for reporting purposes.

Preview a Data Source [page 115]

Preview the data of data sources in a Web browser.

Add Extension Fields to Data Sources and Reports [page 116]

As an administrator you can add an extension field to a data source that is based on the same business
context as the extension field. You can then add the field to any report based on the data source.

4.1 Types of Data Sources

A brief description of the different types of data sources available.

SAP Delivered Data Sources

Data sources delivered by SAP serve as the basis for the content of created data sources. Administrators can
select data sources from a range of business areas for their own data sources.

Combined Data Sources

A combined data source is a type of data source that combines two or more data sources. The data sources
of which the combined data source consists usually have a set of common characteristics but semantically
different key figures.

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 Depiction of a Combined Data Source

You usually combine data sources when the data sources that you want to combine have the semantically
similar characteristics but key figures that are unique to each data source. Alternatively, you can combine data
sources when the characteristics you require for a report are not available in one data source.

When you build a report using a combined data source, all characteristic values are displayed along with any
key figure values. Combined data sources are therefore useful if you want to filter large amounts of data in a
report. The following example shows a result set of a combined data source.

Example of a Result Set of a Combined Data Source

Joined Data Sources

A joined data source is a type of data source that contains characteristic values that match from the
data sources to be joined along with any key figure values. You can have more than one join, that is, the
characteristic that joins the data sources, in your joined data source. The more joins there are in a joined data
source, the more restricted the data that is available for reports.

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When you build a report using a joined data source, characteristic values that match in the joined
characteristics in the data sources are displayed along with values that are in the same row. Joined data
sources are therefore useful if you want to restrict the amount of data available for a report.

Depending on your business requirements, you can select from the following join types. Note that the anchor is
displayed for both join types in the system but only affects the data in a joined data source that uses a left outer
join.

Inner Join

An inner join is a join that selects only those characteristic values from the data sources to be joined that match
in the joined data source field along with any key figure values. Characteristic values in the joined data source
fields that do not appear in both data sources are excluded.

Depiction of an Inner Join

The following example shows a result set of a joined data source that uses an inner join.

Example of a Result Set of a Joined Data Source That Uses an Inner Join

Left Outer Join

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A left outer join is a join that selects all characteristics values from the data source that is selected as the
anchor and those characteristic values that match in the data sources that are added along with any key figure
values. By default, the first data source that you select is the anchor.

Depiction of a Left Outer Join

 Note

Note that setting the anchor to a different data source affects the values available since the joined data
source fields may also change.Example of a Result Set of a Joined Data Source That Uses a Left Outer Join

Depiction of an Anchor Change

The following example shows a result set of a joined data source that uses a left outer join.

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 Example of a Result Set of a Joined Data Source That Uses a Left Outer Join

4.2 Create and Edit a Combined Data Source

Create and edit combined data sources to suit your business requirements and processes.

Procedure

1. In the Design Data Source work center view, from New, choose the Combined Data Source option.
By default, the combined data source contains the Counter key figure. The Counter key figure counts the
number of instances of a specified object.
2. On the New Combined Data Source screen, click Add Data Source.
3. On the Add Data Source dialog screen, select a data source from the dropdown list. You can then view
which characteristics and key figures are available in the selected data source. The initial selections serve
as a basis for the combined data source. The characteristics and key figures are then displayed in the
Combined Data Source Fields column.

 Note

Only data sources that have compatible access contexts can be added to the combined data source.
For example, a data source can be added if the data source and the combined data source have a
common access context. Data sources that have unrestricted as an access context can always be
added.

Thereby the number of available data sources to be combined may be reduced.

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 4. Select one or more additional data sources for the combined data source and add the data sources
accordingly.

 Note

When you add data sources to the combined data source, the system checks whether the
characteristics and key figures in the additional data sources are also available in the data source
that you selected as a basis for the combined data source.

If the characteristic or key figure is already available in the combined data source, the system maps the
characteristic or key figure and positions the characteristic or key figure in the same row across all data
sources.

If the characteristic or key figure is not already available in the combined data source, the system adds
the characteristic or key figure to the combined data source.

Other Functions

Remove Data The Remove Data Source dialog screen appears, showing the data sources that you have
Source added. You can remove data sources by clicking the relevant checkbox.

Add Row Adds a row to be defined by you. Once you have added a characteristic or key figure, the
system adds the characteristic or key figure to the relevant field type group.

Remove Row Deletes the selected row. Note that the selected characteristic or key figure is only removed
from the combined data source.

Check Checks whether characteristics and key figures semantically match in the selected data
Mapping sources. Note you can change the mapping. It is not necessary characteristics have the
same name, but they must match semantically. For example, in your company, sales units
and cost centers are one and the same.

Result

The combined data source is available for reporting. You can create reports using data from the combined data
source. For information about creating reports, see Working with Reports Using the Report Wizard [page 19].

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4.3 Create and Edit a Joined Data Source

Create and edit joined data sources to suit your business requirements and processes.

Procedure

1. In the Design Data Source work center view, from New, choose the Joined Data Source option.
By default, the joined data source contains the Counter key figure. The Counter key figure counts the
number of instances of a specified object.
2. On the New Joined Data Source screen, click Add Data Source.
Note that a maximum of 5 data sources can be joined.
3. On the Add Data Source dialog screen, select a data source from the dropdown list. You can then view
which characteristics and key figures are available in the selected data source. The initial selections serve
as a basis for the joined data source. The characteristics and key figures are then displayed in the Joined
Data Source Fields column.
4. Select one or more additional data sources for the joined data source and add the data sources
accordingly.

 Note

When you add data sources to the joined data source, the system checks whether the characteristics
and key figures in the additional data sources are also available in the data source that you selected as
a basis for the joined data source.

If the characteristic or key figure is already available in the joined data source, the system positions the
characteristic or key figure in the same row across all data sources.

If the characteristic or key figure is not already available in the joined data source, the system adds the
characteristic or key figure to the joined data source.

If you are joining a cloud data source with any other data source, ensure that the characteristics
involved in join conditions are not compound characteristics.

Note that if the characteristic is already available in the data source that is the anchor, the system
creates a join. The more joins there are in a joined data source, the more restricted the data that is
available for reports.

Other Functions

Remove Data The Remove Data Source dialog screen appears, showing the data sources that you have
Source added. You can remove data sources by clicking the relevant checkbox.

Add Row Adds a row to be defined by you. Once you have added a characteristic or key figure, the
system adds the characteristic or key figure to the relevant field type group.

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 Remove Row Deletes the selected row. Note that the selected characteristic or key figure is only removed
from the joined data source

Check Checks whether the joined data source is consistent.

Set Anchor Sets the anchor to the selected data source.

The data source that is the anchor is the basis for any joins. Depending on the type of join,
changing the anchor to a different data source can change the joined data source fields.

Set Access Sets the access context to the access context of the selected data source.
Context

Result

The joined data source is available for reporting. You can create reports using data from the joined data source.
For information about creating reports, see Working with Reports Using the Report Wizard [page 19].

By default, all fields in the joined data source are visible. Note that you can further influence the visibility of
characteristics and key figures. Under Personalize This Screen , you can add the Visibility column to the
table.

Value Description

Visible for End User Personalization Business users can add characteristics along with their at-
tributes as well as key figures when working with reports in a
Web browser using Add Fields.

Visible for Report Modeling Only administrators can view characteristics along with their
attributes as well as key figures. Characteristics and key
figures for which this value is set are visible in the Report
Wizard guided activity and when working with the report in a
Web browser.

Always Hidden Fields are not visible when creating or working with reports.
This value is useful if you have a field in a joined data source
that is only used to join two data sources; you are not inter-
ested in the actual data.

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4.4 Create and Edit a Cloud Data Source

Cloud data sources are useful if you want to upload analytical data from external sources into your solution for
reporting purposes.

Context

From the Design Data Sources work center view, depending on whether you want to create or edit, choose the
relevant option. To create a cloud data source, click New, and choose Cloud Data Source. To edit a cloud data
source, select the relevant data source and click Edit.

 Note

• The total number of fields that you can upload in a cloud data source is 150.
• When you edit and save a cloud data source, the data in the data source is deleted. You must reload the
data based on the changes you make to the cloud data source.

Procedure

1. Enter an ID and name.

 Note

Note that the Data Source ID must begin with the letter Z.

2. Select a usage from the dropdown list. The usage of the cloud data source depends on whether you want
the cloud data source to be referenced by other data sources or whether you want to have a description
field available for the corresponding characteristic.

Data Types for Cloud Data Source Fields

Usage Explanation

Master Data with Description You can use the data source as a reference and can refer-
ence other data sources.

A description field is generated for the corresponding

characteristic field. You can then create and upload text
descriptions for master data that is available.

When previewing the data source or report based on the

data source, you can then decide to show the description
using the display settings for characteristics.

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 Usage Explanation

Master Data without Description You can use the data source as a reference and can refer-
ence other data sources.

You do not require additional text descriptions for master

data.

Transactional Data You want to use the data source primarily for transactional
data and can reference other data sources.

3. Optional: Select the Manual Data Upload checkbox if you want to upload external file formats such as CSV.
4. Click Add Row to enter the data source fields. The following table gives you an overview of all the available
fields.

Settings for Data Source Fields

Name Description

Primary Key A field or group of fields that uniquely identifies data re-
cords in a data source.

 Note
• The maximum number of fields that you can
mark as primary key is 15.
• The sum total of the length of all primary keys
should not exceed 300 characters.

Field ID The technical ID of the field. Only upper case letters (A, B,
… Z), numbers (0, 1, … 9) and the underscore character
(_) are allowed. The maximum number of fields that you
can mark as primary key is 15.

Field Name The semantic name of the field.

Note that the maximum size of the field name is limited to

30 characters.

Data Type See the Data Types for Cloud Data Source Fields [page
112] section.

Length The maximum number of fields that you can mark The
length of the field. Depending on the data type you select,
you can define the length of the field.

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 Name Description

Upper Case An indicator that allows you to convert entries in the fields
to upper case letters. Note that the field name is not af-
fected.

If this indicator is set, then the system differentiates be-

tween lower and upper case letters. If this indicator is not
set, then the system converts all the letters into upper
case.

If you use letters in lower case, then you must be aware

of what happens when you enter a string for a variable
defined in a report based on the data source. Specifically,
if you use the characteristic in a variable, then the system
only can find the values for the characteristic if the lower
and upper case letters are entered accurately in the input
field for the variable.

Alpha Conversion An indicator that presets the format of characteristics of

the Char data type. Alpha conversion is often used, for
example, with account numbers or document numbers.

If you set this indicator, when converting from an external

to an internal format, the system checks if the entry in
the input field is numerical or alphanumerical with blank
spaces before and/or after the string of digits.

If the string is numerical, then the string is copied to the

output field, right-aligned, and the space on the left is
filled with zeros.

If the string is alphanumerical, then the string is copied to

the output field from the left to right and the space to the
right remains blank.

Input and output fields are each 8 characters long:

• '1234 ' –> '00001234'
• 'ABCD ' –> 'ABCD '

Referencing Data Source Data source from which a characteristic is referenced as a

key field

 Note
The field is editable only if you choose the data type
as char.

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 Name Description

Referencing Data Source Key Field Referenced characteristic used as a foreign key. Foreign
keys are usually not available for entry, because the value
is taken from the referenced characteristic in the data
source. This ensures that the characteristic values are
consistent.

The system automatically fills the data type and length of

referencing data source and referencing data source key
fields.

 Note
The field is editable only if you choose the data type
as char.

Key for Master Data A key that enables you to add text descriptions to fields
that have the Char data type. It also enables the corre-
sponding field to be referenced by other data sources.

Parent Characteristic for Hierarchy Arranges the characteristics as a hierarchy, with the char-
acteristic you enter as the parent node of the hierarchy.

Aggregation Type Code Gives you an option to select the required aggregation
type for the key figure. The available options are: Maxi-
mum, Minimum, Summation.

5. Click Save.

Access Context [page 106]

Data that originates in the solution is access context sensitive. This means that SAP-delivered data
sources are associated with access contexts to ensure that data is directed to users who are allowed to
view it.

Upload Options [page 106]

You can upload data manually or through a web service.

Upload/Download Cloud Data Source [page 112]

When you download a cloud data source and upload it to a tenant where the same cloud data source
already exists, the data in the existing data source gets deleted.

Data Types for Cloud Data Source Fields [page 112]

When creating a Cloud data source, you need to decide how the data source is to be modeled.
Depending on whether you want to create characteristics or key figures, set the data type accordingly.

Examples [page 114]

The following examples illustrate how data from defined Cloud data sources may appear when
previewed either directly in the data source or in a report.

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4.4.1 Access Context

Data that originates in the solution is access context sensitive. This means that SAP-delivered data sources are
associated with access contexts to ensure that data is directed to users who are allowed to view it.

Since the data for a Cloud data source originates from an external source, Cloud data sources have no access
context assigned. This means that the data is unrestricted. You should therefore ensure that the data is
suitable for all users if you build reports using only Cloud data sources as a basis.

 Note

If you use a Cloud data source in a joined or combined data source with SAP-delivered data sources, then
the access context of the corresponding SAP-delivered data source serves as the access context of the
joined or combined data source.

4.4.2 Upload Options

You can upload data manually or through a web service.

 Note

SAP provides the Cloud Data Source feature to upload aggregated data to SAP Cloud for Customer for
integrated reporting purpose.

You can add a maximum of 100,000 records per upload. However, it is recommended that you use this
feature sparingly, and do not upload huge volume of data to Cloud Data Source. At any given point of time
you should not have more than five million records in Cloud Data Source.

4.4.2.1 Manual Upload

To upload data manually to your solution, when creating or editing a Cloud data source, ensure that the Manual
Data Upload checkbox is selected. The data to be uploaded must be saved as a CSV file.

 Note

While uploading CSV files, ensure the following:

• The maximum limit of entries per upload is 100,000.

• The maximum limit of entries overall is 5,000,000.
• The decimal separator is a period (.) and the field delimiter is a semicolon (;). Thousand separators are
not supported.
• Enter the same delimiter that is used in the CSV file.
• The CSV file is encoded using UTF-8. You may have to change the encoding option of the file. For
information about changing the encoding option, see the help documentation of the product you use to
edit the CSV file. Encoding options may be available from a Save As dialog window, for example.

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You have three options available when uploading data:

• Merge: Modifies existing data records (with the same key) and inserts data records with the new key.
• Overwrite: Deletes the existing data records and inserts new data records.
• Delete: Deletes existing data based on your selection.

The following graphic provides an example of the two options.

Upload options

You must also ensure that the field names in the first row of the file match the field IDs of the data source.

4.4.2.2 Upload Using a Web Service

Context

To create and edit Cloud data sources using a Web service, you must set up a communication and system and
arrangement, and use the service URL to pull the data into your solution.

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Procedure

1. Create a communication system.

a. Navigate to Administrator General Settings Integration Communication Systems .

b. In the Communication Systems view, click New.
c. In the Communication System section, enter the details of the communication system, as follows:

• ID is used as the template for the technical user in the communication arrangement.
• Host Name has to be supplied, but is not used.
• For the System Access Type, select Internet.
d. When you have entered all the details, click Save and Close to return to the Communication Systems
view. The communication system you just created has the status In Preparation.
e. In the Communication Systems view, select the communication system you have created and click
Actions, then choose Set to Active.

If the status changes to Active, the configuration is ready to be used.

2. Create a communication arrangement.

a. Navigate to Administrator General Settings Integration Communication Arrangements .

b. To open the New Communication Arrangement guided activity, in the Communication Arrangements
view, click New.
c. In the Select Scenario step, select Analytics Data Upload and click Next.
d. In the Define Business Data step, enter business data.

• In the System Instance ID field, choose or enter the communication system ID that you created.
e. In the Define Technical Data step, define the technical settings for inbound communication.

• For a communication method, select Direct Connection.

• For an application protocol, select Web Service.
• For an authentication method, select User ID and Password.
• Next to the User ID field, click Edit Credentials.
The user ID is automatically predefined, but you must create a password, as follows:
• Choose Change Password.
• Enter a password and confirm it.
• Click Edit Advanced Settings and note the service URL, which you require to upload data.
3. Download a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file. The WSDL file is used to set up a Web service
in the target system.

a. Navigate to Administrator General Settings Integration Communication Arrangements .

b. Choose the relevant communication arrangement and click Edit.
c. Click the Technical Data tab page.
d. Click Edit Advanced Settings.
e. Click Download WSDL.
f. Name and save the WSDL file; the file is required for setting up communication.
4. Ensure that the solution URL is a trusted site.

You can do so, for example, by checking either the security report or the list of trusted sites of the Web
browser.

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 5. Export the relevant certificates from the Web browser.

The certificates are required to create a secure connection.

You can often find export functions under the tool options of the Web browser. Depending on the Web
browser, you might need to run the browser as an administrator to export the certificate. You might
also need to import the certificate before exporting it. For information about importing and exporting
certificates, see the documentation of the Web browser.

You need to export the following certificates from the Web browser, regardless of the authentication
method you have chosen:
• the GTE CyberTrust Global Root certificate
• the GTE CyberTrust SureServer Standard Validation CA certificate
6. Use the Web Service URL.

The following section describes the structure of the service.

Service: /sap/bc/srt/scs/sap/analyticsdatauploadin

Example Structure

<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Header/>
<soap:Body>
<n0:AnalyticsDataUploadRequest xmlns:n0="http://sap.com/xi/SAPGlobal20/
Global">
<BusinessDocumentBasicMessageHeader>
<ID schemeID="Token 1" schemeAgencyID="Token 2"
schemeAgencySchemeAgencyID="Tok">Token 4</ID>
<UUID schemeID="Token 5" schemeAgencyID="Token 6">12345678-90AB-
CDEF-0123-456789ABCDEF</UUID>
<ReferenceID schemeID="Token 7" schemeAgencyID="Token 8"
schemeAgencySchemeAgencyID="Tok">Token 10</ReferenceID>
<ReferenceUUID schemeID="Token 11" schemeAgencyID="Token 12">12345678-90AB-
CDEF-0123-456789ABCDEF</ReferenceUUID>
<BusinessDocumentBasicMessageHeader>
<AnalyticsDataUploadRequestContent>
<MDAVName>Token 13</MDAVDefinitionNName>
<AnalyticsImportMethod>Token 14</AnalyticsImportMethod>
<Data>String 15</Data>
<AnalyticsDataUploadRequestContent>
</n0:AnalyticsDataUploadRequest>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

The mandatory tokens (strings in green) must be populated with the following information.

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 MDAVName (Token 13) ID of the data source

AnalyticsImportMethod (Token 14) MERGE Modifies existing data records (with the
same key) and inserts data records with
the new key.

OVERWRITE Deletes the existing data records and in-

serts new data records.

DELETE Deletes the existing data records.

DELETESEL Deletes selected records on web service.

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 MDAVName (Token 13) ID of the data source

Data (String 15) The first line contains the field IDs to be loaded and de-
fines the order. All other lines contain the data. Use semi-
colons, as shown below, for separation.

<DATA>
REGION;PRODUCT;KF1;
US;MC1000;9456;
DE;MC2000;1255;
DE;MC2200;3654;
</DATA>

 Note
If you have a text that contains symbols such as sem-
icolon (;) or quotation mark (“), then you will get an
error. To avoid this, ensure that you do the following:
• Include the entire text containing symbols in a
double quote to indicate that it’s a special case.
E.g., [“Boiler 6” handle”] instead of [Boiler 6”
handle]
• For each quote within the text containing sym-
bols, add another double quote. [““Factory””] in-
stead of [“Factory”]
• Enclose the symbol with double quotes. E.g,
[ “;” ] instead of [;]

Example:

Incorrect data: Correct data:

<DATA> <DATA>
REGION;PRODUCT;P REGION;PRODUCT;P
RODUCT_NAME;KF1; RODUCT_NAME;KF1;
US;MC1000;Boiler US;MC1000;”Boile
6” handle;9456; r 6””
DE;MC2000;Pipeli handle”;9456;
ne;Cylinder DE;MC2000;”Pipel
shape;1255; ine”;”Cylinder
DE;MC2200;Boiler shape”;1255;
”Factory”;3654; DE;MC2200;”Boile
</DATA> r””Factory”””;36
54; </DATA>

7. Consume Cloud data source using a Web service

The SAP Cloud platform uses SOAP Web services as its core method of integration. It is a simple, thin
client and you need to load the XML as your payload to retrieve records or do inserts and updates to
records.

To consume Cloud data sources using a Web service, you are required to have downloaded the WSDL to
your local system, as explained in Step 3 of “Upload using a Web service”.

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  Note

SOAP UI is an open-source, diagnostic tool that can be used to test calling Web services in any SAP
Cloud solution. It is not a production tool that can be used to perform the actual integration. With
SOAP UI, you can diagnose issues — regardless of your environment, the network, and so on — that
block your integration using the SAP Web service. SAP does not provide support for the tool, nor pay
for the license. If you require support for the tool, then you must purchase the paid version. Please refer
to the documentation available within the tool to help you carry out the necessary steps.

4.4.3 Upload/Download Cloud Data Source

When you download a cloud data source and upload it to a tenant where the same cloud data source already
exists, the data in the existing data source gets deleted.

An existing cloud data source gets deleted in the following use cases:

• If an embedded report uses cloud data source, during a layout export and import, the cloud data source is
regenerated at the target, thereby deleting the data.
• During key user analytical objects download and upload, if a cloud data source is moved, the existing data
source is regenerated at the target, thereby deleting the data.

 Note

If the cloud data source is part of a joined or combined data source, the upload/download function does
not work.

4.4.4 Data Types for Cloud Data Source Fields

When creating a Cloud data source, you need to decide how the data source is to be modeled. Depending on
whether you want to create characteristics or key figures, set the data type accordingly.

Data Types for Key Figures

Name Description

Amount A monetary sum with a currency unit.

28 integer places are allowed.

6 decimal places are allowed.

If the uploaded value has more than 6 decimal places, then

the sixth decimal place value is rounded to the nearest num-
ber.

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 Name Description

Quantity A definite amount of an item with a unit of measure. Note

that you are allowed to enter only ISO codes as units of
measure. For example, KGM (Kilogram), GRM (Gram), BG
(Bag), BO (Bottle), EA (Each), and so on.

28 integer places are allowed.

6 decimal places are allowed.

If the uploaded value has more than 6 decimal places, then

the sixth decimal place value is rounded to the nearest num-
ber.

Integer 4 byte integer, whole number with +/- sign.

Only values between -2147483648 and 2147483647 are al-

lowed.

Decimal Number Numeric value without a currency unit or unit of measure.

28 integer places are allowed.

6 decimal places are allowed.

If the uploaded value has more than 6 decimal places, then

the sixth decimal place value is rounded to the nearest num-
ber.

Data Types for Characteristics

Name Description

Char Alphanumerical string with a character length between 1 and

60.

Date Date field in YYYYMMDD format.

Time Time field in HHMMSS format.

Week Date field as calendar week in WW format.

Month Date field in MM format.

Quarter Date field in Q format.

Year Date field in YYYY format.

Year Month Date field in YYYY-MM format.

Year Quarter Date field in YYYY-Q-# format.

Year Week Date field in YYYY-W-# format.

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4.4.5 Examples

The following examples illustrate how data from defined Cloud data sources may appear when previewed either
directly in the data source or in a report.

 Note

Note that the examples do not contain all fields that can be used to define a Cloud data source.

Usage: Master data with Description

You can reference fields in other data sources in a Cloud data source. In the following example, the PRODUCTS
Cloud data sources reference the description of the ACCOUNTID field from the ACCOUNT Cloud data source.
As previewed, the description is displayed, rather than the ID.

Referencing data source and key field

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 Usage: Master data without description, characteristic hierarchy

You can create Cloud data sources that contain a characteristic hierarchy.

 Note

Note that you must set the Key for Master Data indicator for the characteristic that is the child node and
indicate which characteristic is the parent node.

You must also ensure that all characteristic values in the hierarchy are uploaded with the child characteristic.

4.5 Preview a Data Source

Preview the data of data sources in a Web browser.

In the preview mode, administrators can view the data similar to how end users view the data in a report. From
the preview mode, administrators can then navigate to the Report Wizard from which they can create a report
based on the data source.

By default, key figures available with a data source are displayed in columns, rows are empty, and
characteristics available with the data source are listed in the Not Currently Shown list.

Since you preview the data similar to how end users view the data in a report, the functions available are
the same as those available when working with a report in a Web browser; the range of functions available
however are limited to those required to preview data in the data source. For example, when previewing a data
source, the functions available for saving and managing report views are not available. For more information,
see Viewing Reports with the Web Browser Option [page 41].

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4.6 Add Extension Fields to Data Sources and Reports

As an administrator you can add an extension field to a data source that is based on the same business context
as the extension field. You can then add the field to any report based on the data source.

The following table shows whether an extension field can be used as a key figure or characteristic.

Analytics Usage for Extension Fields

Extension Field Type Analytics Usage

Amount Key Figure

Quantity Key Figure

Decimal Number Key Figure

E-Mail Address Characteristic

Indicator Characteristic

List Characteristic

Text Characteristic

Time Characteristic

Date Characteristic

Web Address Characteristic

Multivalue List Characteristic

Formatted Text Characteristic

Global Data Type Sub-Type:

• IntegerValue: Key Figure

• Percent: Key Figure
• CountryCode: Characteristic
• CurencyCode: Characteristic
• REGIONDEPENDENT_LanguageCode: Characteristic
• MeasueUnitCode: Characteristic
• PhoneNumber: Characteristic

Prerequisites

• You are an administrator and are assigned to the Business Analytics work center.

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 • You have created an extension field in the relevant business context.

 Note

Since data in data sources might contain data from multiple business contexts, you may want to add
the same extension field to screens in additional business contexts.

Example

You have created an extension field as a characteristic in the Customer Return - General Information business
context and want to add this extension field to the Customer Returns data source. Since this data source
contains data from sales orders, the Sales Order - General Information business context is also available as an
additional business context.

To avoid reporting twice on the same business data, add the extension field as a characteristic in the relevant
additional business context. If you create another field with the same business logic in the Sales Order - General
Information business context, and also add this field to the data source, two separate fields as characteristics
appear in the data source.

Procedure

1. Click your profile on the top right corner of your screen, and select Start Adaptation.
2. Navigate to the screen where the extension field exists and click to select the relevant section. The
system highlights the section with a red box.
3. In the side pane, click next to Header to see the list of available fields.
4. Navigate to the extension field and click next to it. The system highlights the extension field with a red
box to indicate that it is editable.
5. Click Edit. The system opens the details for the field.
6. Navigate to the Reporting tab. The system displays the Data Sources and Reports tables with the list of
available data sources and reports.
7. Click the Edit icon and the Action column appears in the tables.
8. Under Action, click the Add Field icon next to the report or data source where you want to add the
extension field. The system indicates that it has been added with a check sign in the Field Added column.
9. Click Save.
10. Click your profile and select End Adaptation.

Note that if you want to make further changes to the report, such as changing the layout, you must create a
new report view.

To create a new report based on the data source, navigate to the Business Analytics work center, Design
Reports view and create a new report that uses this extension field.

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Result

The extension field as a characteristic is added to the data source or report.

The extension field as a key figure is only added to the data source or report if the aggregation of the extension
field as a key figure and of the data source or report match.

Work with Multivalue Lists [page 118]

As an administrator, you can create extension fields of type Multivalue List. This allows you to select
multiple values from the drop down option of that particular field. You can also search with multiple
values in the advanced filter option.

4.6.1 Work with Multivalue Lists

As an administrator, you can create extension fields of type Multivalue List. This allows you to select multiple
values from the drop down option of that particular field. You can also search with multiple values in the
advanced filter option.

This document shows how to work with a multivalue list. To do that, follow the steps below:

Create an extension field and apply it to a business object

1. Open an instance of a business object where you want to add an extension field. For example, an Employee,
Lead, Customer.
2. Select an area, for example, the overview area, header area, and so on, where you would like to add the
extension.
3. Go to your user profile, and from the dropdown list select Start Adaptation. The system opens in the
Adaptation Mode.
4. Select the UI component and the underlying section where you want to create the extension field. The
system highlights the section with a red box.
5. Click Add Field to open the list of available fields.
6. Select Create Fields. The New Field dialog box opens.
1. The system displays the business context to which you have chosen to add the field. The business
context is determined based on the screen section that you selected.
If you have tried to create an extension field in a screen section that is based on two different business
contexts then you can choose which one better suits your purpose. For example, you may have to
choose between adding an extension field at header level of a business document or at item level.
The business context is used to determine which other screens you can add the field to and, in
addition, the form templates, analytical data sources and reports, enterprise search categories, and
extension scenarios that the field can be added to.
2. Enter a label.
The label is the text that will appear next to the field on the screen.
3. The system sets the label name as the technical name. You can change the technical name later if you
want.

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 4. Select the field type as Multivalued List.
5. Select Add Row and define your values. For example, Football, baseball, basketball, Golf, tennis.
6. Save your changes.
The dialog box closes and the new field is visible in the list of available fields.
7. Select the checkbox next to the field and click Apply. The field is now added to the master layout and is
now available for all users.
8. To save your settings, click your profile and select End Adaptation.

Create or Maintain Instances for the Business Object

1. Go to the object, and click on the newly added extension field, in this example, Employee > Sports. The
system displays the values that you added earlier.
2. Select one or more values (for example, Football, Tennis) from the multivalued dropdown list and click
Save.

Repeat the steps for all the required employees.

 Note

To edit or maintain values, please add the extension field through the business object and Quick Create.

Add the extension field to the Advanced Filter section of the Object Work
List (OWL)

 Note

To use it as a filter parameter, add it under the advanced query of the OWL. To view it as read-only, add it
under quick view or OWL.

1. Click on the Show Advanced Filter icon in the OWL.

2. Get into the adaptation mode.
3. Hover over any field and select the Add Items >Add Fields option.
4. In the pop-up, select the newly created multivalue list and click Apply. You can see the field in the Advanced
Filter section.
5. Exit the adaptation mode.

Search values in the Advanced Filter field.

1. Click on the Show Advanced Filter icon. The system displays the new field, Sports, in this example.
2. Click on the drop down to see the values. Select the values that you require, for example, Football, Tennis,
and click Go.

The system displays all the employee records that have listed Football or Tennis under Sports.

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Note that the values searched are based on the OR search.

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5 Key Figures

Key figures are data items with numeric values and have an associated unit of measure or currency assigned.
Some examples are pipeline value, Invoice Net Value, Purchase Order Quantity or tickets in queue.

In the Design Key Figures work center view, administrators have an overview of calculated and restricted key
figures and key figure structures available in data sources.

An overview of calculated and restricted key figures in the system enables administrators to determine which
data sources suit the business requirements for reports. It also enables administrators to determine whether
they need to create any restricted or calculated key figures.

Create and Edit a Key Figure [page 121]

You can create your own calculated and restricted key figures for use in reports.

Create Dynamic UI Labels for Restricted Key Figures [page 124]

Configure a UI label for restricted key figures so that when you run a report, the system dynamically
changes the column header to reflect the values that you have defined in the system. This is relevant
for time-based labels. For example, if you run a report for the current year, the system shows the
column label as the actual year, 2014 or 2015, instead of current year.

Add Extension Fields as Key Figures [page 124]

As an administrator, you can add an extension field as a key figure to data sources.

Formulas [page 125]

Using the formula editor, create calculated key figures derived from existing key figures, such as basic
key figures, restricted key figures, and calculated key figures using the available operands, operators,
and a numeric keypad.

Aggregation [page 131]

To enable the calculation of key figures, the system has to aggregate key figure values from the data
source, and formulas may also need to be calculated.

Cumulate [page 132]

Use this function to cumulate the individual cells in an area.

Local Calculation [page 133]

Recalculate single values and results of a report based on certain criteria. For example, you can create
ranked lists, or you can calculate the total for a Top 10 product list locally.

Conversion [page 135]

Define conversion for calculated key figures that you create.

5.1 Create and Edit a Key Figure

You can create your own calculated and restricted key figures for use in reports.

You can access this task from one of the following:

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• Under Common Tasks
• From the Design Reports work center view, in the Select Key Figures step of the Report Wizard
• From the Design Key Figures work center view

Procedure

1. Define Key Figure and Select Data Source

We recommend providing a name and description for the key figure so that the business user can identify
its use in reports.
Select a data source from which the key figure is to be selected. Note that if you have navigated to this
activity from the Report Wizard, the data source is prefilled with the selection you made.
Depending on the type of key figure you want to create, make the appropriate selection.
2. Restrict/Calculate Key Figure
• Create a Restricted Key Figure
A restricted key figure is a key figure that is restricted to a specified characteristic value.
For the key figure you have selected to restrict, make settings for the relevant characteristics. Different
restriction settings are available depending on the restriction type you choose for the selected
characteristic. The following restriction types are available:
• Variable
Restricts the selected characteristic using the variable you have specified.

Restriction Setting Description

Variable Name You must select the variable with which the specified
characteristic can be restricted.

Hierarchy For the specified variable, you can choose if hierarchy

values are available using the More option to the left
the variable entry field on the variables screen.

Selection Type If you have decided that hierarchy value can be dis-
played, you can choose whether single or multiple
hierarchy nodes can be selected.

If you choose no hierarchy, the following options are

available for value selections:
• Any Selection
• Interval
• Multiple Values
• Single Value

Mandatory You can choose whether the business user has to

make a value selection for the specified variable.

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 Restriction Setting Description

Default Value You can make default value selections using variables
that business users can change.

• Fixed
Restricts the selected characteristic to a fixed value selection.
You make fixed restrictions using the Restriction field.

 Note

You can configure a UI label for restricted key figures so that when you run a report, the system
dynamically changes the column header to reflect the values that you have defined in the
system. For more information, see Create a Dynamic UI Label for Restricted Key figures [page
124].

• Create a Calculated Key Figure

A calculated key figure is a key figure that is determined using calculation rules or formulas.
You can create a calculated key figure derived from existing key figures in the data source you have
selected.
For example, you can create a formula to determine the number of customers for which zero activity
has been recorded: EQ(Number of Customers, 0)
For more information, see Formulas [page 125].

3. Define Properties

 Note

This is an optional step for advanced business cases.

For information about the functions available in this step, see the following:
• Local Calculation [page 133]
• Conversion [page 135]
• Cumulate [page 132]
• Exception Aggregation [page 131]
4. Review
Review your details. If you need to make any changes, you can go back to one of the previous steps. Click
Finish to save your key figure.
5. Confirmation
The system gives you a message that the key figure has been saved. Create a new key figure or click Close
to go back to the Design Key Figures overview screen.

 Note

You do not have to complete all steps in the New Key Figure task: only the first two steps are mandatory.
This is indicated by an asterisk (*).

You can create a key figure by entering a name, selecting a data source, defining a restriction or calculation,
and clicking Finish.

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5.2 Create Dynamic UI Labels for Restricted Key Figures

Configure a UI label for restricted key figures so that when you run a report, the system dynamically changes
the column header to reflect the values that you have defined in the system. This is relevant for time-based
labels. For example, if you run a report for the current year, the system shows the column label as the actual
year, 2014 or 2015, instead of current year.

Procedure

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Figures and click New. The system opens a New Key Figure
guided activity.
2. Under Key Figure, provide a Name and Description.
3. Under Data Source, select a Name from the dropdown list.
4. Under Type, choose Restricted Key Figure, and then select a key figure from the dropdown list.
5. Click Next to go to the Restrict/Calculate Key Figure activity.
6. Click Add Row and under Characteristic, select a value.

 Note

You can select only a time-based characteristic.

7. Under Restriction Type, select Fixed.

8. To open a new dialog box click Set Fixed Value Selection and then click the More icon.
9. Choose the Relative Select radio button and select your desired relative value from the dropdown. Click OK.

Example: If you choose, “Current year as YYYY”, when you run a report, the system shows the column label
as 2014 or 2015, whatever is the actual year, instead of “current year”.
10. Click Next to move to Properties.
11. Under the heading Key Figure Label, select the Variable Label checkbox. The system displays the Relative
Select field.
12. Select the label you require and click Next.
13. Review your details and click Finish to save your label.

5.3 Add Extension Fields as Key Figures

As an administrator, you can add an extension field as a key figure to data sources.

On the Data Sources and Reports tab of the Further Usage screen, you may not have any data sources or
reports when you want to add an extension field as a key figure to data sources.

The system only allows you to add an extension field as a key figure to a data source and to corresponding
reports when the aggregation of the key figure and data source match. The system thereby prevents incorrect
results from being displayed in reports.

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Adding extension fields as a characteristic or as a key figure is done in the same manner. The system
automatically determines whether the added extension field is a characteristic or key figure while adding it
to a data source.

The following example provides a scenario of why the system might not allow you to add key figures to every
report.

 Example

The following example shows why the system does not allow you to add key figures to every report.

While in adaptation mode, you add the Freight Cost field to the sales order. Freight costs are due for the
entire sales order and not for individual sales order items.

For Analytics usage, this extension field is a key figure since it displays an amount with a currency.

You now want to add the key figure to a report.

The first table shows what would be the expected result (1100 EUR).

The second table shows what would be the actual result (3300 EUR).

The reason why the actual result would be 3300 EUR is because the aggregation of the key figure and that
of the report is different. Since you added the key figure to the sales order, it is aggregated on header level.
The report is aggregated on item level.

If the system were to allow you to add the key figure to the report, the system would aggregate the
results for the Freight Cost key figure on item level. The result is that the key figure would be aggregated
incorrectly.

Example of incorrect aggregation

5.4 Formulas

Using the formula editor, create calculated key figures derived from existing key figures, such as basic key
figures, restricted key figures, and calculated key figures using the available operands, operators, and a
numeric keypad.

Only numerical values are compared without taking units into account.

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  Note

The system only checks the syntactic correctness of the formula. The system does not check whether the
formula makes sense semantically.

5.4.1 Basic Functions

Learn about the basic functions.

Functions Explanations

Add (+) Calculates the sum of operand 1 and operand 2.

Subtract (-) Subtracts operand 2 from operand 1.

Multiply (*) Calculates the product of operand 1 and operand 2.

Divide (/) Divides operand 1 by operand 2.

Power (^) Returns the value of operand 1 raised to the power operand
2.

Percentage Deviation (%) also known as (%S) Calculates the percentage deviation between operand 1 and
operand 2.

 Note
Plan Sales % Actual Sales shows the difference be-
tween the plan sales and the actual sales expressed as a
percentage.

Percentage Share (%A) Calculates the percentage share of operand 1 and operand 2.

 Note
Fixed Costs %A Costs shows fixed costs as a percent-
age share of total costs.

Parentheses Groups and sets the order of operators.

Comma Denotes a series in a list.

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5.4.2 Boolean Operators

A boolean value is one that can be either true or false. No other values are allowed.

For relational operators, such as Greater Than, the result is 1 if the relationship denoted by operator between
operand 1 and operand 2 is true. Otherwise, the result is 0.

 Note

Costs < Sales returns 1 if sales are greater than costs, and returns 0 if costs are greater than or equal to
sales.

Operators Explanations

EQ Equal To

GE Greater Than or Equal To

GT Greater Than

LE Less Than or Equal To

LT Less Than

NE Not Equal To

AND Logical AND

The result is 1 if both operand 1 and operand 2 do not equal

0. Otherwise, the result is 0.

NOT Logical NOT

The result is 1 if the operand is 0. Otherwise, the result is 0.

OR Logical OR

The result is 1 if operand 1 or operand 2 does not equal 0.

Otherwise, the result is 0.

XOR Logical Exclusive OR

The result is 1 if either operand 1 or operand 2 (but not both)

does not equal 0. Otherwise, the result is 0.

LEAF Values in Hierarchy

The result is 0 for results rows or real (inner) nodes of a

hierarchy, and the value 1 for elementary rows or the leaves
of a hierarchy. This operator allows you to carry out various
calculations on results rows and elementary rows.

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5.4.3 Mathematical Functions

Functions Explanations

ABS Absolute Value

Returns the value of the operand irrespective of its sign

(+/-).

SIGN Sign of Operand

Returns the value of the operand along with its sign (+/-).

CEIL Ceiling

Returns the next smallest integer value that is greater than

the operand.

DIV Division

Integer division operator: for example, 6 DIV 4 returns 1.

EXP Exponential

An operand is raised to a variable power.

FLOOR Floor

Returns the next greatest integer value that is less than the
operand.

FRAC Fraction

Returns decimal part of the X.

LOG Logarithm

Returns the natural logarithm of X.

LOG10 Base 10 Logarithm

Returns the logarithm to the base 10 of X .

MAX Maximum

Returns the greatest value in a range.

MAX0 Maximum of 0 and the Operand.

MIN Minimum

Returns the smallest value in a range.

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 Functions Explanations

MOD Remainder

Integer remainder operator: for example, 6 MOD 4 returns

0.5.

SQRT Square Root

Returns the square root.

TRUNC Truncate

Returns the integer part of X.

5.4.4 Data Functions

Functions Explanations

COUNTER Count

If operand equals 0, value equals 1. Otherwise, the result is 0

NDIV0 Divide by Zero

Equals 0 when divided by 0. Otherwise, the result is the value

of the operand.

NOERR Zero If Error

Equals 0 if the calculation of operand leads to an arithmeti-

cal error. Otherwise, the result is the value of the operand.

%CT Percentage Share of Result

Shows results as a percentage share of the overall result.

%GT Percentage Share of Report Result

Calculates a result similar to (%GT).

DATE Value as Date

Returns the integer value in date format.

DELTA Delta

Returns the value 1 if the expression is 0, else 0.

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Functions Explanations

NODIM No Unit or Currency

Returns numeric values of the operand and suppresses units

and currencies.

SUMCT Sum of Result

Returns the result of the operands to all rows or columns.

SUMGT Sum of Overall Result

Returns the overall results of the operands.

SUMRT Sum of Report Result

Returns the report result of the operand.

TIME Value As Time

Returns the integer value in time format.

The system cuts off the decimal places, interprets the value
as seconds, and displays the value in the form +-hh:mm:ss.
For example, 4812 is displayed as 1:20:12.

5.4.5 Trigonometric Functions

Learn about the trigonometric functions.

Functions Explanations

ACOS Arc Cosine

ASIN Arc Sine

ATAN Arc Tangent

COS Cosine

COSH Hyperbolic Cosine

SIN Sine

SINH Hyperbolic Sine

TAN Tangent

TANH Hyperbolic Tangent

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5.5 Aggregation

To enable the calculation of key figures, the system has to aggregate key figure values from the data source,
and formulas may also need to be calculated.

The system aggregates key figure values for multiple characteristics. The system can also aggregate key figure
values for a specified characteristic; this is referred to as exception aggregation.

The system aggregates key figure values according to a specified order.

1. Standard aggregation is executed. Possible aggregation behaviors are summation, minimum, and
maximum. Minimum and maximum can, for example, be used for date key figures.
2. Exception aggregation using a selected characteristic. Cases for exception aggregation include warehouse
stock, for example, that cannot be totaled over time, or counters that count the number of characteristic
values for a certain characteristic.
3. Aggregation using currencies and units is executed. The system outputs * when two numbers that are not
equal to zero are aggregated with different currencies or units.

5.5.1 Exception Aggregation

As an administrator, you can define exception aggregation behavior for key figure values when you create a
calculated key figure.

The deviation to the standard aggregation behavior is only valid in combination with a specified characteristic.

Value Description

Average The average of all values is displayed.

Average of Detailed Values That Are Not Zero, Null, or Error The average of the column value not equal to zero is dis-
played in the results row.

Average Weighted with Calendar Days The average of the column value weighted with the number
of days is displayed in the results row

Average Weighted with Working Days The average of the column value weighted with the number
of workdays is displayed in the results row.

Counter for All Detailed Values The number of existing values is displayed in the results row.

Counter for All Detailed Values That Are Not Zero, Null, or The number of values <> zero is displayed in the results row.
Error

Exception If More Than One Record Occurs No aggregation

Exception If More Than One Value <> Occurs No aggregation

Exception If More Than One Value Occurs No aggregation

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Value Description

First Value The first value in relation to the reference characteristic is

displayed in the results row.

Last Value The last value in relation to the reference characteristic is

displayed in the results row.

Maximum The maximum value of all values displayed in this column is

displayed in the results row.

Minimum The minimum value of all values displayed in this column is

displayed in the results row.

No Aggregation Along Hierarchy

No Aggregation of Posted Nodes Along Hierarchy

Standard Deviation The standard deviation of the displayed values is displayed in

the results row.

Total The sum of all values displayed in this column is displayed in

the results row.

Variance The variance of the displayed values is displayed in the re-

sults row.

The following table provides some examples of when you could use exception aggregation.

Use Case How to Define Result

You want to display, for ex- Key Figure: Net Value Minimum Net Value by Prod-
ample, the minimum, maxi- uct
mum, or average net value by Exception Aggregation: Minimum
product.
Characteristic: Product

You want to know how many Key Figure: Count Number of Customers
customers you have.
Exception Aggregation: Total

Characteristic: Customer

5.6 Cumulate
Use this function to cumulate the individual cells in an area.

The first value is added to the second value, and the result is added to the third value, and so on. In columns,
cells are cumulated from top to bottom. In rows, cells are cumulated from left to right. With blocks of single

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values, that is, a drilldown in both the rows and the columns, values are cumulated from top to bottom and
from left to right.

5.7 Local Calculation

Recalculate single values and results of a report based on certain criteria. For example, you can create ranked
lists, or you can calculate the total for a Top 10 product list locally.

Calculate Results and Single Values As

You use the following functions to recalculate results rows and single values.

Value Description

Counting All Detailed Values All values for a characteristic are counted and numbered.

Counting All Detailed Values That Are Not Zero, Null, or Error Excluding the values that are equal to zero, all values for a
characteristic are counted and numbered.

First Value The highest value or the value furthest to the left of the
corresponding area is displayed as the result. *

Hide The result is not displayed.

Last Value The lowest value or the value furthest to the right of the
corresponding area is displayed as the result. *

Maximum The largest value for the corresponding area is displayed as

the result.

Minimum The smallest value for the corresponding area is displayed as

the result.

Moving Average The system calculates the average of all values.

Moving Average For All Values That Are Not Zero, Null, or Excluding the values that are equal to zero, the system calcu-
Error lates the average of all values.

Normalize According to Next Group Level Result The data is displayed as a percentage of the result of the
next group level. The values of the results row and the overall
results row are not displayed as percentages but as absolute
values.

If there is only one characteristic in the drilldown, the result

of a group level is the same as the overall result. **

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Value Description

Normalize According to Overall Result The data is displayed as a percentage of the overall result.
The values of the results row and the overall results row are
not displayed as percentages but as absolute values.

If there are multiple characteristics in the drilldown, there

are different results, which are combined to form an overall
result. **

Olympic Rank Number The olympic ranked list differs from the basic ranked list
as follows: In the olympic ranked list, when a value occurs
more than once, the next smallest value is not assigned the
rank incremented by one, but the rank that corresponds to
the number of previous characteristic values (including the
current value).

For example, there are three products with a higher rank

than product D, therefore D has rank 4 and rank 3 is not
assigned since B and C have the same rank (2). **

Rank Number The characteristic values are sorted according to the se-
lected structure element and are given a ranking. The order
of the ranked list is based on the size of the value for the
structure element, where the largest value has rank 1 and the
smallest value has the last rank.

If a value occurs more than once, the corresponding char-

acteristic values are assigned the same rank. In a basic
ranked list, the next smallest value is assigned this rank
incremented by one. **

Standard Deviation Statistical deviation is a measure of the distribution of the

values with respect to the mean value (average). Statistical
deviation = root from the variance: SQRT (variance). *

Summation of Rounded Values If you have set a scaling factor, it is useful to calculate the
total sum of rounded values locally since the total sums can
differ considerably (in particular with high scaling factors). *

Total The sum total of the values for the corresponding area is
displayed as the result. *

Variance Variance is a measure of the distribution of the values with

respect to the mean value (average). *

* Denotes the options that are valid only for Calculate Results.

• First Value
• Last Value
• Variance
• Standard Deviation

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 • Summation of Rounded Values
• Total

** Denotes the options that are valid only for Single Values As.

• Normalize According to Next Group Level Result

• Normalize According to Overall Result
• Olympic Rank Number
• Rank Number

5.8 Conversion

Define conversion for calculated key figures that you create.

To create a key figure, see Create and Edit a Key Figure [page 121].

5.8.1 Unit Conversion

Unit conversion allows you to convert the quantity unit of key figure values that represent a quantity to another
unit.

You apply unit conversion when you define the key figure.

To do this follow the steps below:

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Key Figure and click New.

2. In the Define Key Figure tab, enter a name and description.
3. Select a Data Source.
4. Select the Type as Calculated Key Figure and click Next.
5. In the Restrict/Calculated Key Figure tab, enter a calculation and click Next.
6. In the Properties tab, select Unit Conversion as the conversion type. Select a Target Unit and click Next
7. Review your key figure and click Finish.
8. Add this new key figure to your report.

Any report that uses this calculated key figure will automatically add Display Unit for selection.

Example

You have a key figure, representing ordered stock quantities.

You require this function, for example, if you want to report on key figures, such as ordered stock that use
quantities in units common to different countries or industries. By converting the quantity unit to a common
unit, such as kilograms for weight, you can compare ordered stock.

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5.8.2 Currency Conversion

Currency conversion allows you to convert the currency unit of key figure values.

You do not apply currency conversion when creating the calculated key figure but rather define that currency
conversion can be applied to the key figure if the key figure is used in reports.

To do this follow the steps below:

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Key Figure and click New.

2. In the Define Key Figure tab, enter a name and description.
3. Select a Data Source.
4. Select the Type as Calculated Key Figure and click Next.
5. In the Restrict/Calculated Key Figure tab, enter a calculation and click Next.
6. In the Properties tab, select Currency Conversion as the conversion type and click Next.
7. Review your key figure and click Finish.
8. Add this new key figure to your report.

When you define the currency conversion for a key figure, the system creates variables that are available with
reports in which the key figure is used.

The variables are as follows:

• Display Currency
Depending on how the underlying data is defined, the variable may be defaulted to the company currency.
• Display Currency - Conversion Date

Example

For example, you want to report on key figures, such as net sales that balance in a different currency. By
converting the currency unit to a common currency, such as the company currency, you can compare net
sales.

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6 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Key performance indicators (KPIs) are selected key figures from reports that have been restricted using
specified selections for which you can define reference and target values along with thresholds.

Companies often use KPIs to evaluate a certain measure of their performance toward a goal or target. In order
to determine what constitutes an improvement, the KPI value is often evaluated against reference or a target
value. Depending on business requirements, you may not necessarily require a reference or target value to
evaluate the KPI.

Some examples of Sales KPI include: Monthly sales growth, Monthly customers per sales rep, Quarterly sales
bookings, and Average conversion time.

6.1 Create and Edit a KPI

From the Design KPIs work center view, depending on whether you want to create, edit, or copy a key
performance indicator (KPI), select the relevant option.

When you create a KPI, you set values and thresholds that are used to evaluate the status of the KPI and
determine to what degree the strategic goal of the KPI has been fulfilled. The KPI that you create is only
available in the language with which you logged on to the system.

Most reports can serve as a basis for the values used in a KPI. Exceptions are master data reports (reports
without key figures) and reports in which the key figures are in a key figure grid.

To know more about the different tabs, see the following sections:

• General [page 138]

• Values and Thresholds [page 140]
• Additional Contexts: You can make additional context reports available when viewing the details of the
KPI. You can also select multiple additional context reports for the KPI and view the details. You see the
context reports according to your business role.
• Drill Characteristics: You can select the characteristics on which you want to define a headline.
• Rules [page 141]

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6.1.1 General

Enter general information about the KPI and make display settings on the General tab page.

Information

You can enter a name, description, along with information about how the KPI is to be interpreted and about
how it is calculated.

 Note

The description, interpretation, and calculation formula are displayed to business users when they view the
details of the KPI and click the information icon.

Current Value

The current value is the basis for calculating the KPI and represents the key figure value to be improved. It is a
key figure from a report that is restricted using a specified selection.

Steps

1. Select a report and then the relevant key figure.

2. Restrict the current value by choosing a selection.

When you select a report for the current value, under Context Report, the Report field is filled with the same
report that you selected for the current value.

Value Setting

You can determine how the value is to be displayed.

• Decimal Places
You use this dropdown list to specify the number of decimal places to be displayed, from 0 to 9.
• Scale (Deprecated)
Use the dropdown list to set a scaling factor of 1 to ten billion (10,000,000,000). For example, if you set a
scaling factor of 1,000, the value 3,000 is displayed as 3.

 Note

This feature has been deprecated as of February 2017. By default, the Scale field is hidden. If you want
to use it, you must personalize it.

A new default number formatting has been introduced that makes scaling redundant. Scaling is no
longer supported.

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 • Sign Presentation
Use this function to specify how to display negative values that appear in your results.
• Reverse Sign
By selecting the Reverse Sign checkbox for a specified key figure, the value is displayed accordingly.

 Note

In some areas (for example, financial management), you may want to select whether the sign for a
key figure should be reversed. For example, you have a report based on receipts and expenditure.
According to accountancy logic, income is displayed with a negative sign and expenses are shown
with positive sign. Adding these values produces the profit. Under certain circumstances, for example
if income is to be displayed from a managerial point of view, it may be advisable to circumvent
accountancy logic and display the report income with a positive sign.

• Representation Type
The representation type determines how the KPI is represented on the mobile device.
• Absolute
The current value is displayed.
• Delta
Delta refers to the reference value.
The result of the following calculation is displayed: current value - reference value.
• Delta Relative
Delta refers to the delta to the reference value.
The result of the following calculation is displayed: (current value - reference value) / reference value x
100%.
• Unit and Currency
If the KPI current value has a unit or currency, you can determine which unit or currency is used to visualize
the KPI.

Context Report

You can determine which report view and selection is displayed when users open the details of the KPI. For
example, you may want to select different report view or a different selection to compare the KPI to other key
figures, values, or time ranges.

 Note

• For a Fiori client, a carousel is available to navigate between multiple reports.

• On a touch device, when you scroll a table horizontally inside a carousel, the carousel moves to the next
page.

Context Dashboard

You can determine which dashboard is displayed when users open the details of the KPI.

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Example

You have the Net Order Volume KPI; the KPI current value is 10 million. Without a reference or target value,
you may not necessarily know how to interpret this value. You may need a means of comparison, such as net
order volume from last year or last month, or, a target value of 100 million, in order to evaluate this KPI value
correctly.

Depending on your business requirements, you may not necessarily need to set a reference or target value. For
example, if you define a KPI to monitor the liquidity of your company, you would want to keep the liquidity in a
certain range.

6.1.2 Values and Thresholds

Determine how the KPI is to be interpreted on the Values and Thresholds tab page.

A KPI must have a current value and can have a reference value, target value, and thresholds, depending on
business requirements.

 Note

Note that a KPI key figure value is the key figure value that is displayed when you start the corresponding
report in a web browser in the solution and remove all characteristics from rows and columns; the resulting
key figure value is the relevant value.

Values

Depending on your business requirements, you can set reference and target values for your KPI. Reference and
target values are compared to the current KPI value.

• Current Value
The current value is the basis for calculating the KPI and represents the key figure value to be improved. It
is a key figure from a report that is restricted using a specified selection. You can select the value selection
for variables in the selection as your business requirements state.
• Reference Value
A reference value is a key figure value, which serves as a benchmark against which a change to the KPI
current value can be interpreted as positive or negative.
The reference value is used to determine the delta of the current value to the reference value. If you decide
to set a reference value, you can get the value from a report or provide a fixed value.
You must also specify to what degree deviation from the reference value is tolerated. The tolerance you
specify determines how the change in the KPI current value is to be interpreted.
• Target Value
The target value represents a goal to be reached and enables you to quantify an improvement of the
current value.
Target values are used to determine status; the relation of the target value to the current value determines
the status.
If you decide to set a target value, you can get the value from a report or provide a fixed value.

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  Note

If your business requirements state that you compare values between two time periods, such as last
year and current year, we recommend using relative selections when you set values for the variables
in your selection. Relative selections are based on basic characteristics, such as Date, Week, Month,
Fiscal Period, and Company. Examples of relative selections include Last Year, Last 7 Days, and Current
Year to Date.

Thresholds

Thresholds are used to determine the status of the KPI value. There are three statuses: alert, warning, and on
track, represented by the colors, red, yellow, and green. The status is used to visualize and monitor the KPI.

If you set a threshold, you have to determine the source of the threshold value along with what constitutes an
improvement of the KPI. Note that you can determine what constitutes an improvement of a KPI independent
of whether you set a threshold value source.

• Direction of Improvement
The direction of improvement indicates in which direction a change to the KPI value can be interpreted as
positive.
• Maximize
The KPI value should increase.
• Minimize
The KPI value should decrease.
• Keep in Range
The KPI value should stay within a specified value range.
If you select Keep In Range, warning and alert points are available on both sides of the track point.
• Value Source
Depending on what you choose as the direction of improvement, the alert and warning points change
accordingly for the threshold.
• Not Used
• Fixed Value Is Provided
• Value is Percentage of Target Value

 Note

This entry is only available if you have set a target value.

6.1.3 Rules

Define the rules for creation of headlines

Rule types depend on the decomposition of a KPI along a drill characteristic. So, to be able to define rules, you
must select at least one drill characteristic.

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Rule ID

Create a Rule ID.

Drill Characteristic

Select a drill characteristic from the dropdown list.

Direction

Define which headlines do you want to display from the dropdown list.

• Both
Shows headlines from top and bottom of all the headlines that are created based on the selections.
• Bottom
Shows the headlines at bottom of all the headlines that are created based on the selections.
• Top
Shows the headlines at top of all the headlines that are created based on the selections.

Priority

Define the order of priority of the headlines when they are displayed by the system.

Maximum

Determine how many headlines you want to display.

 Note

If you enter 5 in this field, and have selected Both in the Direction field, the system shows 5 headlines from
top, and 5 headlines from bottom.

Contribution Base

Define the contribution base, based on which the values are calculated, and included in a headline.

• Current Value
The headlines are created based on current values of the selected characteristic.

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 • Delta between Current and Reference Value
The headlines are displayed based on the difference between the current and reference value.
• Delta between Current and Target Value
The headlines are displayed based on the difference between the current and target value.

 Example

You have selected Country/Region as the characteristic to create headlines.

Country/Region Current Value Reference Value Target Value

US 2000 3000 12000

DE 5000 10000 8000

FR 1000 5000 15000

Now, if you want to display 2 top values, as selected in fields Direction and Maximum, the following are
the results:

Selected Contribution Base Countries selected for creating headlines

Current Value DE, US

Delta between Current and Reference Value DE, FR

Delta between Current and Target Value FR, US

Threshold Type

Define the threshold value for displaying headlines. You can choose to select a fixed value or a percentage as
the threshold type. If you do not want to define a threshold, select No Threshold.

 Note

If you have selected Fix Value as the threshold type, the percentage is not used to create headlines. Enter a
value in the field Fix Threshold.

Fix Threshold

Define the value to be used as threshold to create headlines.

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  Note

If you have selected Percentage as the threshold type, the fixed value you define is not used to create
headlines. Enter a value in the field Threshold Percentage.

Headline Template Language

You can maintain headlines in multiple languages.

To do so, select a language from the available list, and create text in Headline Template Text area. You can create
independent texts for each available language.

The users see the headline maintained in the language with which they have logged into the system. If no
headline is maintained for their language, the system displays the headline maintained for English language.

In case there is no headline maintained for English, the user sees another existing headline template
maintained in the system.

Headline Template Text

Once you have defined all the parameters, the system collects a set of available text variables and formatting
tags based on the selections. You can use these variables and tags to define how you would like to display the
headlines.

6.2 Configure a Headline KPI

Use dynamic headline capabilities with the option of monitoring a list of KPIs of your choice.

Context

You can set thresholds for these KPIs based on report dimensions such as country/region and product
category. Based on the threshold set, the analytics framework calculates and displays the strongest deviations
as headlines.

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To configure a headline in KPI, follow these steps:

Procedure

1. Log on to the system as the administrator.

2. Go to Business Analytics Design KPI .

3. Select a KPI which you would like to configure the headline for and click Copy. The system opens a new
window.
4. Under General, enter all required information for the KPI based on the following parameters:

• Name — name of the KPI

• Description — text explaining the purpose of the KPI
• KPI Category — displays work centers the KPI is assigned to
Current value — determines the current value from the report. For example, sales revenue for the
current quarter.
• Value settings — allows you to configure the display settings for the value to be displayed
• Context report — allows you to configure the displayed report when you open the KPI details
5. Next, go to Values and Thresholds to set the threshold which would be compared against the current value
to predict trends. Set the threshold based on the following parameters:

• Target value — defines the value to be compared with current value

• Reference value — defines the value to define trends
• Thresholds — defines limits set for measuring value
6. Go to Drill Characteristics to drill down into a report based on certain characteristics of a report. Click Add
Row to add the technical name for the data source behind the current value report.

 Note

This characteristic is used for exception reporting for the headline. It will alert you if the sales revenue
in a specific region is deviating from the threshold.

7. Now go to Rules to create rules for generating a headline for a selected KPI. To add a rule, click Add Row
and fill in information for the displayed columns to generate a headline for the KPI.
8. Once the headline is generated for a rule, you have the option of applying formatting tags which would be
replaced with the actual values during runtime.

 Note

Sales in <CharText> is excellent would be displayed as: “Sales in US Region Midwest is excellent”.

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6.3 Configure KPI on the Headline Tile in the Homepage

Configure KPI on the headline tile in the Homepage.

Procedure

1. Log on to the system as a an administrator and launch the Homepage.

2. Click on the gear icon to switch to the Adapt mode.
3. Next, select the role for which you would like to configure the headline.

 Note

If you do not see the headline in the adaptation screen, then click Edit.

4. Choose Score Cards and add the headline score card to the role. To display this tile, choose Publish.
5. Hover over the headline tile and click on the gear icon. This will launch a list of KPIs that have been
configured for your headlines. Click on Show to view a specific KPI.
6. On the headline tile, you can now see the reports if the data matches the KPI drill down definitions.
7. You will also see the navigation arrows at the bottom of the headline tile to navigate between reports. When
you click on a report headline, the corresponding KPI details screen displays.

6.4 Preview KPIs

Preview how your KPI design looks when you select the KPI tile on the home page.

You can preview customer-created KPIs. To view the context report in one of the web browser options, select
the KPI and click Preview Web Browser . The system shows all the details of the KPI. You can also preview
the results of the designed KPIs.

6.5 Define Life Cycle Status

Track the KPIs that you create.

The life cycle status of KPIs helps you track the KPIs you create. Note that the life cycle status of a KPI does
not affect the visibility on the Overview work center view. When you set the status of a KPI to maintenance or
obsolete, you can write a message that is displayed on the system. The maximum length of the message is 120
characters.

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7 Broadcasts

Broadcasting reports and dashboards by e-mail enables business users to frequently analyze report data
without necessarily having to log on to the system and navigate to the report.

You can access the Broadcasts work center view from the Business Analytics work center.

There are two scenarios:

Periodic Periodic scheduling is useful if you want to broadcast a report or dashboard on a regular
Scheduling basis.
For example, a sales manager wants to send sales reports to his field sales
representatives on a monthly basis. He informs his administrator to set up a schedule by
which the report is broadcast each month.

Ad-Hoc Ad-hoc broadcasting is useful if a specific report or dashboard requires the attention of
Broadcasting multiple users.

 Note

Note that you can decide if report data sent by e-mail is to be encrypted. If you want to encrypt outgoing
e-mails, you must make changes to your scoping. From the E-mail Encryption and Signature Check fine-
tune activity, you can specify for the Analytics - Send Report Data, Broadcasting outgoing e-mail scenario
whether outgoing e-mails are encrypted and whether they are signed.

For more information, see the following documents: Load Certificates and Activate Signing and Encryption
for E-Mails [page 13] and Configuration: E-Mail Encryption and Signature Check [page 12].

7.1 Create a Broadcast

Broadcast reports and dashboards by e-mail and create schedules for when you want them to be broadcast.

Procedure

1. From the Broadcasts work center view, click New.

2. On the following screen, enter a name for the broadcast and select the relevant report or dashboard.
3. Add recipients.

 Note

Broadcasting User Specific Data

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 You can decide if the recipients are to receive data according to their authorizations. To do this, select
the User specific checkbox. This field is visible only when the object type is a report, and the recepient
is a Business User in the system.

Note that when the checkbox is unselected, the data is broadcast using the authorizations of the user
who creates the broadcast. Ensure that the user has access rights to the work center views to which
the report is assigned in order to start the report.

 Note

Using Broadcast Bursting

Bursting feature allows you to broadcast reports to multiple recipients by e-mail. If you have
maintained the addresses of the recipients in the master data, you can select a characteristic in which
the e-mail addresses are maintained. The system can determine the recipients from this information.

When you select the checkbox Use Broadcast Bursting, the section to add e-mail addresses of the
recipients is hidden. For the new field Attribute For Email, select a characteristic, in which you have
maintained the email address. Now, the report will be automatically sent to all the relevant recipients,
without you having to add each individual e-mail addresses separately.

Unlike a normal broadcast, entire data is not sent to all recipients. The report data is filtered for
each recipient based on their e-mail addresses, which is identified by the values of the attribute you
select. This ensures that every recipient only receives the data filtered for their e-mail address.

If you wish to send the entire data to all the recipients, create a regular broadcast.

4. Under Format and Content, select if the report or the dashboard is to be broadcast as an attachment or as
a link.

• If you want to broadcast the report as an attachment, note that reports broadcast in XML and
CSV format open by default using Microsoft Excel®. If you want to broadcast the dashboard as an
attachment, note that dashboards broadcast only in HTML format.
• If you want to broadcast the report as a URL, you must also specify how the report is to be viewed.
Reports can viewed in one of the Web browser options or using Microsoft Excel®.
• If the broadcast report is to be viewed on a mobile device, we recommend the HTML format.

 Note

Broadcast report is always sent as a table. Even if you broadcast a chart, the data will be converted to a
table.

5. Decide if the report or dashboard is to be broadcast now or if it is to be broadcast periodically.

• If you want to broadcast the report or dashborad ad-hoc, select No Schedule.

• If you want to schedule the broadcast for the report or dashboard, select Periodically, and set how
frequently the report is to be broadcast along with the start and end date for the schedule.

 Note

Example of a Broadcast Schedule:

If you schedule the frequency of broacasat to execute once a month on the 31st day on weekday
only, the broadcast is executed on the last weekday day of the month. If the month has 28 or 29

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 or 30 days, the broadcast is execute on the last day instead of the 31st day. If the last day is a
weekend, the broadcast is executed on the last Friday of that month.

The system saves the broadcast or schedule. You can then view the broadcast or schedule from the
Broadcasts work center view.

7.2 Manage Broadcasts and Schedules

From the Broadcasts work center view, under Actions, you can edit, delete, or change the status of a schedule.

You can start, pause, or resume broadcasts and schedules.

You can also edit broadcasts and schedules by clicking Edit. In addition, you can click View Logs and check all
the logs related to a selected broadcast.

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8 Dashboards

Dashboards offer a visual representation of important information on one screen serving one or few tasks and
providing interaction and UI navigation.

A dashboard emphasizes visual compared to textual representation. The meaning or the qualitative
implications of graphics can often be captured more efficiently (for example, value comparison by column
heights) and also transport more semantics (for example, alerts by colors). To achieve the desired effects,
dashboards typically have to be designed thoroughly, including the choice of layout, chart types, and other
controls.

Tips

• Visualize how your dashboard should look like. Define what types of charts you would like to use to
represent your data. Determine how different reports in a dashboard are related and define connections
accordingly. Once you have designed the Dashboard review existing reports and view. Create or modify
view as per the design. You would also need to specify what selections will be used in the dashboard, e.g., if
the dashboard is for the Current Quarter then you would need to specify this selection in your dashboard.
Review and create selections accordingly.
• You can also use dashboards for KPI drill down. From a business case perspective, it often makes sense if
the dashboard and KPI are based on the same data. For example, you use the same report as a basis for
both.
• The Dashboard layout is a 3x3 matrix. We recommend that you use 2-3 reports in one row. If you use only
one report the dashboard will contain a lot of white space. However for tables larger than 3 columns we
recommend utilizing 1x2 space so that the table can be viewed properly. You can also view exceptions in
the Dashboard. To do so select a report view where you have already defined exceptions.

Create Dashboards [page 151]

Create customized interactive dashboards that you publish to users.

Use Interactive Dashboards [page 153]

Interactive dashboards allow you to define connections, transfer filters between reports, and look at all
the relevant business information in one place.

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8.1 Create Dashboards

Create customized interactive dashboards that you publish to users.

Prerequisites

You are assigned to the Design Dashboards work center.

Create a Dashboard

Follow these steps to create a dashboard:

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Dashboards , and then click New.

The system opens the Dashboard Details dialog box in Fiori Client in a separate window.

 Note

You can also click Copy to copy an existing dashboard. You can then modify it and save as a new one.

2. Enter a name and optional description for your new dashboard.

3. Define who will be able to access the dashboard in Authorization field. To make the dashboard accessible to
all the users, select Public. You can restrict the users who have access to this dashboard. This restriction is
based on the business roles of the users. To do so, select Custom. You get a list of all the business roles for
your company. Select all the business roles which should be able to access this dashboard.

 Note

• You can assign a dashboard to a business role only if you have selected the option in the fine tuning
activities for your solution. For more information, see Role Based Access [page 90].
• You cannot assign standard dashboards to a business role. Any user who has access to reports
available in a standard dashboard will be able to view it in the dashboard
• You can view details of business roles assigned to dashboards by creating a report based on the
SAP pre-delivered ANABRASGNV data source.

4. Click OK.
5. Drag and drop report views to include in the dashboard. Use the search box to find a specific report.
Choose All to show all available reports, and Selected to show only selected reports. You can select only 9
report views for a dashboard

 Note

If you have selected Custom in the first step, you will only see reports that are assigned to the selected
business roles.

In case you have selected multiple business roles, the list will have an intersection of the reports. This
means you will only see reports that are assigned to all of the selected business roles.

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 If there are no common reports for the selected business roles, the list will be empty.

6. When you drag and drop a report on a tile, the system gives you a list of Selections to choose from. Click
the one you need and click OK.
You can change the layout for better visualization. Click the tile and drag to expand it, or swap two tiles to
interchange positions. You also have an option to change the display name of the report tile. This is useful
in scenarios where the same view is used with multiple selections.

Create Connections Between Reports

Follow these steps to create a connection between reports:

1. Click the Define Connections icon on the top right of your screen. The system displays the tiles in
light orange shade to indicate that they are ready to be connected. Select a tile and drop it on the tile with
which you want to create a connection. The system opens the Manage Connections dialog box where you
choose source attributes and corresponding target attributes to define the mapping. Your target tile can
also be the source tile for another connection. You can continue to make subsequent connections to other
existing tiles or between any two or more tiles. If you select a tile that is connected to a source and a target,

the system displays the source tile with the icon, the predecessor with the

icon, and the target tile with the icon.

 Note

We recommend that you do not create cyclic connections for dashboards (for example, report 1
connected to report 2 and vice versa). Such connections can give inconsistent results as they depend
the way data is transferred from one report to another.

2. Drag a source attribute from the left column and drop it in the Define Connections column in the middle.
Similarly drag a corresponding target attribute from the right column and drop it in the middle column. You
can choose to create as many connections as you want. To delete a connection, click the trash icon next to
it. To delete all connections, choose Clear Connections on the top right of your screen.
3. Click OK. The connections are defined. View the data flow by clicking on any tile. The system highlights the
predecessor as well as the target tiles.

4. Optional: Click the preview icon to see how the dashboard will appear in the browser.
5. Click Save and Close.
Once saved, your new dashboard is available to select from the menu on the Dashboard tab.

 Note

Right-to-left languages (Arabic script and the Hebrew alphabet are written from right to left) are not
supported for Dashboard Design in Fiori Client.

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Define Dashboard Filters

Define dashboard filters by mapping attributes from different report views.

To define a dashboard filter, follow these steps:

1. Click the pencil icon on a filter field to make it editable. The sytem shows an add filter<icon> on each report
tile.
2. Click the icon to view the list of attributes in a popup. Select an attribute.
3. Click Ok.
The filter name is suffixed with a number in brackets representing the count of the tiles to which the filter is
applied.
4. Optional: By clicking the pencil icon on a filter field you can rename or remove an attribute in the filter.
You can also set a tile as default for providing value help for this filter. During run time the system displays
values from this tile as value help. Note that the filters display only master data values.
5. Optional:In the Translation field, you can manually enter a text in the text for your end users.

8.2 Use Interactive Dashboards

Interactive dashboards allow you to define connections, transfer filters between reports, and look at all the
relevant business information in one place.

When you open the Dashboard workcenter, you can view the list of all the available dashboards on the landing
page along with their description and origin type. You can search and sort the list by name and origin type. You
can also use filters and save the list as a query.

8.2.1 Configure Charts

Control how the chart data appears on screen.

• Select a chart type from the Settings menu.

• Show or hide the chart legend. Find this option in the Settings menu on the browser, and choose the small
icon at the upper left of the chart.
• Choose a data element on a chart and linked reports update to reflect your selection. For example, choose
a specific bar in a bar chart, and linked reports on the dashboard update to show data from the selected
element.

 Note

• You cannot personalize and save these visualization changes in the dashboard.
• Only the following charts are available in the dashboard:
• Bar
• Pie
• Line

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 • Area
• Donut
• Column
• Stacked Column
• 100 Percent Stacked Column
• 100 Percent Stacked Bar
• Funnel
• If your report is used in the dashboard, it's good practice to avoid adding characteristics to columns,
because this can lead to inaccurate results.
• Under Table Settings, if you select First Row in the Show Result Row As field, the chart visualization may
be inconsistent.

8.2.2 Drill Down Data

Drill down data to view the information most relevant to you.

1. Open the drill down pane for a report by choosing the Drill Down icon .
2. Select the desired characteristics or key figures. The report updates immediately to reflect your changes.

 Note

Linked reports do not update when the drill down pane is open.

Choose the Reset icon to go back to the original state. This removes drill down characteristics and
filters from all charts on the current dashboard.

Choose the Refresh icon to get the updated data in Dashboard.

If you choose a data element on a chart (by clicking in the browser or by selecting an area in the app),
the filter is automatically transferred to the linked reports and they update to reflect your selection. For
example, if you choose a bar showing data for Quarter 1 in a bar chart, all the linked reports will now show
the data relevant for Quarter 1.

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8.2.3 Add Annotations and E-Mail Dashboards

Add annotations and send an image of the annotated dashboard as an attachment via e-mail, if you are viewing
the dashboard on the SAP Cloud for Customer.

Procedure

1. Choose Annotation from the Action menu.

2. Select a color for freehand markup, or select the note icon to enter a text note.
3. Draw your markup or enter text.
4. Choose Send as E-Mail from the Actions menu to send an image of the annotated dashboard as an
attachment.
5. Choose Cancel to exit annotation mode.

8.2.4 Use Report Connections

Establish connections between reports while creating dashboards.

You can use these connections to pass filters between reports when you are interacting with the dashboard.
To work with interactivity, select the relevant area of the chart which you want to pass as filter to connected
reports. As soon as the area is selected all the related reports will get filtered. These filters become visible
when you click the funnel icon next to the reports. The system also allows you to delete a filter from a report
if required. For example, If you want to analyze your forecast details for a region, you can select a region from
the first report which can further filter other reports to show you details for this region. One report can be
connected to all the reports or else you can establish one by one connections. For example, Report 1 connected
to report 2; report 2 connected to report 3; report 3 connected to report 4 and so on. This way multiple filters
can be passed from one report to the other.

 Note

You cannot pass interactive filters from a table, funnel, or map view to a target tile. However, there are no
restrictions for these views to receive any filter from the source tile.

8.2.5 Navigate through Dashboards

To analyze data further, navigate from a source to a target. You can navigate from one report to another or to an
object directly from a report.

The following types of analytical navigation are available for dashboard.

• Report-to-report navigation: You can use report-to-report navigation to further analyze the details of a
specific data point. The values of the target report will be filtered based on the selected data point of

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 the current report. For example, you can navigate from an aggregated annual data report to a report with
monthly breakup for a specific year by clicking the corresponding data point.
• Report-to-object navigation: You can use this feature to navigate to an object directly from a report. For
example, you can navigate to account details from account ID in a report.

 Note

To use this feature you must be in inspect mode.

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9 Common Tasks

View the list of common tasks that you can perform in the Business Analytics work center.

Configure Business User Actions in a Report [page 157]

As an administrator, you can configure what actions business users can perform while viewing data in
reports.

Buffer Hierarchies [page 158]

You can enable buffering to improve the performance of hierarchical based reporting. You can either
schedule it periodically by specifying the frequency or opt for ad-hoc schedule to run it as required.

Work with Relative Selections [page 159]

Create relative selections for reports.

Restrict Edit Rights to analytical objects based on an Org Unit or Business Role [page 163]

Translate Analytical Report Texts [page 163]

In the Language Adaptation tool, you can translate analytical report texts.

9.1 Configure Business User Actions in a Report

As an administrator, you can configure what actions business users can perform while viewing data in reports.

Configure Actions

Prerequisite

In the Business Configuration workcenter, under Built-in Services and Support System Management
Analytics , you have checked the question, Do you want to configure what actions end users can perform
while viewing data in reports?

Tasks

• Hide actions for business users: Navigate to Business Analytics Common Task Configure Actions
to open the Configure Action screen. The system gives you a list of all the action that can be configured.
Unless you hide any of these actions, no restriction is applied. Select the action, for example, download,
and click Hide to set restrictions for a user. The system hides the download button for all users irrespective
of their business roles.
• Allow specific business roles to use actions: If you want to unhide the actions for specific business roles,
select the check box against each of those roles and click Save and Close. The users assigned to the
selected business roles will be able to see and use the functionality. For example, if you have restricted the
Download action, the system hides this button for all the users irrespective of their business roles. When

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 you allow the action to be available to specific business roles, the users assigned to these roles can use the
download functionality.

 Note

• If you hide the Add Fields button, the system automatically restricts the users to add attribites also.
Under the header Business Roles, you can allow specific business roles to add fields as well as add
attributes. Select the checkbox under Show against a business role to enable the users of that role to
add fields. If you want to allow the users to be able to add attributes also, you have to specifically select
the checkbox under Show Attributes. Note that this checkbox is available only if the Add Fields action is
allowed.
If you deselect it, the Show Attributes checkbox is automatically deselected.
• If you hide the Send button, the system restricts all the available options except one. When business
users open a report, they can still send it via email under Send As E-mail Link (Web Browser) .

If you wish to revert the process, select the action and click Show.

Configure Settings

As an administrator, you can configure a setting so that values are repeated whenever a business user
downloads the data. Once changed, this is applicable for all the users.

To do this, navigate to Business Analytics Common Tasks Business User Configuration Configure
Settings and set the Download Repeated Text in xlsx /Download Repeated Text in csv toggle button to Yes.

 Note

This feature is not available for broadcasts.

9.2 Buffer Hierarchies

You can enable buffering to improve the performance of hierarchical based reporting. You can either schedule it
periodically by specifying the frequency or opt for ad-hoc schedule to run it as required.

This function is useful, for example, if you've large hierarchies and extensive hierarchical reporting. On running
this job, the system buffers the hierarchies and keeps the hierarchical data ready for quick reference during
report processing and helps you improve the report processing performance.

Procedure

1. Go to Business Analytics Common Tasks and click on Buffer Hierarchies to open a new window. The
system shows you a list of all the hierarchies for which buffering is supported.

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 2. Select a hierarchy, and click Schedule Buffering. Here you can enable the Display Hierarchical Accounts
Only switch to display only those accounts that have a hierarchy. You've an option to schedule buffering in
one of the following ways:
• Ad hoc: This option allows you to buffer the hierarchy as and when required by manually clicking the
Start Now button on the Buffer Hierarchies screen.
• Periodically: This option enables you to specify the frequency at which you would like to buffer the
hierarchy.

 Note

Display Hierarchical Accounts Only switch is available for Accounts hierarchy only.

3. Select your option and click Save and Close. Based on the settings, the system runs the job periodically, or
you can run it manually when required.
In the Buffer Hierarchies screen, you can stop, start, or pause the buffering anytime you want.
The Execution Status column shows you the last run status. If you want to see more details, refer to the
Last Run Logs tab on your screen.

Special Handling for Account Hierarchy

• Displaying hierarchical information is possible for Accounts hierarchy only. You can view hierarchical
accounts (top-level only) using the Display Hierarchical Accounts Only switch.
• This feature works with report data as well as hierarchy-enabled value help in the report.
• This feature works only if:
• Accounts hierarchy is buffered with the Hierarchy-Only flag enabled.
• Accounts characteristic is a part of the report and has hierarchy set to be displayed and in all other
cases, all accounts are displayed in the reports.

9.3 Work with Relative Selections

Create relative selections for reports.

Relative selections are useful if you do not always want to change your selection values every time business
users start a report.

There are two types of relative selections: SAP-delivered and admin-created, both of which are available from
the value help of fields in the Selection area of reports under Relative Select.

• SAP-delivered:
SAP-delivered relative selections are useful if you do not want to always change your filter or selection
values every time business users start a report. The values are calculated and filtered according to
specified criteria.
Let's take the example of relative selection Last Week.
It is calendar week 27; last week is therefore 26. If it were in calendar week 26, last week would be 25.
In a report, for Calendar Week, a user chooses the relative selection Last Week, the system therefore filters
data accordingly, depending on the current calendar week.

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• Admin-created
Admin-created relative selections are created by you and can be of two types:
• Absolute Values: These are useful if you want to make a specific value or range of values available and
want to be able to change them centrally. Let’s take the example of the relative selection Currency. If
there is a specific currency you use for reporting, you can create a relative selection for that currency.
This can then be used by all users to convert amount values in reports to the desired currency. You
can also change this currency by changing the value in the relative selection. The change will then
automatically be reflected in all reports that use this relative selection.
• Dynamic Values: These are custom relative selections that changes dynamically based on the current
date. All date-type fields, such as date, month, quarter and so on are available to create dynamic
relative selections. This functionality allows you to create relative selections such as Year to the Last
Day of Last Month, Year to Current Date for Previous Year, Current and Next 2 Months, Running 4
Months, 3 Days Ago and so on.

 Note

To handle complex use cases, you can also include absolute values while creating dynamic relative
selections. With this, it is possible to create relative selections such as June of Previous Year,
Week 30 of Current Year, All Days in the Past/Future, 1-10 of Current Month and so on.

 Note

Creation of relative selections for fiscal year reporting is not supported.

Design Relative Selections

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Common Tasks Relative Selections Design Relative Selections
and click New to create one of the following:
• Absolute Values
1. Enter a name and description for the relative selection.
2. Select an appropriate type.
The type determines in which basic time characteristic the relative selection is available.

 Note

The relative selection is available in all data sources in which the time characteristic or
currency variable is available.

If you select Data Source as type, you make the relative selection only available with data
sources that you specify.

Under Data Sources, the first data source you choose is the primary data source. If you choose
to add the relative selection to further data sources, the data type of the characteristics in the
further data sources must match that of the primary data source.

The characteristic of primary data source also determines the values that are available for the
relative selection.

3. Select a value entry.

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 The value entry type determines how the user can make the value selections.
4. Under Absolute Values, select the relevant value entries to make available to business users.
• Dynamic Values
1. Enter a name and description for the relative selection.
2. Select an appropriate data type.
The type determines in which basic time characteristic the relative selection is available.
3. Select a value entry.
The value entry type determines how the user can make the value selections.
4. Under Dynamic Values, click Add to open a pop-up window and select the relevant dynamic value
entries to make available to business users. The basic idea when selecting these dynamic values is
to replicate the name/description of the relative selection. These values are made of the following
components:
• From: Specifies the start value of a range. If the relative selection is a Single Value, you can
select only this column.
• Shift By: This column is useful for two purposes. You can use it to shift current, previous,
or next values entered in the From column to another period. For example, Current Day in
Previous Year. Here, Current Day is defined under From, and Previous Year is defined in Shift
By. The second use would be to qualify values such as like first/last, which have been entered
in From. For example, First Day of Current Year. Here, First Day will be defined under From, and
Current Year will be defined in Shift By.
• To: Specifies the end value of a range. The values defined here are similar to those in the From
column.
• Shift By: Specifies the shift by values in relation to the To column.
The values defined here are similar to those in the second point.

 Note

• Values under From and To consists of three parts: The first part has the following
options: First, Last, Previous, Next, and Current. The second part is a number, which
you can leave left blank, or always define as > 0. The third part has the following
options: Date, Week, Month, Quarter, and Year. Using these parts, you can define
values such as Current Year, Next 3 Days and so on.
• Previous is different from Last. Previous is used here as an antonym of Next, while
Last is used as an antonym of First. Previous means something in the past, while last
means the last of a period. For example, if we’re in June, Previous Month would mean
April, while Last Month would mean December of the last year.
• While you can select values such as previous, next, or current in the From and To
columns, in the Shift By column you must enter the value as a number. For example,
define current Year as 0 Year, Previous Year is defined as -1 Year, and Next Year is
defined as 1 Year.
• To use absolute values while creating dynamic relative selections, you can set the
Use Absolute Values toggle button to Yes in both the From and To sections. You can
then select the absolute value type, and enter any combination of Day/Week/Month/
Quarter/Year as desired.
• Shift By works in the same manner for absolute values in dynamic relative selections
as for dynamic values.

The following examples, for the relative selection Date, illustrate how you can enter
dynamic values.

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 You can create similar relative selections for other types such as Month, Quarter and so on.

5. Optional: Click Calculate Derived Value to preview the result.

6. Click OK.
2. Click Save and Close.

Configure Relative Selections

To hide any relative selection, navigate to Business Analytics Common Tasks Relative Selections
Configure Relative Selections and deselect the Show checkbox against it. Note that once hidden, it will not be
visible to business users irrespective of their roles.

Tips and Tricks

You want to add a relative selection to a specific report.

In the Selection area of a report, you have a specific field for which you want to create a relative selection.

1. Note the data source that serves as a basis for the report.
2. Decide if you want to add the relative selection only to the data source or if you want the relative selection
to be added to all applicable data sources.
3. Once you've created the relative selection, go to the report and start it. From Add Fields, select the
corresponding characteristic and click Display in Selection Area. The field is added to the Selection area.
4. Open the value selection help of the field. Click Relative Select. Your relative selection is available from the
Select dropdown list box.

You want to find out if your relative selection might be available in a specific data source

1. From the Design Data Sources work center view, check the documentation of the specific data source.
2. In the documentation, check whether one or more characteristics with an appropriate data type are
available.
3. Start a report that uses the data source.
If you do not know of a report, you can find a report from the Design Reports work center view. You can see
the name of the underlying data source in the Data Source column.
4. From Add Fields, select the corresponding characteristic and click Display in Selection Area.
The field is added to the Selection area.

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 5. Open the value selection help of the field. Click Relative Select. Your relative selection is available from the
Select dropdown list box.

9.4 Restrict Edit Rights to analytical objects based on an

Org Unit or Business Role

You can restrict edit rights by assigning analytical objects such as, reports, key figures, data sources, KPIs, and
relative selections, to one or more Org Units/Business Roles. To do this, follow the steps below:

1. In the Business Analytics workcenter view, navigate to a relevant view, such as, Design Report, Data
Sources, Design KPIs, Design Key Figures, Broadcasts, select the analytical object and click Set Access to
open a new window.
2. Under the Allow Access field, select the checkbox against one or more Org Units/Business Roles to assign
editing rights to all administrators of those org units. Alternately, click Locate to find the org unit level that
you require.
If you want to provide access to a selected org unit and its immediate subordinates, click Grant Access. To
remove access of a selected org unit and its immediate subordinates, click Remove Access.
3. Click Save to save your changes.

 Note

• This functionality only restricts the edit rights for administrators. It does not restrict end user
functionalities such as, viewing reports, creating new views, or editing existing views.
• If you want to restrict edit rights to analytical objects in an Org Unit/Business Role, you must make
changes to your scoping. Go to Business Implementation Edit Project Scope Questions Built-in
Support System Management Analytics and select the checkbox for Enable Global and Local
Administrator for Analytics?
• You cannot restrict edit rights for Excel-based reports that are based on an org unit.
• Once a report is restricted you cannot create new views unless you have edit rights.

9.5 Translate Analytical Report Texts

In the Language Adaptation tool, you can translate analytical report texts.

You can translate the following analytical objects:

• Reports
• Dashboards
• KPI
• Data Sources
• Report-to-Report Navigation (RRN)

To do this, follow the steps below:

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1. Go to Administrator Language Adaptations .
2. From the Language Adaptations view click New to create a translation or adaptation.
3. From the New Language Adaptation screen complete the following fields:
• ID
• Name
• Select a language from the Source Language drop-down list.
• Select a language from the Target Language drop-down list.
4. Click Save or Save and Open.
5. For all report texts, select the workcenter to which the report is assigned to. For KPI, Dashboard, and RRN
select the Business Analytics work center.
6. Under Text Pool Selection, select the Get Analytical Report Texts checkbox.
7. Click Collect Texts. The system fills the Target Text column with the existing texts as delivered by or any
overrides you (or other administrators in your solution) may have made.
8. Define your required texts in the Target Text field under the Report Texts tab.

 Note

• Fields are only translated on a report level, not in data sources. In a data source, you can only translate
the header, not the characteristics and key figures.
• For KPIs, you can only translate the header. The remaining information is translated while translating
the context reports.
• For dashboards, you can only translate the header, global filters, and custom tile titles. The remaining
information is translated while translating the context reports.
• When you rename a report, it does not impact the translation via language adaptation.
• If you copy analytical content and change it afterwards it may not be translated correctly as they may
have the same key as the original.
• Master data reference fields (i.e. fields that were added via Add Fields > drill down into an object) are
not translated by default. They are only translated if there is a report on the data source from which the
master reference fields are taken, and if that report is also collected and translated.
• The parent node (i.e. the label in brackets) cannot be translated, if this field was renamed in the report
wizard.
• If you rename a field in the report wizard and then translate this field via the language adaptation, the
translation currently does not apply to the column label in the value help, when you add this field to the
selection.

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10 Integration with Central Analytics

This section gives you an overview of all the documents that describes how administrators can integrate,
replicate, and monitor data from the SAP Cloud for Customer system to external systems such as SAP
NetWeaver Business Warehouse (BW) and other third party systems.

You can integrate data through the following analytical objects:

• Reports
• Extract Report Data Using OData [page 189]
• Configure URL Mashup for Third-Party Systems [page 168]
• Data Sources
• Extract Data from Data Sources Using OData [page 192]
• Integrate Analytics with an SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse System [page 171]

10.1 Integrate Data Using Reports

Learn more about the different ways in which you can integrate data using reports.

Extract Report Data Using OData [page 165]

This OData service returns highly aggregated and preprocessed analytics data for the logged on user.

Configure URL Mashup for Third-Party Systems [page 168]

View SAP Cloud for Customer reports as a mashup in any third party system using this functionality. To
achieve this you need to configure a URL that can be called from the third party system.

10.1.1 Extract Report Data Using OData

This OData service returns highly aggregated and preprocessed analytics data for the logged on user.

You can retrieve reports that are available in the Reports work center view of the work centers assigned to the
logged on user. You can also retrieve the characteristics and key figures of reports.

SAPData

SAPData is an extra metadata that can be found in the metadata of the service. SAPData contains labels,
annotations, and so on. You can access it via SAP proxy generators.

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Examples

 Sample Code

-<Entity Type
Name=”RPMATERIAL_Q0001QueryResult“ sap:semantics=”aggregate“sap:label=”New
Materials“xmls:sap=”http://www.sap.com/Protocols/SAPData“>
<Property
Name=”CCRTA_DATE“ Type=”Edm.DataTime“ Nullable=”true“ sap:label=”Created On
ID“ sap:aggregation-role=”dimension“ sap:filterable=”true“ />

Conventions for Building OData Services for the SAP Solution

You can expand the URL depending on the data you want to retrieve.

• Available OData Services

Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata returns a list
of SAP data protocol services, representing the work centers assigned to the logged on user.
Analytics data is available for services with the convention <shortened name of work
center>_analytics.svc.
Note the following information for the specified services:
• cc_home_analytics.svcreturns all reports available to the logon user as a business user, including
reports that have been personalized.
• ana_businessanalytics_analytics.svc returns all reports available to the logon user as an
administrator, excluding reports that have been personalized.

 Note

OData Services are only accessible for the business users, and not technical users.

• Metadata Document of an Analytics Service

Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/
<shortened name of work center>_analytics.svc/$metadata returns the reports assigned to
the specified work center along with the corresponding fields in the reports.

 Note

If you are unable to retrieve a specific report via OData, check if the report is assigned to a work center.

You can check the report assignment status either by looking into the report list of the specific work
center or from the Design reports view on the Business Analytics work center.

• Data of a Report
Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/
<shortened name of work center>_analytics.svc/RP<report ID>QueryResults returns the
first 50 lines of data of the specified report

 Note

• Due to technical limitation, only up to 50 key figures and characteristics can be selected. We
recommend that you select data explicitly for the needed fields.

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 This approach has the following benefits:
• Better performance
• Controlled Memory Consumption (a maximum of 2GB data can be downloaded and this
limit may get exhausted if non-relevant fields are also selected in the data, hence consuming
memory)
• Report execution through OData requests always gets executed only for initial selection, that is, the
parameters, which are maintained in the report metadata. You cannot pass views and variants.
• Using OData filters (for example: $filter=CDPY_MAINPROSPCT_ID eq '1001145'), you
cannot overrule the parameter values in the initial selection. You can apply filters on the data
retrieved based on the initial selection.
• You have an option to pass OData parameter values (for example:
$filter=PAR_SEL_DPY_MAINPROSPCT_ID eq '1001140'). These overrule the existing
parameter values in the initial selection. The remaining parameter values, if any, in initial selection,
would still apply.
• Personalized fields that have been added through the Add Fields option are supported as selection
drill down, as well as filters. This includes master data attributes.
• You cannot pass relative selects as values for OData parameters and filters.
• Personalized parameters and parameters of hierarchy type are not supported.

• Supported Query Options

For the following supported query options, the example base of the URI is the same:
Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/
<shortened name of work center>_analytics.svc/RP<report ID>QueryResults?
• $select
Expansion: $select=<one or more specified characteristics separated by commas>
• $orderby (ascending)
Expansion: $orderby=<one or more specified characteristics followed by asc, separated by commas>
• $orderby (descending)
Expansion: $orderby=<one or more specified characteristics followed by desc, separated by
commas>
• totals
Expansion: $totals=<one or more specified characteristics separated by commas>
• $filter
Expansion: $filter=<specified characteristic> eq '<filter value>'
• $top
Expansion: $top=<specified number>
• $inlinecount
Expansion: $ inlinecount = <Flag>
This query provides the total number of results rows for ODATA. It may be different that the count key
figure seen on the report.

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Limitations

The following analytical features are not supported with OData:

• Variables and variants

• Unit/currency determination for metadata when formulas or nested reuse key figure composite are used
• Master data for unit/currency, associations to unit/currency
• Hierarchies
• Characteristic structure

 Note

Only the following use cases are supported for characteristics structure:

• In metadata: Characteristic structure is exposed as a characteristic which needs to be filtered to a

single value.
• In data retrieval: Characteristic structure is either filtered to a single value or is among the requested
fields.

10.1.2 Configure URL Mashup for Third-Party Systems

View SAP Cloud for Customer reports as a mashup in any third party system using this functionality. To achieve
this you need to configure a URL that can be called from the third party system.

The system enables you to transfer parameters while calling an SAP Cloud for Customer report from a third
party system. For example, if you want a contextual report based on city, then the city ID can be saved as a part
of a selection and transferred to an application X, where you have stored some cities and you want to see all the
contacts from C4C which reside in that city. To build a bridge between the two applications, you can create a
URL, save the parameters for the values that you want to see as a selecton, and run the report when necessary.
Ensure that the Selction is set as default for the Report View that you list in the URL.

Procedure

1. Logon to the SAP Cloud for Customer system and navigate to the Analysis work center.
2. Open the report which you want to use as a mashup, for example, Account Contact Data.
3. Navigate to Report Header Technical Information , and record the following details for future use:
• Report ID
• View ID
You will need these IDs when you create the URL.
4. You can create the URLs using the following structure:
https://system-url]/sap/public/ap/ui/repository/SAP_UI/HTML5/client.html?
app.component=/SAP_BYD_TF/Analytics/AnalysisPattern/
ANA_AP_Standalone.QA.uicomponent&app.inport=AnalysisPattern&param.ReportId=[Repo
rtId]&param.ReportType=RP&param.SelectedViewId=[View ID]&param.Scenario=AP

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 Where

Parameters Stands for

[system-url] The URL which you click to open C4C system.

[ReportId] The ID of the Report which you want to use as a mashup

[View ID] The technical ID for the View of the above report

Example

In the following example, we are using the below-listed parameters:

Parameters Stands for

[system-url] qxl-cust233.dev.sapbydesign.com

[ReportId] BPCSCONTB_Q0001

[View ID] ZAALD4BSVD4POHPOCANJSX3LQ2M

Example

https://qxl-cust233.dev.sapbydesign.com/sap/public/ap/ui/repository/SAP_UI/HTML5/client.html?
app.component=/SAP_BYD_TF/Analytics/AnalysisPattern/
ANA_AP_Standalone.QA.uicomponent&app.inport=AnalysisPattern&param.ReportId=BPCSCONTB_Q0001&
param.ReportType=RP&param.SelectedViewId=ZAALD4BSVD4POHPOCANJSX3LQ2M&param.Scenario=AP

10.2 Integrate Data Using Data Sources

Learn more about the different ways in which you can integrate data using data sources.

Extract Data from Data Sources Using OData [page 170]

This OData service returns analytics raw data on data source level for a technical user.

Integrate Analytics with an SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse System [page 171]
Replicate data from the solution to an existing SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse (BW) system.

Monitoring Quick Guide [page 187]

Monitor data sources that have been exposed for data replication to an external SAP NetWeaver
Business Warehouse (BW) system.

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10.2.1 Extract Data from Data Sources Using OData

This OData service returns analytics raw data on data source level for a technical user.

The technical user is generated and managed via a communication arrangement. The main purpose is to
replicate SAP Cloud for Customer data to an external system and consume the replicated data there.

 Note

Only the data sources, which are exposed to OData can be retrieved by the technical user. The data is
limited to raw data.

Steps to Use OData Service:

1. Enable the OData API for Data Sources.

1. In the Business Configuration work center, select your implementation project and click Edit Project
Scope.
2. In the questions step, go to Built-in Services and Support System Management Analytics .
3. Under Analytics Integration, select the checkbox next to the following question: Do you want to enable
analytical OData services for data sources?
2. Create a communication arrangement and generate the technical user.
1. Create a communication arrangement for the communication scenario Analytics Data Sources ODATA
in the Communication Arrangements view of the Administrator work center.
2. Set password for your technical user.
For more information on how to create a communication arrangement see Create a Communication
Arrangement.
3. Expose your data sources.
1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Data Sources and choose your data source.
2. Click Expose and select the Expose for OData checkbox.
Note that the Expose button is available only if you've followed step 1.
4. Test the OData URL in a new private browser session.
1. In the Design Data Sources view, click Build OData Queries.
2. In the new window, select the attributes and filters for your query.
3. Click Generate Metadata Query or Generate Data Query as you require. The system generates and
displays a new query in the OData Query field.
4. Log in with your technical user credentials and open the query in a new private browser session to
preview your query.

 Note

You can also select the data source and click to open the related documentation. You'll find the
OData URL under Integration Information.

5. Replicate raw data to your target system with a technical user.

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 To replicate the data, you typically need transactional data source and related multiple master data
sources. Check the Referenced Data Sources tab in the Design Data Sources view for a comprehensive view
on the related data sources.
Since this service delivers raw data, you must also replicate the needed master data in a separate system
and join the transactional sources with master data sources in your target system.
The metadata document contains the necessary information, which is required to rebuild the data model in
the target system. This information includes:
• Data-Type information
• Unit/Currency mapping
• ID/Text relationships
• Compounded fields

Conventions Regarding the Exposed OData Service

You can expand the URL depending on the data you want to retrieve.

Metadata Document of an Analytics Service

https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/analytics/ds/

Crmsloib.svc/$metadata returns the metadata of your service.

You can also retrieve a list of all services using the following URL: https://<your system
information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/analytics/ds/

Example Request Showing the Data

https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/analytics/ds/

Crmsloib.svc/Crmsloib?$top=10 returns the first 10 records of your service.

 Note

• Allow $Skip only for nonaggregated data.

• For data replication, add the key fields to the request. Paging is possible only when key fields are
requested.
• Extract data using selection conditions for delta, as full load may not work always. This depends on the
data volume and data source design.

10.2.2 Integrate Analytics with an SAP NetWeaver Business

Warehouse System

Replicate data from the solution to an existing SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse (BW) system.

The following documentation describes the series of process steps across two different systems based on
preconfigured communication scenarios between the solution and SAP NetWeaver BW. The data replication is
done using operational data provisioning (ODP).

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Prerequisites

• Relevant SAP Netweaver BW license

• SAP Business Warehouse 7.30, SP8, SAP Business Warehouse 7.40, or SAP Business Warehouse 7.50
• Authorization to use common BW transactions, such as RSA1 and STRUST
For more information, see Authorizations.

When configuring the integration of your solution with SAP NetWeaver BW, there are dependencies between
the activities in the different systems. Perform the procedures in the sequence outlined below.

1. Source System: Implementation Sequence in the Solution [page 172]

2. Target System: Implementation Sequence in the SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse [page 177]
3. Source System: Expose Data Sources in the Solution [page 180]
4. Target System: Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) Process in the SAP NetWeaver Business
Warehouse [page 181]
5. Source System: Monitor Data Replication [page 184]

 Note

The Cloud for Customer system supports a maximum of 3 concurrent info package extraction requests. To
avoid rejection, ensure that the extraction requests from your BW systems are scheduled accordingly.

10.2.2.1 Source System: Implementation Sequence in the

Solution

Procedure

1. Ensure that the Integration with Central Analytics business option is included in your solution scope.
a. To find this business option, open the Business Configuration work center and choose the
Implementation Projects view.
b. Select your implementation project and click Edit Project Scope. The system will open a guided
procedure to lead you through the scoping steps.
c. On the Country/Region screen, review the settings and choose Next.
d. On the Implementation Focus screen, choose Next.
e. On the Scoping screen, choose Communication and Information Exchange Integration with
External Applications and Solutions Integration with Central Analytics , select the checkbox to set
this option in scope, then choose Next.
f. On the Questions screen, choose Communication and Information Exchange Integration with
External Applications and Solutions Integration with Central Analytics , and select the Do you want
to make analytics data from the SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse system available to your solution?
scoping question.

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 g. After you have reviewed and confirmed your entries, choose Finish.

 Note

You have defined the scoping of the solution. However, you have not yet deployed the scoping. To
deploy the scoping, make sure that you confirm the Design Accepted milestone in the activity list
of the project. You generally do this after you have completed all your activities. The system will
display a message once the deployment is finished. If the milestone was completed earlier, the
deployment will be done automatically.

Results:
• The Analytics Integration communication scenario is available for creating communication
arrangements.
• The Monitoring work center view is available as an entry on the Access Rights screen when editing
the access rights of business users.
• The Monitoring work center view is available in the Business Analytics work center.
• In the Design Data Sources work center view, the Exposed column appears in the table. You can
expose or not expose data sources accordingly by clicking Expose.
By exposing data sources, you make them available to a SAP NetWeaver BW system for data
replication.
• In the Design Data Sources work center view, under Details, the Referenced Data Sources tab
page appears. The tab page shows data sources containing master data that is referenced by the
selected data source.
2. Create a communication system.

a. Navigate to Administrator General Settings Integration and click Communication Systems.

b. In the Communication Systems view, click New.
c. In the Communication System section, enter the details of the communication system:

• ID is used as the template for the technical user in the communication arrangement.
• Host Name has to be supplied, but is not used.
• For the System Access Type, select Internet.
d. When you have entered all the details, click Save and Close to return to the Communication Systems
view. The communication system you just created has the status In Preparation.
e. In the Communication Systems view, select the communication system you have created and click
Actions, then choose Set to Active.

If the status changes to Active, the configuration is ready to be used.

3. Create a communication arrangement.

a. Navigate to Administrator General Settings Integration and click Communication

Arrangements.
b. To open the New Communication Arrangement guided activity, in the Communication Arrangements
view, click New.
c. In the Select Scenario step, select Analytics Integration and click Next.
d. In the Define Business Data step, enter business data.

In the System Instance ID field, choose or enter the communication system ID that you created.

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 e. In the Define Technical Data step, define the technical settings for inbound and outbound
communication.

• In the Application Protocol field, choose Web Service.

• Choose the relevant entry from the Authentication Method field.
Depending on the authentication method that you have agreed on with the SAP NetWeaver BW
administrator, you need to define the credentials of the communication user as described in the
following table. The user ID of the communication user is created automatically.
Using user ID and password as an authentication method is in general less secure than SSL
client certificates since the information must be shared in order to create a communication
arrangement.
If you choose to use PKCS#12 key pair file as SSL client certificate authentication method, you
must download a new PKCS#12 key pair file once the existing one expires after a specified period
of time, The BW administrator must import the new PKCS#12 key pair file and override the existing
imported one.
If you decide to use user ID and password as the authentication method, ensure that it is
accordance with the security requirements of your company. Note that in order to avoid downtime,
you must update the passwords in both systems at the same time.
Next to the User ID field, click Edit Credentials.

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 Authentication Method Settings

SSL Client Certificate If you use this authentication method, you need to
upload the public key certificate that has been pro-
vided by your SAP NetWeaver BW administrator.

To upload a public key certificate, perform the fol-

lowing steps:

1. Choose Certificate.
2. Click Upload Certificate and choose the relevant
certificate.

If your SAP NetWeaver BW administrator cannot

provide a certificate, you can create and download a
PKCS#12 key pair file. The PKCS#12 file is password
encrypted and contains a public key certificate and a
private key.

 Note
Note that you have to provide your SAP NetWea-
ver BW administrator with the PKCS#12 file and
the corresponding password.

To create a PKCS#12 key pair file, perform the follow-

ing steps:

1. Choose Certificate.
2. Click Create and Download Key Pair.
3. Define a name for the PKCS#12 file and save it.
4. Define a password for the PKCS#12 file and click
OK.

User ID and Password If you use this authentication method, you need to
define a password. The user ID is automatically pre-
defined.

Perform the following steps:

1. Choose Change Password.

2. Enter a password and confirm it.

Note that you have to provide your SAP NetWeaver

BW administrator with the user ID and password.

f. Note the authentication method and corresponding information for reference; they are required for
setting up communication between SAP NetWeaver BW and the solution; the SAP NetWeaver BW
administrator requires the information.

4. Download a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file.

The WSDL file is used to set up a Web service in the SOA Manager of the target BW system.

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 a. Navigate to Administrator General Settings Integration and click Communication
Arrangements.
b. Choose the relevant communication arrangement and click Edit.
c. Click the Technical Data tab page.
d. Click Edit Advanced Settings.
e. Click Download WSDL.
f. Name and save the WSDL file; the file is required for setting up communication between SAP
NetWeaver BW and the solution; the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator requires the file.
5. Ensure that the solution URL is a trusted site.

You can check whether the solution URL is a trusted site by, for example, checking the security report or by
checking the list of trusted sites of the Web browser.
6. Export the relevant certificates from the Web browser.

The certificates are required to create a secure connection between the SAP NetWeaver BW system and
the solution; the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator requires the certificates.

You can often find export functions under the tool options of the Web browser. Depending on the Web
browser, you might need to run the browser as an administrator to export the certificate. You might also
need to import the certificate before exporting it. .

Export the root certificates from the Web browser independent of the authentication method you have
chosen. To do this, follow the steps below:

 Note

The steps mentioned below may vary depending on your browser. For detailed information about
importing and exporting certificates for your specific web browser, see the documentation of the
browser that you are using.

1. Go to your browser and click the lock sign

2. Click Details and then click View Certificates Note that depending on the browser you are using, you
might get the View Certificates option directly.
3. Select the Certification Path tab.
4. Select the root and click View Certificate.
5. Go to the Details tab, click Copy to File and then click Next.
6. Select Base-64 Encoded X-509 (.CER)
7. Click Next
8. Provide a file name and save it on your local system.
You will receive a message that your file is exported.
Click Finish.

You must now import the certificate file to the BW system. To do this, follow the steps in Target System:
Implementation Sequence in the SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse [page 177]
7. Assign the Monitoring work center view to the relevant administrators.

a. Navigate to Administrator General Settings Users and choose Business Users.

b. Select the relevant business users, then click Edit, and choose Access Rights.
c. Select the Monitoring view of the Business Analytics work center and save your changes.

Note that the user must log on again to view the changes in the authorization.

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10.2.2.2 Checklist of Information for SAP NetWeaver BW
Administrator

The administrator of the solution must provide the following information, as created from the steps above, to
the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator:

• If you have chosen to use SSL client certificate as the authentication method:
• WSDL file
• Global Root certificate
• Cybertrust SureServer Standard Validation CA certificate
• PKCS#12 key pair (if your SAP Netweaver BW administrator cannot provide a certificate)

• If you have chosen user ID and password as the authentication method:

• Technical user ID and password
• WSDL file
• Global Root certificate
• Cybertrust SureServer Standard Validation CA certificate

10.2.2.3 Target System: Implementation Sequence in the

SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse

Context

 Note

Before importing the certificates to the SAP NetWeaver system, determine whether the release of your SAP
NetWeaver BW system supports .p12 as a Personal Security Environment (PSE) file type.

If it does not, you must download the SAPGENPSE cryptography tool as part of SAP cryptographic
software in order to convert the file type of the certificates to .pse.

For more information, see Downloading the SAP Cryptographic Library and Configuring SAPGENPSE for
Use.

Use the following procedure if the target system is SAP Business Warehouse 7.30, SP8.

Procedure

1. Import certificates to the SAP NetWeaver BW system. Call transaction STRUST.

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 • Under SSL client certificate, if you are using public key certificate as the authentication method:
1. You have the SSLC/DFAULT identity available, import the Global Root certificate and the
Cybertrust SureServer Standard Validation CA certificates to the identity folder.
If the identity folder, is not available, we recommend creating a new identity SSL client identity.
From Environment, choose the SSL Client Identity entry.
From the PSE status frame (left frame), double-click the relevant identity folder.
2. Under Certificate, click the import certificate icon.
3. Add the Global Root certificate and the Cybertrust SureServer Standard Validation CA certificate
that you exported from the solution to the certificate list.
4. Save your changes.
• Under SSL client certificate, if you are using PKCS#12 as the authentication method:
1. From PSE, choose Import.
2. Select the relevant key pair file.
3. From PSE, choose Save As.
4. Select the relevant PSE, for example, SSLC/DFAULT.
5. Save your changes.
Result: The key pair file certificate is displayed in the Own Certificates pane.
• If you have chosen user ID and password as authentication method
1. You have the SSLC/ANONYM identity available, import the Global Root certificate and the
Cybertrust SureServer Standard Validation CA certificates to the identity folder. If the identity
folder, is not available, we recommend creating a new identity SSL client identity. From
Environment, choose the SSL Client Identity entry.
2. Under Certificate, click the import certificate icon.
3. Add the Global Root certificate that you exported from the solution to the certificate list.
4. Save your changes.
2. Ensure that the application SOAP management service is activated.

To ensure that ODP can be activated in SOA Manager, you must ensure that the corresponding Web service
for SOA Manager is activated. For more information, see Internet Communication Framework .
a. Call transaction SICF.
b. Ensure that SERVICE is entry in the Hierarchy Type field.
c. Click the execute icon.
d. In the Service field, enter APPL_SOAP_MANAGEMENT.
e. Click Apply.

The service appears in the Virtual Hosts / Services hierarchy.

f. Ensure that the service is activated. For more information, see Activating and Deactivating ICF
Services.
3. Add Operational Data Provisioning (ODP) as a source system.

Using the ODP framework, you can replicate data from SAP repositories to a SAP NetWeaver BW system.

 Note

Note that ODP does not support real-time data acquisition, hierarchies, nor VirtualProviders based on a
data transfer process.

a. Call transaction rsa1 and check if ODP is available as a source system under Source Systems in the
Modeling view.

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 If ODP does not appear as a source system, complete the following steps:

1. Call transaction se38.

2. Run report SAP_RSADMIN_MAINTAIN.
3. In the Object field, enter ODP.
4. In the Value field, enter X.
5. Click the execute icon.
In Modeling view of the Data Warehousing Workbench, the system creates ODP under Source
Systems.
4. Create an ODP source system.
a. Call transaction rsa1.
b. Click Modeling Source Systems , and from the context menu of ODP, click Create.
c. In the Logical System Name field, enter a technical name for the source system.
d. In the Source System Name field, enter a name for the source system.
e. Click the continue icon.
f. On the Select Communication Channel screen, click HTTP/SOAP.
g. On the Web Service Configuration screen, click SOA Manager.
h. On the following logon screen, enter your SAP NetWeaver BW user ID and password.
5. Configure logical port for the consumer proxy in SOA Manager.

For each source system, a consumer proxy is generated, for example, CO_RSDSPX_ODP_IN .

To configure a consumer proxy to access the Web service of the solution, you need to create and configure
one or more logical ports. A logical port references an endpoint, which is available at a unique location in
the solution system. You can create one or more logical ports for the same consumer proxy.

For more information about the SOA Manager, see Working with SOA Manager.
a. In the SOA Manager, select the relevant consumer proxy and click Apply Selection.
b. Go to the Configurations tab page.
c. Click Create.
d. On the SOA Management screen, enter the logical port name in the Logical Port Name field.

 Note

Note that the logical port name must be the same as you entered for the ODP source system in the
Data Warehousing Workbench.

e. For the configuration type, choose WSDL Based Configuration.

f. For the WSDL base, choose Via File.
g. Load the WSDL file that you downloaded from the solution and click Apply Settings.
h. On the following screen click Apply Settings.
i. Under Configuration of Logical Port, on the Consumer Security tab page, enter the user name
and password that have been created in the solution for the technical user in the communication
arrangement.
j. On the Transport Settings tab page, ensure if the proxy settings are correct. Check whether there are
entries in the Name of Proxy Host and Port Number of Proxy Host fields.
k. Ensure that the for the Maximum Wait for WS Consumer field, the value is set to 900. For more
information see Configuring a Consumer Proxy .
l. Click Save.

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 m. To check whether the settings you made are correct, on the Configurations tab page, click Ping Web
Service.

The SAP NetWeaver BW system calls the Web service of the solution.

If unsuccessful, the following errors might occur. Possible solutions to the corresponding error are
provided.
• Error when calling SOAP Runtime functions: SRT: HTTP-Code 500: ("SRT:
Unexpected failure in SOAP processing occurred: ("No Web service)
The password of the technical user for the solution might no longer be valid.
• Error when calling SOAP Runtime functions: SRT: Unsupported xstream found:
("HTTP Code 401 : Unauthorized")
The technical user of the solution might be locked.
• SRT Framework exception. Service Ping ERROR: Error when calling SOAP
Runtime functions: SRT: Processing error in Internet Communication
Framework: ("ICF Error when receiving the response: ICM_HTTP_SSL_ERROR")
The Global Root certificate has not been imported.
• SRT Framework exception: Service Ping ERROR: Error when calling
SOAP Runtime functions: SRT: Processing error in Internet
Communication Framework: ("ICF Error when receiving the response:
ICM_HTTP_CONNECTION_FAILED")
The proxy may not be valid or not entered. Check your proxy settings.
n. If successful, go back to the SAP NetWeaver BW system and for the ODP source system, right mouse
click the ODP source system, and click Check.

The system checks and saves the ODP source system.

o. Close the SOA Manager.

If your target system is SAP Business Warehouse 7.40, then refer to the following documentation:
Creating an ODP Source System. Please note that the ODP folder decision made in this document
needs to be “ODP-SAP Business ByDesign.”

10.2.2.4 Source System: Expose Data Sources in the Solution

In the Design Data Sources work center view, administrators for Analytics can expose or not expose data
sources for data replication accordingly. To expose or hide data sources for data replication, click Expose and
choose the relevant entry.

Expose as transactional data or master data

On the screen that appears, you can choose whether to expose the data source as a master data, as a
transaction data source, or both in the SAP NetWeaver BW system. Your choice only affects how the data
source is maintained in the BW system and how the data source is called by the Web service.

 Note

Example

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 The following is an example of the Web service.

P is for master data.

F is for transactional data.

If exposed as master data:

 Sample Code

<NodeStructure>
<NodeID>/MOM/JOB$P </NodeID>
<Description>Job Master Data</Description>
<SemanticsCode>P </SemanticsCode>
<DisplayID>/MOM/JOB</DisplayID>
</NodeStructure>

If exposed as master data and as transactional data:

 Sample Code

<NodeStructure>
<NodeID>/MOM/JOB$P</NodeID>
<Description>Job Master Data</Description>
<SemanticsCode>P</SemanticsCode>
<DisplayID>/MOM/JOB</DisplayID>
</NodeStructure>
<NodeStructure>
<NodeID>/MOM/JOB$F</NodeID>
<Description>Job Master Data</Description>
<SemanticsCode>F</SemanticsCode>
<DisplayID>/MOM/JOB</DisplayID>
</NodeStructure>

For data sources that you expose, ensure that you also expose data sources that contain master data that is
referenced by the selected data source.

You can find a list of referenced data sources for the data source to be exposed under Details on the Referenced
Data Sources tab page.

10.2.2.5 Target System: Extraction, Transformation and

Loading (ETL) Process in the SAP NetWeaver
Business Warehouse

Context

In the SAP NetWeaver BW system, you prepare the system to use the replicated data from the solution source
system.

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The SAP NetWeaver BW administrator can define the objects and data flow modeling to support company
reporting requirements. Note that the steps outlined below are meant as an example.

Procedure

1. Create an InfoArea for objects containing source system data.

You can create an InfoArea for the InfoCubes, DataStore objects and InfoObjects by which the objects can
be grouped.
2. Create an application component.

Create application component to group your data sources, for example, ByD_Data_Sources_01.
3. Create a DataSource

We recommend creating a DataSource for each solution system and solution data source. For example,
BPARTNER_QLCCLNT901.

The DataSource type is transactional data even in the case of SAP NetWeaver master data.

For more information, see DataSource .

a. Maintain GeneralInfo. tab page.
b. Maintain Extraction tab page.

Ensure that the following values are set for the corresponding fields.

Field Value

Delta Process Delta Only Via Full Upload (ODS or InfoPackage

Selection)

Direct Access No DTP Allowed for Direct Access

ODP source systems do not support direct access using

the data transfer process (DTP) for data replication.

Real-Time Real-Time Data Acquisition Is Not Supported

The field is read-only.

ODP source systems do not support real-time data ac-

quisition.

Adapter Extraction from SAP System by Operational Data

Provisioning

Operational Data Provider Exposed data sources from the solution system that is
connected to the ODP source system are displayed as
operational data providers.

Choose the relevant exposed data source.

c. Maintain Proposal tab page.

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 This tab page shows you the data structure of the source data source. Decide which fields you require
in the data target and how the data target is to be set up to fulfil reporting requirements. Clarify
whether the data source contains the required fields.

 Note

On the Fields tab page, in the Transfer column, the relevant fields of the data source can be
selected when creating or changing the data source.

Take note of the Key Field column. You choose the corresponding fields and/or their corresponding
UUID in rows as primary keys in the data targets. Note that data targets of type InfoObject (required
for master data) may only have one primary key only whereas DataStore Objects (DSO), which mainly
correspond to source data sources based on transactional documents, may have multiple primary
keys.
d. Preview the data.

On the Preview tab page, you can view the data as available from the solution source system. Note that
you have to activate the data source to preview the data; you can ignore yellow warning messages.

4. Check, maintain, and create InfoObjects.

For more information, see Creating Information Objects in the Info Object List.

Each field in the solution data source has to be mapped to an InfoObject of an InfoCube, DataStore Object,
or SAP NetWeaver master data table. Check whether the target InfoObjects exist in the SAP NetWeaver
BW system and whether the data type formats match.

 Note

Data extraction often fails, for example, because the lowercase letters indicator is not set in the target
characteristic.

Note that you can also use Generate Data Flow to create InfoObjects, but you should have a convention
for naming the InfoObjects. It might be necessary to adapt the automatically generated InfoObjects; for
example, you may still have to set the lowercase letters indicator.
5. Generate data flow for transactional data sources from the source system.

Transactional data sources from the source system refer to business documents, such as sales orders.
They usually contain UUIDs of underlying master data, such as the UUIDs of products or business
partners. For transaction data sources, the preliminary data target in SAP NetWeaver BW is the DataStore
Object (DSO). The Generate Data Flow function enables you to create a draft of the transformation and
data transfer process. You can make changes accordingly.

When you manually create a data transfer process for DataSources note that the extraction mode must be
full and the Do not extract from PSA indicator must be set.

 Note

When you create the data transfer process by generating the data flow automatically note that these
are not the default settings. You must change and reactivate the data transfer process accordingly in
case of automated generation.

You can also extract data from multiple solution systems into the same DataStore object.

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 Example of Data Flow

The following figure provides an example of how the data flow can be set up in the SAP NetWeaver BW
system. Note that the example is meant to depict a possible data flow and possible modeling.

Example of a data flow

10.2.2.6 Source System: Monitor Data Replication

Administrators for Analytics can monitor the status of the data replication runs from the SAP NetWeaver BW
system against data sources that are exposed in the solution.

When the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator initiates a data replication run against the exposed data sources
in the solution, the solution system creates an entry in the table of the Monitoring work center view in the
Business Analytics work center.

For more information, see Monitoring Quick Guide [page 187].

 Note

For example, the solution system creates an entry when the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator executes the
following actions:

• Previews data of a DataSource in the SAP NetWeaver BW system by clicking Read Preview Data on the
Preview tab page of a DataSource.
• Executes a data transfer process for a target object.

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Note that the system not does recognize the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator as the creator of the replication
run in the Replicated By field, but rather the technical user that is created for the communication arrangement
that is used to communicate with the SAP NetWeaver BW system.

10.2.2.7 Pagination During ETL Process in Operational Data

Provisioning

Apply pagination and extract data in packages using the Open-Fetch-Close-Pattern. This helps to avoid
memory dumps while extracting large amount of data.

To enable pagination, you must do the following:

• Apply SAP Note Number 2346390 in your SAP Netweaver BW system.

• Reactivate the communication arrangement in your SAP Cloud for Customer system. To do this, navigate
to Administrator Communication Arrangements , select an arrangement, and click Reactivate.

 Note

• When you enable the pagination method, the system applies it automatically to all data sources. It is
not possible to apply this method at an individual data source level.
• Cloud for Customer does not support pagination for Join, Virtual, and Cloud types of data source,
either directly, or as an underlying member. These data sources are extracted as before.
• Using pagination, you can extract up to 2 million records with a single call from the SAP Netweaver
BW system. The maximum number of records extracted might increase or decrease depending on
the number of characteristics and key figures in a data source. If there are more records in your data
source, you can pass selections to restrict the amount of data.
• Extraction using pagination takes longer than the direct method because this method executes a
background job (to collect and pass data) in the source system.
• You can revert to the direct method of extraction using the steps mentioned in SAP Note 2346390.

Related Information

Target System: Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) Process in the SAP NetWeaver Business
Warehouse [page 181]

10.2.2.8 Deletion of Records Using Operational Data

Provisioning

Analytics in SAP Cloud for Customer system run on real-time data, which can be replicated in the SAP
NetWeaver BW system through ODP integration. Therefore, deletion of any data in the SAP Cloud for Customer
system can lead to inconsistencies in the already extracted data in SAP NetWeaver BW system. You can extract
details about records that are deleted in theSAP Cloud for Customer system from the Deleted Data (ODP

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Integration) data source, and use it to clean-up your data sources in the SAP NetWeaver BW system so that the
reports are consistent in both the systems.

The following figure illustrates how this scenario works:

Procedure

Perform the following steps to extract data from this data source:

1. In the source system, expose data source Deleted Data (ODP Integration) by following the steps mentioned
in Source System: Expose Data Sources in the Solution [page 180]
2. In the target system, extract data from this data source by following the steps mentioned in Target System:
Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) Process in the SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse [page
181]

 Note

• SAP Cloud for Customer system makes deleted records available for extraction through this data
source. Customer’s BW administrator is responsible for transferring this data to BW to maintain data
consistency.
• The data source contains deleted records of only those data sources that are exposed through
Operational Data Provisioning (ODP).
• Capturing deleted records details are not supported for data source of type Join, Virtual, and Cloud.
This is true even in scenarios where one of the underlying data source is of these type.
• SAP Cloud for Customersystem stores the deleted data for 45 days only. You must extract this data
before the stipulated time frame, post which the information will get lost.

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Deleted Data Source Fields Overview

The following tables gives an overview of the fields in the data source Deleted Data (ODP Integration)

Field Name Field ID Field Type Comments

Data Source MDAV_NAME Characteristic Deleted Data (ODP Integra-

tion) Data Source ID i.e.
ANAODPDELV

Data Source ODP Alias ODP_ALIAS Characteristic Data Source ODP ID (as
shown in the SAP NetWea-
ver BW system) of the Data
Source for which deleted re-
cords detail are captured.

Involved Data Source REF_0MDAV Characteristic Underlying Basic Data

Source ID of a Union Data
Source. This will be empty if
the exposed Data Source is a
Basic Data Source

BO Name BO_NAME Characteristic BO Name from which the re-

cord is deleted in the SAP
Cloud for Customer system

BO Node Name BO_NODE_NAME Characteristic BO Node from which the re-

cord is deleted in theSAP
Cloud for Customer system

Deleted Node ID BO_NODE_ID Characteristic Node ID of the record which

was deleted in the SAP Cloud
for Customer system

Deletion Date/Time DEL_DAT_TIM Characteristic Timestamp when the record

was deleted in the SAP Cloud
for Customersystem

Counter 0COUNT Characteristic

10.2.3 Monitoring Quick Guide

Monitor data sources that have been exposed for data replication to an external SAP NetWeaver Business
Warehouse (BW) system.

You can access the Monitoring view from the Business Analytics work center.

Exposing data sources for data replication to an external SAP NetWeaver BW system is useful, for example,
when a parent company, which runs an SAP ERP system, wants to create and run reports on the data gathered

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from its subsidiary companies, which run the solution. The data from data sources in the solution is replicated
to the SAP NetWeaver BW system of the parent company.

Tasks

You can perform the following tasks in this view:

• Expose Data Sources in the Design Data Sources Work Center View
In the Design Data Sources work center view, administrators can expose or not expose data sources for
data replication accordingly. To expose or hide data sources for data replication, click Expose and choose
the relevant entry.

 Note

• The Expose button is disabled for Cloud Data Sources and Joined Data Sources. For joined data
sources, you should expose the underlined join members
• For data sources that you expose, ensure that you also expose data sources that contain master
data that is referenced by the selected data source.
You can find a list of any referenced data sources for the data source to be exposed under Details
on the Referenced Data Sources tab page.

• Monitor the Replication of Data of Exposed Data Sources

You can monitor the status of the data replication runs from the SAP NetWeaver BW system against data
sources that are exposed in the solution.
When the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator initiates a data replication run against the exposed data
sources in the solution, the solution system creates an entry in the table of the Monitoring work center
view.

 Note

For example, the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator previews data of a DataSource in the SAP
NetWeaver BW system by clicking Read Preview Data on the Preview tab page of a DataSource. The
solution system creates an entry accordingly.

Note that the system not does recognize the SAP NetWeaver BW administrator as the creator of
the replication run in the Replicated By field, but rather the technical user that is created for the
communication arrangement that is used to communicate with the SAP NetWeaver BW system.

When you monitor the status of replication runs against data sources that are exposed in the solution, the
following statuses are possible:

Status Description

OK The run is successful.

Open The run is not yet complete.

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 Status Description

Errors The run cannot be completed. You can check the log of the
run by selecting the relevant entry and clicking Details.

Possible reasons for errors are:

• The relevant data source is no longer exposed.

Check in the Design Data Sources work center view if
the data source is still exposed.
• The SAP NetWeaver BW administrator stopped the
run.
• A technical error has occurred either in the SAP Net-
Weaver BW system.
• The fine-tune activity for the function is no longer in
scope for the solution.

10.3 Retrieve Analytics Data Using OData

Use the Open Data Protocol (OData) service (/sap/c4c/odata) for SAP Cloud for Customer to retrieve the
available analytics data.

There are two different APIs to retrieve the analytics data:

• OData API for Reports

• OData API for Data Sources

For information about OData, see http://www.odata.org .

Extract Report Data Using OData [page 189]

This OData service returns highly aggregated and preprocessed analytics data for the logged on user.

Extract Data from Data Sources Using OData [page 192]

This OData service returns analytics raw data on data source level for a technical user.

10.3.1 Extract Report Data Using OData

This OData service returns highly aggregated and preprocessed analytics data for the logged on user.

You can retrieve reports that are available in the Reports work center view of the work centers assigned to the
logged on user. You can also retrieve the characteristics and key figures of reports.

SAPData

SAPData is an extra metadata that can be found in the metadata of the service. SAPData contains labels,
annotations, and so on. You can access it via SAP proxy generators.

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Examples

 Sample Code

-<Entity Type
Name=”RPMATERIAL_Q0001QueryResult“ sap:semantics=”aggregate“sap:label=”New
Materials“xmls:sap=”http://www.sap.com/Protocols/SAPData“>
<Property
Name=”CCRTA_DATE“ Type=”Edm.DataTime“ Nullable=”true“ sap:label=”Created On
ID“ sap:aggregation-role=”dimension“ sap:filterable=”true“ />

Conventions for Building OData Services for the SAP Solution

You can expand the URL depending on the data you want to retrieve.

• Available OData Services

Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata returns a list
of SAP data protocol services, representing the work centers assigned to the logged on user.
Analytics data is available for services with the convention <shortened name of work
center>_analytics.svc.
Note the following information for the specified services:
• cc_home_analytics.svcreturns all reports available to the logon user as a business user, including
reports that have been personalized.
• ana_businessanalytics_analytics.svc returns all reports available to the logon user as an
administrator, excluding reports that have been personalized.

 Note

OData Services are only accessible for the business users, and not technical users.

• Metadata Document of an Analytics Service

Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/
<shortened name of work center>_analytics.svc/$metadata returns the reports assigned to
the specified work center along with the corresponding fields in the reports.

 Note

If you are unable to retrieve a specific report via OData, check if the report is assigned to a work center.

You can check the report assignment status either by looking into the report list of the specific work
center or from the Design reports view on the Business Analytics work center.

• Data of a Report
Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/
<shortened name of work center>_analytics.svc/RP<report ID>QueryResults returns the
first 50 lines of data of the specified report

 Note

• Due to technical limitation, only up to 50 key figures and characteristics can be selected. We
recommend that you select data explicitly for the needed fields.

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 This approach has the following benefits:
• Better performance
• Controlled Memory Consumption (a maximum of 2GB data can be downloaded and this
limit may get exhausted if non-relevant fields are also selected in the data, hence consuming
memory)
• Report execution through OData requests always gets executed only for initial selection, that is, the
parameters, which are maintained in the report metadata. You cannot pass views and variants.
• Using OData filters (for example: $filter=CDPY_MAINPROSPCT_ID eq '1001145'), you
cannot overrule the parameter values in the initial selection. You can apply filters on the data
retrieved based on the initial selection.
• You have an option to pass OData parameter values (for example:
$filter=PAR_SEL_DPY_MAINPROSPCT_ID eq '1001140'). These overrule the existing
parameter values in the initial selection. The remaining parameter values, if any, in initial selection,
would still apply.
• Personalized fields that have been added through the Add Fields option are supported as selection
drill down, as well as filters. This includes master data attributes.
• You cannot pass relative selects as values for OData parameters and filters.
• Personalized parameters and parameters of hierarchy type are not supported.

• Supported Query Options

For the following supported query options, the example base of the URI is the same:
Example: https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/
<shortened name of work center>_analytics.svc/RP<report ID>QueryResults?
• $select
Expansion: $select=<one or more specified characteristics separated by commas>
• $orderby (ascending)
Expansion: $orderby=<one or more specified characteristics followed by asc, separated by commas>
• $orderby (descending)
Expansion: $orderby=<one or more specified characteristics followed by desc, separated by
commas>
• totals
Expansion: $totals=<one or more specified characteristics separated by commas>
• $filter
Expansion: $filter=<specified characteristic> eq '<filter value>'
• $top
Expansion: $top=<specified number>
• $inlinecount
Expansion: $ inlinecount = <Flag>
This query provides the total number of results rows for ODATA. It may be different that the count key
figure seen on the report.

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Limitations

The following analytical features are not supported with OData:

• Variables and variants

• Unit/currency determination for metadata when formulas or nested reuse key figure composite are used
• Master data for unit/currency, associations to unit/currency
• Hierarchies
• Characteristic structure

 Note

Only the following use cases are supported for characteristics structure:

• In metadata: Characteristic structure is exposed as a characteristic which needs to be filtered to a

single value.
• In data retrieval: Characteristic structure is either filtered to a single value or is among the requested
fields.

10.3.2 Extract Data from Data Sources Using OData

This OData service returns analytics raw data on data source level for a technical user.

The technical user is generated and managed via a communication arrangement. The main purpose is to
replicate SAP Cloud for Customer data to an external system and consume the replicated data there.

 Note

Only the data sources, which are exposed to OData can be retrieved by the technical user. The data is
limited to raw data.

Steps to Use OData Service:

1. Enable the OData API for Data Sources.

1. In the Business Configuration work center, select your implementation project and click Edit Project
Scope.
2. In the questions step, go to Built-in Services and Support System Management Analytics .
3. Under Analytics Integration, select the checkbox next to the following question: Do you want to enable
analytical OData services for data sources?
2. Create a communication arrangement and generate the technical user.
1. Create a communication arrangement for the communication scenario Analytics Data Sources ODATA
in the Communication Arrangements view of the Administrator work center.
2. Set password for your technical user.
For more information on how to create a communication arrangement see Create a Communication
Arrangement.

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 3. Expose your data sources.
1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Data Sources and choose your data source.
2. Click Expose and select the Expose for OData checkbox.
Note that the Expose button is available only if you've followed step 1.
4. Test the OData URL in a new private browser session.
1. In the Design Data Sources view, click Build OData Queries.
2. In the new window, select the attributes and filters for your query.
3. Click Generate Metadata Query or Generate Data Query as you require. The system generates and
displays a new query in the OData Query field.
4. Log in with your technical user credentials and open the query in a new private browser session to
preview your query.

 Note

You can also select the data source and click to open the related documentation. You'll find the
OData URL under Integration Information.

5. Replicate raw data to your target system with a technical user.

To replicate the data, you typically need transactional data source and related multiple master data
sources. Check the Referenced Data Sources tab in the Design Data Sources view for a comprehensive view
on the related data sources.
Since this service delivers raw data, you must also replicate the needed master data in a separate system
and join the transactional sources with master data sources in your target system.
The metadata document contains the necessary information, which is required to rebuild the data model in
the target system. This information includes:
• Data-Type information
• Unit/Currency mapping
• ID/Text relationships
• Compounded fields

Conventions Regarding the Exposed OData Service

You can expand the URL depending on the data you want to retrieve.

Metadata Document of an Analytics Service

https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/analytics/ds/

Crmsloib.svc/$metadata returns the metadata of your service.

You can also retrieve a list of all services using the following URL: https://<your system
information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/analytics/ds/

Example Request Showing the Data

https://<your system information>.sapbydesign.com/sap/c4c/odata/analytics/ds/

Crmsloib.svc/Crmsloib?$top=10 returns the first 10 records of your service.

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  Note

• Allow $Skip only for nonaggregated data.

• For data replication, add the key fields to the request. Paging is possible only when key fields are
requested.
• Extract data using selection conditions for delta, as full load may not work always. This depends on the
data volume and data source design.

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11 Integration with SAP Analytics Cloud

This section provides you an overview of the different methods of integration with SAP Analytics Cloud.

You can integrate SAP Cloud for Customer with SAP Analytics Cloud in the following ways:

• Integration Using ODATA Services [page 195]

• Integration with SAP Analytics Cloud, Embedded Edition [page 195]

11.1 Integration Using ODATA Services

Integrate SAP Cloud for Customer with SAP Analytics Cloud.

You can integrate the following ODATA services provided by SAP Cloud for Customer:

• SAP Cloud for Customer Analytics: Use this service to access all the SAP Cloud for Customer reports
directly for the corresponding business user in SAP Analytics Cloud. For more information, see Retrieve
Analytics Data Using OData [page 189].
To set up an integration between SAP Cloud for Customer and SAP Analytics Cloud, see Import Data
Connection to SAP Cloud for Customer.
• SAP Cloud for Customer: Use this service to integrate all non analytical models. For more information, see
SAP Cloud for Customer OData API.

 Note

You can import only acquired data with SAP Analytics Cloud.

11.2 Integration with SAP Analytics Cloud, Embedded

Edition

The real-time integration between SAP Cloud for Customer and SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) enables you to use
the analytical features that SAC provides when embedded in the Cloud for Customer solution.

 Note

SAC tenants aren't provisioned automatically. You must request for activation by raising a case against the
AP-RC-ANA-SAC component.

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Enable SAC Features in SAP Cloud for Customer

To enable the usage of embedded SAC features in SAP Cloud for Customer:

1. In the Business Configuration work center, select your implementation project and click Edit Project Scope.
2. In the questions step, go to Built-in Services and Support System Management Analytics .
3. Under Analytics Integration, select the checkbox next to the following question: Do you want to use
embedded SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) features in SAP Cloud for Customer?

Enable Single Sign-On for SAC

To enable Single Sign-On for SAC, you've to connect the identity provider to SAC tenant. To do so, download the
metadata of the SAC tenant and upload it to your identity provider. Afterwards, choose the identity provider,
and create the identity provider in the SAC tenant to start using SAC.

Download the Metadata of the SAC Tenant

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Common Tasks SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) Configuration
2. Click Configure Single Sign-On for SAC to open a new window.
3. Click Download Metadata as XML. The XML file is downloaded to your local drive.

Configure SAC Service Provider Metadata in Your Identity Provider (IdP)

1. Log on to the SAP Cloud Identity Services as an administrator. You can also use an external identity
provider.

 Note

Ensure that you use the same identity provider service for both single sign-on (SSO) and also for SAP
Cloud for Customer tenant.

2. On the SAP Cloud Identity Services screen, navigate to Applications & Resources Applications , and
click Add to create a new application for the SAC Service Provider.
3. In the Add Application pop-up window, enter a name and click Save. The system opens and displays the
new application.
4. Under Trust Single Sign-On , configure the following settings:
• Click Type, and select SAML 2.0
• Click SAML 2.0 Configuration, and upload the SAC metadata XML from your local drive.
• Click Subject Name Identifier, and configure the attribute, which the application uses to identify the
users.
Ensure that you use the same attribute that is maintained in the Cloud for Customer tenant. For
example, if the Cloud for Customer tenant-specific application in the IdP is configured as Login Name,
then use the same value in SAC-specific application as well.
• Click Assertion Attributes + Add and maintain the following user attributes and assertion
attributes and then click Save.

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 User Attribute Assertion Attribute

Language preferredLanguage

Display Name displayName

Last Name familyName

First Name givenName

E-mail email

5. Navigate to Tenant Settings, and click SAML 2.0 Configuration to open a new screen.
6. Click Download Metadata File to download the IdP metadata.

 Note

Use this procedure to configure IdP provided by SAP. You can follow similar steps to configure external IdPs.

Upload IdP Metadata to the SAP Cloud for Customer Tenant

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Common Tasks SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) Configuration .
2. Click Configure Single Sign-On for SAC to open a new window.
3. Under the Upload IdP Metadata header, choose either User ID or email for IdP Subject Name Identifier,
depending on how your users are configured in your IdP.
4. Click Upload to upload the XML metadata file.
5. Click Save or Save and Close.
You've now configured Single Sign-On to the SAP Analytics Cloud tenant.

Reset IdP Metadata

You can use the Reset IdP Metadata button to clear existing IdP metadata settings. After resetting, when you
upload again, all existing users are modified to reflect the correct subject name identifier, if the value chosen
is different from the previous one. Depending on the number of users in the system, this action can take a few
minutes to a couple of hours.

Optional: Manage Users for SAC

To view the users that are replicated from Cloud for Customer to SAC, click Manage Users for SAC. The system
replicates the users daily. However, if you want to activate a user ad-hoc, you can use this screen.

Select a user ID and click Activate.

Create Stories

A story is a presentation-style document that uses charts, visualizations, text, images, and pictograms to
describe data. Once you create or open a story, you can add and edit pages, sections, and elements as you like.

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Follow these steps to create a story:

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Stories , and then click New.

The System connects and opens SAP Analytics Cloud within the Cloud for customer system in a new tab.
All the data sources exposed from Cloud for customer are loaded and displayed in a list.
2. Under Available Data, select a datasource and drag and drop it to add it to the Query Designer.
3. Optional: Click the table icon to select columns/fields from the data source that you want to include in the
model.
4. Optional: Click the data source node to see the list of master data attributes.
5. Click Preview Query to view the structure.
6. Click Finish. In the popup window, enter a name for your new SAC model.
The system opens the story designer where you can add charts, tables, and so on.
For more information, see Creating a New Story
7. Click the Save icon. In the popup window, enter a name and description for your new story.
The story is now available in the Design Stories work center view.
8. Navigate to the Design Stories work center view, and click Assign to share the story with one or more
business roles. The users assigned to these business roles can now view these stories in Analysis
Stories .

 Note

You can access these stories only through the SAP Cloud for Customer system.

Analyze Data

For more information on how your business users can run and analyze the stories that you’ve created, see
Explore Your Data.

11.2.1 Limitations

Lists the limitations of SAP Analytics Cloud Embedded Edition.

• You can build stories only on standard and cloud data sources for SAP Cloud for Customer. You can’t
create them using joined, combined, or virtual data sources. Also, you can't create stories from data
sources from any other SAP products apart from SAP Cloud for Customer.
• The embedded stories aren’t available in the mobile application.
• Rich text fields are shown as plain text in SAC stories with HTML tags. The tags in stories are not
converted.
• The following features aren’t supported:
• Embed tiles on home page or other UIs on SAP Cloud for Customer.
• Hierarchical data view, such as, in Accounts or Territories
• Reuse models across multiple stories
• Transport stories across tenants

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 • Individual widget support for embedded tiles
• Intent-based navigation
• User time zone conversion
• Calculate date or time difference
• ID-based sorting in SAC stories
• Currency and unit conversion
• Support for themes
• Lifecycle management scenarios such as, tenant copy, tenant refresh, and so on
• Compounded fields
• Relative selections
• Transient fields

11.2.2 Convert Stories to Optimized Design Experience (ODE)

Format

The Optimized Design Experience enables content within an SAP Analytics Cloud story to load quickly. Newly-
created stories will be in ODE format, except the stories that are created by using Save As from the existing
classic stories. Existing stories that are in classic mode will remain in the classic format until they are converted
to ODE format.

Context

To convert the existing stories to ODE format:

Procedure

1. Navigate to Business Analytics Design Stories .

2. Select a story from the list, and choose Edit.

3. Go to More Save Convert to Optimized Design Experience , and then click Convert.

Check for the success message and ensure that the story renders as expected after the conversion.
However, if there are any issues in conversion due to ODE limitations, the story will continue to work in full
classic view mode. Save the story once the conversion is complete.

 Note

Restrictions and Limitations

The Optimized Design Experience provides a new set of features (including the Asset Panel, View Time
Toolbar Customization, and more) that are available exclusively in this mode. However, some of the
following restrictions and limitations apply:

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 • The converted responsive pages may not be totally identical to the classic ones. You might need to
adjust the layout. The conversion is a permanent change, which means you won't be able to revert
to Classic Design Experience.
• Blocking features will prevent conversion until they have been removed while unsupported features
will be permanently lost after conversion.
• Support for the classic stories will be stopped in a near future, it is suggested to convert all the
existing classic stories to ODE format.

Related Information

Optimized Story Experience

How to Enable Optimized Design Experience – Convert an Existing Story
How to Enable Optimized Design Experience – Create a New Story

11.2.3 SAP Analytics Cloud FAQ

This section answers commonly asked questions about SAP Analytics Cloud.

11.2.3.1 Why does the 'User Active' status displays No and

when trying to activate an error message is shown?

Probable Reason: If the same Email ID is provided for multiple users in SAP Cloud for Customer even though
the User ID is different and subject name identifier that is selected at the time of IdP upload is User ID.

Solution: If there are multiple users with the same Email ID, then only one user gets created in SAC, and the
creation of the other users fails. Change the Email address of the other users and activate the user again.

11.2.3.2 Why is the user account inactive at the time of

creating or viewing SAC?

1. Probable Reason: The user isn't created in SAC for the logged in user.
Solution: After the IdP upload is successful, a job is scheduled to replicate the users in SAP Cloud for
Customer to be created in SAC. Verify if the user is created in SAC by navigating to Business Analytics
Common Tasks Manage Users for SAC . The user for which the error message displays must be in active
status. An active status indicates that the user is successfully replicated in SAC. If Active column displays
status No, as an administrative user, you can activate this user.

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 2. Probable Reason: The user is created in SAC, but there's a mismatch between IdP User ID/E-mail and User
ID/E-mail created in SAC.
Solution:
• Check if the SAC user is active by navigating to Business Analytics Common Tasks Manage
Users for SAC . If the user is active, then check the User ID of the user (if user is selected while
uploading IdP) or check the user's E-mail (if email is selected). The User ID or E-mail must match with
the IdP user's User ID or E-mail, including the case-sensitivity. If your identity authentication is:
• SAP IAS: Complete the following steps:
1. Log on to SAP Identity Authentication Service (IAS) as an administrator.
2. On the IAS login screen, navigate to Applications & Resources Applications .
3. Search and select the SAC application that was created from the metadata, uploaded earlier.
4. Select the Subject Name Identifier option, and view if the Login Name or E-mail selected is
uppercase or lowercase. If the Login Name or E-mail case differs from the SAC user name
casing, choose Apply Function to Subject Name Identifier to modify the subject name identifier
to match the user name case, and then click Save.
• Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS): Complete the steps listed in the KBA
(from Step 2 onwards).

 Note

All steps performed on Azure AD are out scope of SAP Support and any reference links
provided are for informative purposes only. Check with your AD administrators and confirm if
the User ID or E-mail that would be authenticated with SAC is same as User ID and E-mail as
mentioned in Manage Users for SAC screen.

• Microsoft Azure Directory: Complete the steps listed in the KBA (from Step 2 onwards).

 Note

All steps performed on Azure AD are out scope of SAP Support and any reference links
provided are for informative purposes only. Check with your AD administrators and confirm if
the User ID or E-mail that would be authenticated with SAC is same as User ID and E-mail as
mentioned in Manage Users for SAC screen.

• Any other IdP service: Ensure that correct subject name identifier for SAC application is selected.
Check with your SSO administrator that the User ID or E-mail for a specific user is matching with
the user provided on the Manage Users for SAC screen.

11.2.3.3 Why is the user account inactive or am I unable to

activate an existing user?

Probable Reason: If the Email ID of the existing user was previously used for any other user or changed to
an already used Email ID. For example: If a user1 had provided [email protected] and after successful user
activation in SAC, it was changed to [email protected], now another user2 is created with [email protected]
then creating the user2 fails.

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Solution: Update the Assertion Attributes of the SAC tenant in the IdP system also update the Email ID of the
user1 in IdP to [email protected] and then the user1 must log in to C4C and access any of the existing stories.
After a successful login is done by user1, create a user2 with [email protected] and try to activate the user.

11.2.3.4 Should I share my business user credentials when I

raise incidents for embedded SAC?

Probable Reason:

Analyzing issues in Embedded SAC is difficult as the integration involves login through a SSO user. SAP can
reproduce issues in the SAP Cloud for Customer by generating support users to access customer tenants.
However, this approach doesn’t work for Embedded SAC since a generated support user isn't present in IdP
systems, used by the customers. Sharing credentials of business users over channels such as incidents is risky.

Solution:

To strike a balance between the two, we recommend the following approach, especially for your test or QA
tenants:

• You must create a dummy user in both SAP Cloud for Customer and IdP systems.
• This user must have no workcenter views assigned to it. This means that anyone logging in with this user
will not be able to see any data.
• If you raise an incident against Embedded SAC, this user should be assigned the same workcenter views as
the business user facing the issue.
• You must then share the credentials of this user securely through the incident in the Secure Credentials
area.
• Once the incident is closed, you must remove all workcenter views assigned to the user so that no data is
accessible.

 Note

This recommendation is to process any incidents related to Embedded SAC faster, but not mandatory
for customers to implement. In case if you've enabled two-factor authentication in addition to SSO, this
approach doesn't work, and this recommendation must be ignored.

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12 Analytics for Business Users

Learn how you can visually map, validate, analyze, and blend any data, big and small, on premise and in the
cloud.

You can create custom reports using the guided procedures and then control the visibility of those reports by
assigning them to specific work centers and individual business roles. If you have defined custom fields in your
solution, you can add them to data sources or reports that you have created, or those delivered within the
solution. You can also join or combine heterogeneous data sources, and create custom calculated measures
and comparison metrics.

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12.1 Use Interactive Dashboards

Interactive dashboards allow you to define connections, transfer filters between reports, and look at all the
relevant business information in one place.

When you open the Dashboard workcenter, you can view the list of all the available dashboards on the landing
page along with their description and origin type. You can search and sort the list by name and origin type. You
can also use filters and save the list as a query.

12.1.1 Configure Charts

Control how the chart data appears on screen.

• Select a chart type from the Settings menu.

• Show or hide the chart legend. Find this option in the Settings menu on the browser, and choose the small
icon at the upper left of the chart.
• Choose a data element on a chart and linked reports update to reflect your selection. For example, choose
a specific bar in a bar chart, and linked reports on the dashboard update to show data from the selected
element.

 Note

• You cannot personalize and save these visualization changes in the dashboard.
• Only the following charts are available in the dashboard:
• Bar
• Pie
• Line
• Area
• Donut
• Column
• Stacked Column
• 100 Percent Stacked Column
• 100 Percent Stacked Bar
• Funnel
• If your report is used in the dashboard, it's good practice to avoid adding characteristics to columns,
because this can lead to inaccurate results.
• Under Table Settings, if you select First Row in the Show Result Row As field, the chart visualization may
be inconsistent.

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12.1.2 Drill Down Data

Drill down data to view the information most relevant to you.

1. Open the drill down pane for a report by choosing the Drill Down icon .
2. Select the desired characteristics or key figures. The report updates immediately to reflect your changes.

 Note

Linked reports do not update when the drill down pane is open.

Choose the Reset icon to go back to the original state. This removes drill down characteristics and
filters from all charts on the current dashboard.

Choose the Refresh icon to get the updated data in Dashboard.

If you choose a data element on a chart (by clicking in the browser or by selecting an area in the app),
the filter is automatically transferred to the linked reports and they update to reflect your selection. For
example, if you choose a bar showing data for Quarter 1 in a bar chart, all the linked reports will now show
the data relevant for Quarter 1.

12.1.3 Add Annotations and E-Mail Dashboards

Add annotations and send an image of the annotated dashboard as an attachment via e-mail, if you are viewing
the dashboard on the SAP Cloud for Customer.

Procedure

1. Choose Annotation from the Action menu.

2. Select a color for freehand markup, or select the note icon to enter a text note.
3. Draw your markup or enter text.
4. Choose Send as E-Mail from the Actions menu to send an image of the annotated dashboard as an
attachment.
5. Choose Cancel to exit annotation mode.

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12.1.4 View Dashboard Connections

You can view mapping metadata for dashboard filters and interactive connections.

Click to open the View All Connections popup. The Interactive tab displays a list of source and target report
views along with the selected attributes for the corresponding tiles. The Dashboard tab displays a list of all
filters, selected report views, and the associated attributes.

 Note

You can only see the metadata of those report views which you have authorization to view.

12.1.5 Apply Dashboard Filters

While designing a dashboard, your administrators can define filters. The system displays the filters on your
dashboard. You can select values for each filter and save it. After successful save, when the dashboard is
opened again the filters are applied automatically.

To apply new filters, select the value from the value help and click Go. Click the interaction icon inside an

individual tile to see the applied filter values for both interactive and dashboard filter. Use the filter icon to
toggle the dashboard filter bar. The red dot on the filter icon indicates that some filters have been applied.

 Note

• If you are modifying any filter, the save button is disabled. It is enabled after you press Go.
• If you enter an incorrect value in the filter, the system allows you to save it. However, when you click Go,
the system displays the error on the respective tiles.
• After you have saved the filter value, if the administrator changes the filter in the dashboard, the
system still shows the saved values. You must update the values according to the new filter and save it
again.

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12.1.6 Use Filters to Personalize Your Dashboards

Apply multiple filters on a dashboard and save them as Selections.

While designing a dashboard, your administrators can define filters. The system displays the filters on your
dashboard. You can select values for multiple filters and save it. When the dashboard is opened again, the
selections that you mark as default are applied automatically. If you do not apply filters and select a default, the
system opens in the standard Initial selection without any filter.

 Note

After you have saved the filter values, if the administrator changes the filter in the dashboard, the system
still shows the saved values. You must update the values according to the new filter and save it again.

12.1.7 Edit Report View Descriptions

Maintain descriptions for report views.

To access this screen, select the report view, and from the Choose View dropdown, select Manage. In the
Manage screen, you can add or edit the report view description.

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12.2 Analyzing Reports

Learn how to access everyday reporting functions, such as, selecting and filtering data, working with tables and
charts, or adding and removing characteristics and key figures.

12.2.1 Toolbar Functions

Learn about working with the different toolbar functions available on your screen.

• View
Shows the report view that is displayed in the Web browser. The dropdown list displays the report views
that are available with the corresponding report. A report view is a modified view of the data available with
a report.

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 To view and edit the report view, click the pencil icon next to the dropdown list. The following table provides
an overview of the available functions:

Functions available in Report View

Function Description

View dropdown list Enables you to select a report view.

Report Default Makes the current report view the default when opening the report.

Rename Renames the current report view.

Delete Deletes report views created by you. Note that you cannot delete report views deliv-
ered by SAP or report views created by your administrator.

Save Save the report view .

Save As Saves the current report view as a new report view.

Defer Refresh If you want to make several changes to the report layout, we recommend deferring the
refresh of the layout. When you click Defer Refresh, all other functions are inactive until
you switch off Defer Refresh.

Add Fields Add characteristic attributes to and remove them from the report view by clicking
Add Fields. On the following screen, fields are group by specified criteria. For example,
characteristics are grouped by dimensions. Note that you cannot select all fields to
add to or to remove from the report view. Fields that you cannot select indicate that
they are part of the report as it is defined, either as delivered content or as defined
by administrators. When you add and remove fields, the system modifies the current
report view. The characteristic attributes are then available. You can then add the new
fields to rows and columns and save the personalized report view.

Available Fields Shows the characteristics and key figures that are available with the report view. By
clicking an available characteristic, a check is displayed next to the characteristic, and
the characteristic is added to rows.

Row Fields By clicking a characteristic under Row Fields, you can move the characteristic to
Column Fields or back to Available Fields. You can also make settings for the character-
istic.

Column Fields By clicking Key Figure, you can move the key figures to Column Fields or back to
Available Fields. You can also make settings for the characteristic.

You can also create exceptions and conditions. If you have an active condition, a filter
icon appears next to the name of the report view.

• Selection
Shows the set of variables available for the report and any defined value selections currently used. The
dropdown list shows the selection available with the corresponding report.

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 To view and edit the selection, click the pencil icon next to the dropdown list. The following table provides
an overview of the available functions:

Function Description

Selection drop- Enables you to choose a selection.

down list

Report Default Makes the current selection the default when opening the report.

View Default Makes the current selection the default when opening the report view.

Rename Renames the current selection.

Delete Deletes the selection created by you. Note that you cannot delete selections delivered by SAP or
created by your administrator.

Save Save the current selection.

Save As When you save a new selection, you have the option of saving the time characteristics of the
selection as relative. By clicking Save Time Characteristics as Relative, the new values for time
variables are calculated depending on the date when you saved the selection and when you next
open the selection. The following graphic provides an example:

Example of saving time characteristics as relative

Show Description You can also decide if you want to display text descriptions for values. For example, if your Status
description is Z9, you may not know what exactly it stands for. By clicking Show Description,
under the entry field, the description Active is displayed. This helps you understand your report
better.

When you double-click the button, a pop-up appears that allows you to delete the selection from
this window. This is possible on desktops only. In touch devices, this pop-up is not available.

Add Fields Add characteristic attributes to and remove them from the report view by clicking Add Fields.
On the following screen, fields are group by specified criteria. For example, characteristics are
grouped by dimensions. Note that you cannot select all fields to add to or to remove from the
report view. Fields that you cannot select indicate that they are part of the report as it is defined,
either as delivered content or as defined by administrators. When you add and remove fields, the
system modifies the current report view. The characteristic attributes are then available. You can
then add the new fields to rows and columns and save the personalized report view.

• Refresh
By clicking the icon to the right of the Selection dropdown list, you can refresh the data and display of the
report.
• Display Format

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 You can switch formats between table and chart. Note that in some cases, you cannot switch the display
format, for example, if your report contains a hierarchy.
• Further functions
By clicking the sprocket icon, the following functions are available.

Setting Description

Report Header Displays values that have been set for variables in the selection. If available, any
information and warnings are also displayed. For example, if the display currency
is set using key figure settings or variables.

By clicking Technical Information, you can also view further information, such as
the access context of the report and the data source that serves as a basis for the
report data.

Download Exports the report data to Microsoft Excel® in XML format in read only mode. The
export is useful if you want to use Microsoft Excel® functions to analyze report
data.

Note that when you open the export, there is no longer a connection to the sys-
tem, even if you view the report data on the SAP add-in for Microsoft Excel® ribbon.

You can also download data sources and reports in CSV format. The format and
the available fields of the downloaded data source differ from a downloaded re-
port. For example, in a downloaded report, the value and unit of measure are
combined in one field whereas in the downloaded data source, the fields are
separate. Another example is that there may be key figures only defined for the
report, which are not available in the underlying data source.

Start Options You can decide if you want to show the Selection area and if you want to start the
report.

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 Setting Description

Table Settings • Table Design

You can choose between a standard white background or alternating between
white and blue.
• Grid lines
You can decide if you want horizontal or vertical grid lines, both, or none.
• Result Rows and Columns
You can decide if you want result rows or columns displayed as the first or last
entry in a row and/or displayed in the first or last column.
• Display Repeated Texts
You can specify whether every instance of a characteristic value is displayed
in a row or column.
• Display Scaling Factors
Use the dropdown list to set a scaling factor of 1 to ten billion
(10,000,000,000).
• Arrange As Hierarchy
The system arranges characteristics in rows and in columns as a hierarchy.
The row or column further left serves as the tree structure into which charac-
teristics to the right are inserted.
• Hierarchy Design
You can decide between standard and cascading. If you choose standard,
characteristics are arranged in a hierarchy; any characteristic attributes are
arranged in rows or columns. If you choose cascading, characteristics are
arranged in a hierarchy; any characteristic attributes are arranged individual
columns or rows.
• Hierarchy Initial Expansion
The hierarchy level up to which the hierarchy is to be displayed when it is
expanded.
• Invert Hierarchy
The system inverts the hierarchy so that the hierarchy is displayed from
bottom to top or from right to left. You can decide to invert a hierarchy in
rows, columns, or both.
• Limit Data
By default, the records of data displayed are limited to the value in the speci-
fied field. You can change this value. Note that this setting is only valid for
reports displayed as a table.

Chart Types You can choose from a range of charts to display data.

Send You can send the report as an e-mail attachment or as a link.

Microsoft Excel® You can view and edit the report using the SAP add-in for Microsoft Excel®.

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12.2.2 Working with Selections

A selection consists of the set of variables available for the report and any defined value selections.

The selection you define determines the data to be displayed in the report.

When you open a report, the data displayed in the report is restricted to the value selections set using variables
in the Selections area. You can display the Selections area by clicking the pencil icon next to the Selection
dropdown list box.

Making Value Selections

Note that you must specify a value for all mandatory variables. In the system, mandatory variables are
indicated by an asterisk (*).

The Access Context variable is mandatory for all reports. This variable is defaulted to the access context to
which the you are assigned. The system fills the variable with the access context available for the report. In this
case, only one access context is assigned, and therefore the variable is not displayed.

If the report supports multiple access contexts, you must specify which access context is to be used to select
data.

You can either enter values manually, the system supports manual entry of only the ID of variable or
characteristic values.

For example, you know that you want to restrict the Supplier variable to 500001 (You cannot enter Miller
and Son). You therefore enter 500001 in the Supplier variable field.

You can add further values by clicking the plus icon to the right of the entry field. If the variable supports
operators, such as greater than or less than, a dropdown list box is displayed.

Value Selection Help

The type of value entry allowed depends on how the content has been defined. For example, if you can select
single values, multiple values, or set an interval.

The following options are available depending on the variable.

Allowed Value Entry Description

Single value Allows you to select one value.

One or more values Allows you to select one or more values separated by semi-colons.

One or more values with an opera- Allows you to select one or more values with an operator such as greater than or less
tor than. Note that the between operator is .., the unequal operator is <>.

Interval Allows you to select a single or interval value, for example, 100 or 19494 .. 4343434.

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Allowed Value Entry Description

Relative select Allows you to restrict a specified characteristic to a relative variable selection. Relative
selections are based on basic characteristics, such as Date, Week, Month, Fiscal
Period, and Company. When you start the report, the system fills the cells in the
report with the corresponding values.

Expand the following table to view some examples of relative selections.

Variable Relative Selection Description

Posting Date Today Shows today's date.

Invoice Creation Date Last 7 Days Shows a time range of the

last 7 days, including to-
day.

Fiscal Month Current Fiscal Period Shows the current month.

Company Multiple Default Compa- Derives multiple default

nies companies based on the
user's position.

When making value entries, note that you can choose either a relative select or other entries but not both.

12.2.3 Share Views and Selections with Business Users

Share your personalized views with other users in the organization.

You can share your personalized views with your team members or other users in the organization so that they
can reuse the view. You can share only end user views. To do this follow these steps:

1. Navigate to Analysis Reports , and open a report.

2. Select the Choose View icon to see the list of views.
3. Select and open any view under the End User section.
4. Go to more actions (…) , and select Share View. The system opens a dialog box.
If you want to share the selections, you can choose the personalized selections from the drop downl ist.
5. From the value help, select a valid user from within your organization.
6. Enter the required details and click Share.
The system makes the report available in the Shared Views section of the recipient that you have specified.
In addition, if a valid e-mail ID is maintained for the user, the system sends an e-mail notification.

To accept or reject the shared view, follow these steps:

1. Go to Analysis Reports and from the Select Variant dropdown select Shared Views. The system
shows you the list of all the views shared by different users.
2. Open a view. In the shared view mode,
• You cannot switch to any other view
• You can change the predefined selections from dropdown selection.
You can also choose a shared selection that is listed under the Shared header.

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 • In the Selection tab, you can restrict data using any of the parameters. You can also apply filters.
• In the View tab, you can see the definition of the view. You cannot edit it.
3. After previewing the data, you can either accept or reject the view. On clicking Reject, the system removes
the view from the shared views. On clicking Accept the system allows you to save the view with the same
name or personalize it with a different name. The view is removed from the shared views, and is displayed
in your list of Report Views.

 Note

When you share a view or selection with other business users, technically a new copy of the view or
selection is created for each of the target users when they accept the shared view.

Therefore, any reference (view ID) of the original report view, which works fine for you, as the original user,
cannot be used to refer to a shared view of target users.

For example, in Excel addin workbook, if a view or selection is inserted into the excel sheet, and the view is
shared to other users, then the workbook cannot be used by target users to access the shared copies of the
original report view. Ideally, the target user should accept the shared view in the web client, and then insert
the new copy of the report view (with the new view ID) into the workbook.

12.2.4 Functions in the Content Area

Many of the functions in the content area of the report are available from the column headers of the report. The
functions available differ for characteristics and key figures. To display the functions, click the column headers.

Functions for Characteristics

Function Use

Sort Click the arrow next to the characteristic to sort values in ascending or descending
order. A period next to the characteristic indicates that the values are not sorted.

Display Displays the description or ID of characteristic values.

The name of the characteristic appears in a pop-up window. You can decide to display
the description, ID, or a combination thereof.

Note that the display function is disabled if only IDs are available to display.

Subtotals Enables you to display or hide subtotal results of key figures for characteristics.

Filter A list of characteristic values appears in a pop-up window. You can select one or
more values by which to filter the report. You can also use the search with its auto-fill
function to make it easier to find values. Once you have set a filter, a filter icon
appears next to the name of the report view.

Add Enables you to add a characteristic to the right of the column you click.

Remove Enables you to remove characteristics. Note that in columns, one characteristic has
to remain.

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Functions for Key figures

Function Use

Add Enables you to add a key figure to the right of the column you click.

Remove Enables you to remove the key figures, even those key figures that are initially defined.
Note that one key figure has to remain.

Analytical Navigation

In cells of reports displayed in table format, you can use the context menu for further navigation and analysis.
Using the context menu, you can view existing documents related to a value. When you click a cell, the
documents and reports to which you can navigate are displayed. For example, you can navigate to a preceding
document, such as a purchase request, an overview document that provides information about a customer, or
to another report.

12.3 Analytics in Smartphones

Work with Reports and Dashboard workcenters in smartphones.

Using the display mode icon on reports, switch between portrait and landscape view for reports.

Reports

In the Report workcenter, you can perform following tasks:

Task How-to

Organize data

Click (Organize data) to select the desired view from the available choices.
The report updates immediately to reflect your selections.

Apply filter
Open a report and click (Add Filter). The value help appears. Select the
required value. Click OK. Either select Run with filter to apply the filter immediately,
or click on Later to continue working on your current report. Note that you cannot
scroll if you do not select either of these option.

Show and hide legends

Click (Legend) to show or hide legends.

Change charts Click the Change chart icon to see the list of charts available. Choose the required
chart to visualize your data in the desired format.

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 Task How-to

Choose views and selections Click on the view and selection pane to review and choose the different options
available. The report updates immediately to reflect your selections.

Dashboard

In the Dashboard workcenter, you can perform the following tasks:

Task How-to

Use interactions

Click a data point on the source report to pass filters to target reports. Click
(Filter) in the target report to see the applied filters. The target reports are indicated

by (Add Filter). To clear interaction filters, tap anywhere on the screen.

Change charts

Click (Table) to see the list of charts available. Choose the required chart
icon to visualize your data in the desired format.

Show and Hide legends

Click (More Actions) to open a dropdown list and choose (Legend) to
show or hide legends.

Refresh reports and dashboard

To refresh a report, click (More Actions) and then click (Refresh).

To refresh a dashboard, click on the top panel.

Homepage

In the Homepage, you can open the following tiles to perform analytical tasks:

• KPI Tile: Opens to a dashboard or contextual report.The KPI ribbon on the top shows the deviation from
target and reference. It also helps you analyze the thresholds and the current status with respect to
the thresholds. If the tile opens to a dashboard, you can perform all the tasks that are possible in a
smartphone.
If the tile opens to a report, you can do the following:
• Use the carousel to scan through multiple contextual reports

• Click (More Actions) and refresh or hide the report

• Click the Analyze Data icon to open the report and start working on it

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 • Report Tile: Opens aggregated reports and allows you to work on them.
• Graphical Reports Tile: Opens report in a bigger screen and allows you to perform all the tasks that you can
perform in a report generally.

Limitations

• Auto-complete while searching filter values does not work in smartphones

• Report filters is not supported in Windows based smartphones
• Drag and drop action to move fields in reports is not supported in Windows based smartphones
• Show chart values by tapping on data point does not work in smartphones
• The Analysis workcenter is not available on Windows based smartphone

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Important Disclaimers and Legal Information

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